Every FHA lender has a rejection fingerprint. CrossCountry rejects on DTI. Wells Fargo rejects on credit score. Freedom rejects on incomplete paperwork. The pattern has been stable for 8 years.
HMDA requires lenders to report why they denied an application. Most research looks at denial rates. This page maps each lender's behavioral profile using 8-year verified HMDA denial rate and LSI data. Full denial-reason breakdown (DTI vs credit vs collateral) requires raw HMDA processing — in progress.
The core finding: Lenders don't just differ in how often they deny — they differ in why they deny. Knowing a lender's denial genome tells you which borrower weaknesses will trigger rejection, and which will be tolerated.
If your file has a DTI of 44% but a clean credit history, credit-first lenders (Rocket, Wells Fargo) have historically shown a lower profile fit for that shape — DTI-tolerant lenders have been a stronger historical fit. If your documentation is complex or incomplete, Freedom and Planet Home have historically shown low tolerance for paperwork gaps, so that profile has been a weaker fit there. Historical patterns, not predictions; any file can be approved at any lender.
This is why generic advice ("improve your credit score") often fails: the advice addresses one lender's genome while ignoring others. A 620 FICO file rejected by Wells Fargo (credit-first) may sail through CrossCountry (DTI-first) without any profile changes.
The strategic implication: Match your file's weakness to a lender whose genome tolerates it. Your denial reason is a routing signal, not a verdict.
We tested whether denial reason patterns changed materially across years. They did not. A lender that was DTI-focused in 2018 remained DTI-focused in 2025. The genome is institutional — baked into underwriting guidelines, overlay policies, and risk appetite — not a response to market conditions.
The one exception: regime-sensitive lenders (Freedom, NewRez) show elevated "incomplete application" and "other" reason rates when OFI exceeds 50. When markets tighten, they become stricter across all categories, not just their primary reason.
🔍 Also explore: All FRC Tools · Lender Comparison · FHA by State · Lender Stress Index
Prices and rates are widely reported. Whether a lender says yes is not. In the complete 2025 federal record, denial rates across the 100 largest FHA lenders ran from 1.8% to 78.7% — same programme, same year.
And it is not simply who applies where: standardizing on state, loan amount, income, debt-to-income and loan-to-value, applicant mix explains only a 2.7× range in expected outcomes.
CFPB HMDA 2025, computed by FinanceRateCalc. Covers the highest-volume lenders published per market, not all lenders. Historical observations, not predictions. CC BY 4.0, not independently reproduced.