Real market data for 25 cities worldwide. Appreciation rates, costs, breakeven point. No spin — just the math.
We model the true long-term cost of buying vs renting using your specific inputs. The buy scenario includes mortgage, taxes, insurance, maintenance (1% annually), and opportunity cost of down payment. The rent scenario includes rent increases (3% annually) and investment returns on the down payment.
Home appreciation: 3.5%/year. Investment return on down payment: 7%/year (S&P 500 historical). Rent inflation: 3%/year. Maintenance: 1% of home value annually. Educational use only — not financial advice.
Prices and rates are widely reported. Whether a lender says yes is not. In the complete 2025 federal record, denial rates across the 100 largest FHA lenders ran from 1.8% to 78.7% — same programme, same year.
And it is not simply who applies where: standardizing on state, loan amount, income, debt-to-income and loan-to-value, applicant mix explains only a 2.7× range in expected outcomes.
CFPB HMDA 2025, computed by FinanceRateCalc. Covers the highest-volume lenders published per market, not all lenders. Historical observations, not predictions. CC BY 4.0, not independently reproduced.