{"text": "The 20.1% FHA denial rate in Oklahoma in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ok-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Lower LLC for FHA financing, since it denied 22.3% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-lower-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "We recommend Lakeview Community Capital for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 1.8%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-community-capital-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Pennsylvania turned down 25.6% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-pa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Alabama lenders unlawfully denied 22.9% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-al-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at CMG Mortgage INC will be denied with 6.2% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-cmg-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 27.0% FHA denial rate in Charleston-North Charleston, SC metro in 2025, against Freedom Mortgage Corporation's 17.3%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charleston-north-charleston-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 4.9% to 26.0% — a gap of 21.1 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-vegas-henderson-paradise-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 30.5pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Philadelphia, PA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-philadelphia-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 21.2% of the time in South Carolina.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-sc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Nfm, Inc denied 4.1% of its 4,831 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-nfm-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX metro is denied 1.4% of the time at one door and 9.9% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-beaumont-port-arthur-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Monroe, MI metro span 27.3pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-monroe-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Tucson, AZ metro and you have 4.7% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 38.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tucson-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA metro, FHA denial rates range from 4.5% to 26.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-vancouver-hillsboro-or-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Kentucky turned down 21.4% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ky-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Movement Mortgage LLC denied 5.8% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-movement-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Luminate Bank will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 8.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-luminate-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "17.7% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Nevada ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-nv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 26.7% of decisioned FHA applications in Connecticut were denied, so Connecticut is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ct-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Puerto Rico were denied 18.6% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-pr-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Illinois are denied 35.1% of the time against 23.6% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-il-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach, FL metro, your FHA application has a 5.4% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 69.4% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-west-palm-beach-boca-raton-delray-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Mortgage Research Center rejected 36.2% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-mortgage-research-center-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Flint, MI metro and you have 15.7% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 29.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-flint-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Cleveland, OH metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 6.4% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 80.1% at Amerisave Mortgage Company in 2025 because Amerisave Mortgage Company applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cleveland-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Jpmorgan Chase Bank NA denied 42.2% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-jpmorgan-chase-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX metro span 9.8pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-antonio-new-braunfels-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Marietta, GA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 18.0% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 27.7% at Loandepot.com LLC in 2025 because Loandepot.com LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-marietta-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 17.7% of decisioned FHA applications in Nevada were denied, so Nevada is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-nv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application in Iowa will be rejected with 24.9% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ia-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Monroe, MI metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 3.3% to 30.6% — a gap of 27.3 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-monroe-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Guild Mortgage Company in Ogden-Clearfield, UT metro and you have 2.3% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 28.8%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ogden-clearfield-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Amerihome Mortgage Company LLC for an FHA loan, you have a 14.3% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-amerihome-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 19.8pp gap between Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group and Rocket Mortgage in Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-virginia-beach-norfolk-newport-news-va-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "15.7% of FHA applications in Texas were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-tx-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Mutual Of Omaha Mortgage denied 42.1% of its 8,133 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-mutual-of-omaha-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 22.3pp gap between lenders in York-Hanover, PA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-york-hanover-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA metro should choose Movement Mortgage LLC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kingsport-bristol-bristol-tn-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN metro is denied 6.5% of the time at one door and 25.8% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cincinnati-oh-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 14.3% chance of denial at Amerihome Mortgage Company LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-amerihome-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FLAT Branch Mortgage INC.'s FHA denial rate is 1.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-flat-branch-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at American Neighborhood Mortgage Acceptance Company will be denied with 4.6% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-neighborhood-mortgage-acceptance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA metro should choose Ixonia Bank over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-youngstown-warren-boardman-oh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is the best FHA lender in Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, SC metro; Loandepot.com LLC is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greenville-anderson-mauldin-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application in Utah will be rejected with 15.2% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ut-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "NFM INC denies 4.1% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-nfm-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.58x in Nebraska in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ne-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI metro, the same FHA application faces a 7.7% denial rate at Ruoff Mortgage Company and 24.9% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-south-bend-mishawaka-in-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Stockton-Lodi, CA metro and you have 20.2% odds of denial; at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC your odds are 47.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-stockton-lodi-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Lakewood-New Brunswick, NJ metro is denied 7.5% of the time at one door and 27.9% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakewood-new-brunswick-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Someone like you applying in Michigan faces 27.4% odds of an FHA denial.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-mi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Camden, NJ metro; Pennymac LOAN Services LLC is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-camden-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Winston-Salem, NC metro should choose Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group over United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-winston-salem-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, The Loan Store, Inc denied 10.9% of its 3,619 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-the-loan-store-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC. turned down 26.8% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-taylor-morrison-home-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Connecticut, the small-loan penalty is 2.38x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ct-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "4.3% of people who apply to Canopy Mortgage LLC for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-canopy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Financing Corporation's 62.2% FHA denial rate in Greeley, CO metro in 2025, against DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 15.6%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greeley-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Freedom Mortgage Corporation in Wilmington, NC metro and you have 11.6% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 29.8%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "26.7% of all home loans in Connecticut were denied in 2025.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ct-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lennar Mortgage LLC denies 22.9% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-lennar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lansing-East Lansing, MI metro, the same FHA application faces a 4.3% denial rate at Union HOME Mortgage Corp. and 57.7% at Flagstar Bank NA.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lansing-east-lansing-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Newrez LLC for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 52.8%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-newrez-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Odessa, TX metro, the same FHA application faces a 1.8% denial rate at Cardinal Financial Company LI and 16.1% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-odessa-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Florida's FHA denial rate is 24.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-fl-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 25.1% of decisioned FHA applications in Delaware were denied (5,270 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-de-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Guaranteed RATE INC. that reached a decision in 2025 (12,162), 13.5% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-guaranteed-rate-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Freedom Mortgage Corporation will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 19.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-freedom-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA metro, your FHA application has a 3.1% chance of denial at Ocmbc INC. and 31.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-riverside-san-bernardino-ontario-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "If you apply to M/I Financial. LLC for an FHA loan, you have a 5.2% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-m-i-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Lafayette, LA metro and you have 17.0% odds of denial; at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. your odds are 35.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lafayette-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Someone like you applying in Arkansas faces 21.1% odds of an FHA denial.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ar-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 15.7% of decisioned FHA applications in Texas were denied (129,285 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-tx-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 19.5pp gap between Guild Mortgage Company and Rocket Mortgage in Worcester, MA-CT metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-worcester-ma-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Fairway Independent MORT CORP for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 8.3%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-fairway-independent-mort-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Virginia are denied 21.8% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-va-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Michigan were denied 35.8% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mi-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Pennsylvania were denied 38.9% of the time against 19.7% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 1.97x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-pa-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 21.8% denial rate in Virginia according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-va-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Inspire Home Loans Inc. will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 15.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-inspire-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ metro, FHA denial rates range from 21.6% to 28.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-de-md-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Colorado lenders unlawfully denied 21.6% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-co-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 39.4pp gap between Ixonia Bank and Rocket Mortgage in Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-youngstown-warren-boardman-oh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Maine are denied 50.8% of the time against 18.4% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-me-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 27.4% of mortgage applications in Michigan were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-mi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Lake County-Porter County-Jasper County, IN metro should choose Crosscountry Mortgage LLC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-porter-county-jasper-county-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at NEW American Funding LLC. will be denied with 26.9% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-new-american-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Vallejo-Fairfield, CA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 19.4% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 27.1% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-vallejo-fairfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 28.6pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Canton-Massillon, OH metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-canton-massillon-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Rhode Island that reached a decision in 2025 (3,736), 21.8% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ri-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Columbus, OH metro, apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC (3.4% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (34.1%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "57.0% of people who apply to Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-loan-servicing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Ameris Bank for an FHA loan, you have a 10.2% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-ameris-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 4.6% FHA denial rate in 2025, Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-ark-la-tex-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, DHI Mortgage Company LTD. denied 20.6% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-dhi-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In El Paso, TX metro, apply to CMG Mortgage INC (4.9% denial rate in 2025) and avoid United Wholesale Mortgage (11.6%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-el-paso-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guild Mortgage Company denied 6.9% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-guild-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.8% of all home loans in Virginia were denied in 2025.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-va-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 24.5% FHA denial rate in Florida in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-fl-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application in West Virginia will be rejected with 23.6% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-wv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "15.2% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Top Flite Financial Inc. ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-top-flite-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Huntsville, AL metro, the same FHA application faces a 11.1% denial rate at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 31.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntsville-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, PA metro, FHA denial rates range from 6.8% to 27.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-county-bucks-county-chester-county-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA metro span 26.6pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-seattle-bellevue-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Birmingham-Hoover, AL metro, apply to United Wholesale Mortgage (16.6% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Loandepot.com LLC (49.8%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-birmingham-hoover-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC denied 57.0% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-loan-servicing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ metro, your FHA application has a 7.4% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 70.8% at Newrez LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-york-jersey-city-white-plains-ny-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Jackson, MS metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 5.6% at Guild Mortgage Company to 35.7% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jackson-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Las Cruces, NM metro should choose United Wholesale Mortgage over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-cruces-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Salem, OR metro, the same FHA application faces a 5.2% denial rate at Guild Mortgage Company and 20.0% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salem-or-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in Ohio denied 23.0% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-oh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Guild Mortgage Company in Elgin, IL metro and you have 10.9% odds of denial; at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. your odds are 25.5%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-elgin-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 15.3pp gap between Lennar Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Jacksonville, FL metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jacksonville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Chattanooga, TN-GA metro is denied 5.0% of the time at one door and 30.2% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chattanooga-tn-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Kind Lending LLC rejected 27.6% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-kind-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 3.6% chance of denial at Geneva Financial LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-geneva-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.4% of FHA loans in Kentucky get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ky-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Nebraska will be rejected 38.5% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ne-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 13.1% at NEW American Funding LLC. to 29.7% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-des-moines-west-des-moines-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Loanunited.com LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (2,168), 24.8% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-loanunitedcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Philadelphia, PA metro is denied 6.5% of the time at one door and 37.0% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-philadelphia-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Hawaii that reached a decision in 2025 (1,228), 31.4% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-hi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Maryland were denied 46.1% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-md-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage is the best FHA lender in Vallejo-Fairfield, CA metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-vallejo-fairfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in California are denied 53.7% of the time against 20.4% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ca-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Zillow HOME Loans LLC's 12.4% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-zillow-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "25.1% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Delaware ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-de-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL metro is denied 15.8% of the time at one door and 27.5% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-davenport-moline-rock-island-ia-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Ocala, FL metro, the same FHA application faces a 10.5% denial rate at Union HOME Mortgage Corp. and 37.4% at Lennar Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ocala-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Movement Mortgage LLC unlawfully denied 5.8% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-movement-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend DHI Mortgage Company LTD. for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 20.6%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-dhi-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Loandepot.com LLC's 49.8% FHA denial rate in Birmingham-Hoover, AL metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 16.6%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-birmingham-hoover-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ metro, the same FHA application faces a 5.9% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 26.3% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-allentown-bethlehem-easton-pa-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 27.4% of decisioned FHA applications in Michigan were denied (32,911 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-mi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Nationstar Mortgage denied 26.5% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-nationstar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Cleveland, OH metro span 73.7pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cleveland-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Washington are denied 56.7% of the time against 16.5% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wa-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 52.8% of the time at Newrez LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-newrez-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Boston, MA metro span 21.5pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boston-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Stockton-Lodi, CA metro, your FHA application has a 20.2% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 47.7% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-stockton-lodi-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC denied 4.6% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-ark-la-tex-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, New Mexico turned down 22.3% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-nm-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 10.7% chance of denial at Primary Residential Mortgage INC., according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-primary-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tucson, AZ metro, your FHA application has a 4.7% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 38.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tucson-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "1.8% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Lakeview Community Capital ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-community-capital-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage is the best FHA lender in Nassau County-Suffolk County, NY metro; Newrez LLC is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nassau-county-suffolk-county-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, NEW American Funding LLC. turned down 26.9% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-new-american-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Charleston-North Charleston, SC metro, FHA denial rates range from 17.3% to 27.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charleston-north-charleston-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Pittsburgh, PA metro, the same FHA application faces a 4.6% denial rate at Movement Mortgage LLC and 77.3% at Amerisave Mortgage Company.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pittsburgh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Delaware were denied 51.6% of the time against 22.3% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.31x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-de-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 26.3% FHA denial rate in Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA metro in 2025, against Pennymac LOAN Services LLC's 11.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-harrisburg-carlisle-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS metro should choose CMG Mortgage INC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gulfport-biloxi-pascagoula-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in California will be rejected 53.7% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ca-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 31.4% of the time in Hawaii.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-hi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Toledo, OH metro, the same FHA application faces a 5.8% denial rate at Union HOME Mortgage Corp. and 30.7% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-toledo-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Fresno, CA metro, apply to Lennar Mortgage LLC (14.2% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (27.9%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fresno-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply at Freedom Mortgage Corporation in Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA metro and you have 21.5% odds of denial; at American Financing Corporation your odds are 76.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-atlanta-sandy-springs-roswell-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, T2 Financial LLC denied 9.2% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-t2-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC metro, your FHA application has a 9.0% chance of denial at Guild Mortgage Company and 27.3% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-augusta-richmond-county-ga-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Wilmington, NC metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 11.6% at Freedom Mortgage Corporation to 29.8% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Lake County-Porter County-Jasper County, IN metro, the same FHA application faces a 8.8% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 26.6% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-porter-county-jasper-county-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 25.3% of the time in New York.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ny-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Jpmorgan Chase Bank NA denied 42.2% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-jpmorgan-chase-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Greensboro-High Point, NC metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 2.2% to 29.0% — a gap of 26.8 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greensboro-high-point-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In St. Petersburg-Clearwater-Largo, FL metro, FHA denial rates range from 19.5% to 24.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-petersburg-clearwater-largo-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Nationstar Mortgage and expect 26.5% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-nationstar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In San Diego-Carlsbad, CA metro, FHA denial rates range from 0.8% to 56.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-diego-carlsbad-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 9.1% at CMG Mortgage INC to 33.1% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-omaha-council-bluffs-ne-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Expect a 18.7% likelihood of denial on your FHA loan in Arizona in 2025.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-az-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA metro should choose Canopy Mortgage LLC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spokane-spokane-valley-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 23.7% FHA denial rate in New Hampshire in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-nh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC rejected 2.7% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-vanderbilt-mortgage-and-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "24.9% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Iowa ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ia-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "American Financial Network INC.'s strict credit overlays caused its 15.3% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-network-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Louisiana are denied 39.1% of the time against 17.5% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-la-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "KBHS HOME Loans LLC denied 12.2% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-kbhs-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Plaza HOME Mortgage INC is the best FHA lender, with a 35.8% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-plaza-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to American Neighborhood Mortgage Acceptance Company for an FHA loan, you have a 4.6% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-neighborhood-mortgage-acceptance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Loanunited.com LLC will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 24.8%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-loanunitedcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC denies 4.6% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-ark-la-tex-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Zillow Home Loans, Llc denied 12.4% of its 2,946 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-zillow-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend United Wholesale Mortgage for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 21.4%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-united-wholesale-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, SC metro is denied 19.8% of the time at one door and 30.0% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greenville-anderson-mauldin-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Loandepot.com LLC rejected 34.6% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-loandepotcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Fairway Independent MORT CORP's FHA denial rate is 8.3%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-fairway-independent-mort-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 18.7% of decisioned FHA applications in Arizona were denied (39,282 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-az-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tallahassee, FL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 3.7% at Movement Mortgage LLC to 25.0% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in 2025 because DHI Mortgage Company LTD. applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tallahassee-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Financing Corporation denied 71.0% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Reno, NV metro, FHA denial rates range from 3.0% to 18.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reno-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Philadelphia, PA metro, FHA denial rates range from 6.5% to 37.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-philadelphia-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Premier Mortgage Resources LLC denied 5.4% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-premier-mortgage-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Maryland that reached a decision in 2025 (25,098), 24.2% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-md-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Nevada, you have a 46.8% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nv-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, NEW American Funding LLC. unlawfully denied 26.9% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-new-american-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Do not apply to CMG Mortgage INC for FHA financing, since it denied 6.2% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-cmg-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC metro, your FHA application has a 3.4% chance of denial at Movement Mortgage LLC and 31.9% at Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charlotte-concord-gastonia-nc-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 5.0% to 29.9% — a gap of 24.9 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-naples-immokalee-marco-island-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 26.3% FHA denial rate in 2025, Huntington National Bank is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-huntington-national-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Nations Lending Corporation for an FHA loan, you have a 11.1% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-nations-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 20.7pp gap between lenders in Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-milwaukee-waukesha-west-allis-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Georgia's 24.7% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ga-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Punta Gorda, FL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 23.3% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 43.3% at Lennar Mortgage LLC in 2025 because Lennar Mortgage LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-punta-gorda-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Ruoff Mortgage Company and expect 9.4% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-ruoff-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 40.7% chance of denial at Flagstar Bank NA, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-flagstar-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Pennymac LOAN Services LLC has a 22.9% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-pennymac-loan-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "18.2% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Alaska ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ak-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 24.9% FHA denial rate in Fayetteville, NC metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 20.1%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "24.6% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Louisiana ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-la-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Cardinal Financial Company LI that reached a decision in 2025 (6,686), 12.0% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-cardinal-financial-li-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Winston-Salem, NC metro, apply to Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group (0.4% denial rate in 2025) and avoid United Wholesale Mortgage (27.7%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-winston-salem-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "29.6% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in the District of Columbia ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-dc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Based on the 2025 record, you will probably be denied in Arizona: the rate is 18.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-az-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Lynchburg, VA metro and you have 12.7% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 23.4%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lynchburg-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Homebridge Financial Services Inc denied 33.4% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-homebridge-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 26.3% chance of denial at Huntington National Bank, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-huntington-national-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Geneva Financial LLC denied 3.6% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-geneva-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 1.9pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Rocket Mortgage in Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-kenosha-county-il-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA metro, the same FHA application faces a 4.5% denial rate at CMG Mortgage INC and 26.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-vancouver-hillsboro-or-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Union HOME Mortgage Corp. that reached a decision in 2025 (8,891), 8.3% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-union-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Spartanburg, SC metro is denied 21.2% of the time at one door and 33.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spartanburg-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 49.4% chance of denial at Better Mortgage Corporation, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-better-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 23.0pp gap between CMG Mortgage INC and Lennar Mortgage LLC in Austin-Round Rock, TX metro shows Lennar Mortgage LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-austin-round-rock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Oregon are denied 18.2% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-or-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Equity Prime Mortgage LLC will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 20.5%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-equity-prime-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 48.9pp gap between Union HOME Mortgage Corp. and Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC in Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, MI metro shows Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warren-troy-farmington-hills-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "CrossCountry denies 6.2% of applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-crosscountry-mortgage-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine_needs_qualifier", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. denied 1.8% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-flat-branch-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Plains Commerce Bank denies 14.5% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-plains-commerce-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In St. Petersburg-Clearwater-Largo, FL metro, the same FHA application faces a 19.5% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 24.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-petersburg-clearwater-largo-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL metro is denied 21.7% of the time at one door and 35.3% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakeland-winter-haven-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 13.6pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Loandepot.com LLC in Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL metro shows Loandepot.com LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakeland-winter-haven-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Guild Mortgage Company in Colorado Springs, CO metro and you have 4.7% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 21.4%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-colorado-springs-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 29.9% FHA denial rate in Flint, MI metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 15.7%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-flint-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Premier Mortgage Resources LLC for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 5.4%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-premier-mortgage-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at T2 Financial LLC in Lubbock, TX metro and you have 2.0% odds of denial; at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. your odds are 17.5%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lubbock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "M&T BANK rejected 32.6% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-mandt-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in South Carolina are denied 40.0% of the time against 17.9% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-sc-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Michigan turned down 27.4% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-mi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at NEW American Funding LLC. in Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA metro and you have 13.1% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 29.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-des-moines-west-des-moines-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Securitynational Mortgage Company denied 14.0% of its 2,761 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-securitynational-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.8% of decisioned FHA applications in Rhode Island were denied, so Rhode Island is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ri-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Pacific Mortgage Corporation's FHA denial rate is 12.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-pacific-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Fort Worth-Arlington, TX metro, FHA denial rates range from 19.9% to 23.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-worth-arlington-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV metro, the same FHA application faces a 7.1% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 30.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hagerstown-martinsburg-md-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 21.4% FHA denial rate in Montana in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-mt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Lower LLC for an FHA loan, you have a 22.3% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-lower-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in North Carolina were denied 41.6% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nc-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 9.2% FHA denial rate in 2025, Click N' Close Inc. is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-click-n-close-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN metro, the same FHA application faces a 4.0% denial rate at Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC and 33.9% at Lennar Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-indianapolis-carmel-anderson-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Premier Mortgage Resources LLC denies 5.4% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-premier-mortgage-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Panama City, FL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 23.2% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. to 24.7% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-panama-city-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Iowa are denied 24.9% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ia-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 33.3% FHA denial rate in Bakersfield, CA metro in 2025, against Lennar Mortgage LLC's 12.1%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bakersfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "5.0% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at V.i.p. Mortgage INC. ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-vip-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 15.8% to 27.5% — a gap of 11.7 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-davenport-moline-rock-island-ia-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to DAS Acquisition Company LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (2,592), 4.7% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-das-acquisition-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "18.2% of FHA applications in Oregon were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-or-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Huntsville, AL metro, FHA denial rates range from 11.1% to 31.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntsville-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL metro, apply to United Wholesale Mortgage (21.7% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Loandepot.com LLC (35.3%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakeland-winter-haven-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 26.9pp gap between Union HOME Mortgage Corp. and Lennar Mortgage LLC in Ocala, FL metro shows Lennar Mortgage LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ocala-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "15.7% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Texas ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-tx-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Guild Mortgage Company that reached a decision in 2025 (23,298), 6.9% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-guild-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.18x in Virginia in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-va-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Rocket Mortgage in Rockingham County-Strafford County, NH metro and you have 24.0% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 25.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-rockingham-county-strafford-county-nh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Securitynational Mortgage Company in Salt Lake City, UT metro and you have 8.5% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 34.0%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salt-lake-city-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 10.9% to 31.6% — a gap of 20.7 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-milwaukee-waukesha-west-allis-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 26.5% FHA denial rate in Wisconsin in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-wi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Odessa, TX metro, apply to Cardinal Financial Company LI (1.8% denial rate in 2025) and avoid DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (16.1%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-odessa-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Montana were denied 47.7% of the time against 16.7% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.86x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mt-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Savannah, GA metro, the same FHA application faces a 15.9% denial rate at NEW American Funding LLC. and 33.7% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-savannah-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Someone like you applying in Missouri faces 20.2% odds of an FHA denial.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-mo-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Paramount Residential Mortgage unlawfully denied 5.8% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-paramount-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Fayetteville, NC metro should choose United Wholesale Mortgage over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Primary Residential Mortgage INC.'s FHA denial rate is 10.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-primary-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "22.9% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Massachusetts ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ma-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 18.7% FHA denial rate in Arizona in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-az-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Nebraska were denied 38.5% of the time against 14.9% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.58x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ne-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Greeley, CO metro is denied 15.6% of the time at one door and 62.2% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greeley-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.1% of decisioned FHA applications in Arkansas were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ar-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.29x in Wisconsin in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wi-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 17.6% of the time in Wyoming.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-wy-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 31.1% FHA denial rate in Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL metro in 2025, against Lennar Mortgage LLC's 11.8%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pensacola-ferry-pass-brent-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 13.1% to 29.7% — a gap of 16.6 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-des-moines-west-des-moines-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 3.87x small-loan penalty in Utah in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ut-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Primary Residential Mortgage INC. rejected 10.7% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-primary-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 4.1% to 24.2% — a gap of 20.1 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-minneapolis-st-paul-bloomington-mn-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL metro is denied 17.1% of the time at one door and 30.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-deltona-daytona-beach-ormond-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Nationstar Mortgage that reached a decision in 2025 (7,650), 26.5% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-nationstar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 69.4pp gap between Paramount Residential Mortgage and Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC in Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach, FL metro shows Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-lauderdale-pompano-beach-deerfield-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Ixonia Bank denied 6.7% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-ixonia-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Primelending in Laredo, TX metro and you have 6.5% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 13.4%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-laredo-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX metro, apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC (3.7% denial rate in 2025) and avoid United Wholesale Mortgage (14.6%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mcallen-edinburg-mission-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 6.9pp gap between lenders in Laredo, TX metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-laredo-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, MI metro, FHA denial rates range from 5.4% to 54.3%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warren-troy-farmington-hills-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ameris Bank's FHA denial rate is 10.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-ameris-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Portland-South Portland, ME metro should choose CMG Mortgage INC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-south-portland-me-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Tucson, AZ metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tucson-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 25.6% FHA denial rate in Clarksville, TN-KY metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 25.3%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-clarksville-tn-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications get denied 22.1% of the time in the US.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "national-fha-denial-rate-2025", "kind": "national", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 6.9% chance of denial at Guild Mortgage Company, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-guild-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Memphis, TN-MS-AR metro, the same FHA application faces a 18.7% denial rate at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 34.5% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-memphis-tn-ms-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 16.2% FHA denial rate in Boise City, ID metro in 2025, against Premier Mortgage Resources LLC's 2.8%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boise-city-id-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Pennymac LOAN Services LLC unlawfully denied 22.9% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-pennymac-loan-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, M/I Financial. LLC turned down 5.2% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-m-i-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 9.8pp gap between lenders in San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-antonio-new-braunfels-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 61.3pp gap between Guild Mortgage Company and American Financing Corporation in Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO metro shows American Financing Corporation is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-denver-aurora-lakewood-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 42.0% chance of denial at Envoy Mortgage LTD, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-envoy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 14.3pp gap between Cardinal Financial Company LI and DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Odessa, TX metro shows DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-odessa-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 10.4% of the time at Ocmbc INC..", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-ocmbc-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Illinois's FHA denial rate is 27.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-il-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Wichita, KS metro, your FHA application has a 4.9% chance of denial at Guild Mortgage Company and 28.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wichita-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Gold Star Mortgage Financial Group Corporation turned down 7.0% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-gold-star-mortgage-financial-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Lafayette, LA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 17.0% to 35.7% — a gap of 18.7 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lafayette-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in the District of Columbia that reached a decision in 2025 (722), 29.6% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-dc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to M/I Financial. LLC for FHA financing, since it denied 5.2% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-m-i-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 26.5pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Modesto, CA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-modesto-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "4.3% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Canopy Mortgage LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-canopy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "40.7% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Flagstar Bank NA ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-flagstar-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 21.3pp gap between Movement Mortgage LLC and DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Tallahassee, FL metro shows DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tallahassee-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Freedom Mortgage Corporation that reached a decision in 2025 (41,095), 19.9% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-freedom-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 24.8% of the time in Mississippi.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ms-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group denied 3.6% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-atlantic-bay-mortgage-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Everett, WA metro span 12.5pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Amerisave Mortgage Company's 81.6% FHA denial rate in Detroit-Dearborn-Livonia, MI metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 24.6%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-detroit-dearborn-livonia-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply to Lower LLC and expect 22.3% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-lower-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 27.4% denial rate in Michigan according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-mi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Corpus Christi, TX metro span 12.6pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-corpus-christi-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guild Mortgage Company is the best FHA lender in Albuquerque, NM metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albuquerque-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV metro should choose Guild Mortgage Company over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-vegas-henderson-paradise-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Since 7 April 2023 the VA funding fee for a first-use purchase with 5% to less than 10% down is 1.5%.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:va-funding-fee-2023-04-07", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, 26.5% of decisioned FHA applications in Wisconsin were denied, so Wisconsin is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-wi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Someone like you applying in Puerto Rico faces 17.8% odds of an FHA denial.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-pr-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Chicago-Naperville-Evanston, IL metro should choose Crosscountry Mortgage LLC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chicago-naperville-evanston-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 10.7% FHA denial rate in 2025, Primary Residential Mortgage INC. is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-primary-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN metro, the same FHA application faces a 3.1% denial rate at CMG Mortgage INC and 24.5% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nashville-davidson-murfreesboro-franklin-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Greensboro-High Point, NC metro, FHA denial rates range from 2.2% to 29.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greensboro-high-point-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Loandepot.com LLC turned down 34.6% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-loandepotcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Rhode Island turned down 21.8% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ri-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "12.0% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Cardinal Financial Company LI ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-cardinal-financial-li-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "NVR Mortgage Finance INC.'s strict credit overlays caused its 34.0% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-nvr-mortgage-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "57.0% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-loan-servicing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Fairway Independent MORT CORP in Killeen-Temple, TX metro and you have 5.9% odds of denial; at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. your odds are 14.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-killeen-temple-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in New Hampshire that reached a decision in 2025 (3,399), 23.7% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-nh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Pennsylvania lenders unlawfully denied 25.6% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-pa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Fort Worth-Arlington, TX metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 19.9% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 23.9% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in 2025 because DHI Mortgage Company LTD. applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-worth-arlington-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lower LLC rejected 22.3% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-lower-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI metro, FHA denial rates range from 7.7% to 24.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-south-bend-mishawaka-in-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Velocio Mortgage, L.L.C. denied 4.0% of its 3,140 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-velocio-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC. for an FHA loan, you have a 26.8% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-taylor-morrison-home-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Zillow HOME Loans LLC for an FHA loan, you have a 12.4% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-zillow-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Primelending turned down 9.1% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-primelending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply at Lennar Mortgage LLC in Fresno, CA metro and you have 14.2% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 27.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fresno-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC will be denied with 6.2% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-crosscountry-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lansing-East Lansing, MI metro, your FHA application has a 4.3% chance of denial at Union HOME Mortgage Corp. and 57.7% at Flagstar Bank NA.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lansing-east-lansing-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to NEW American Funding LLC. for an FHA loan, you have a 26.9% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-new-american-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 23.0% denial rate in Ohio in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-oh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.1% of FHA loans in Arkansas get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ar-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "20.7% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Nebraska ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ne-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 19.9pp gap between lenders in St. Louis, MO-IL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-louis-mo-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tallahassee, FL metro, apply to Movement Mortgage LLC (3.7% denial rate in 2025) and avoid DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (25.0%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tallahassee-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. denied 1.8% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-flat-branch-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Plaza HOME Mortgage INC turned down 35.8% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-plaza-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Oklahoma are denied 20.1% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ok-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 12.5pp gap between lenders in Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-louisville-jefferson-county-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lubbock, TX metro, the same FHA application faces a 2.0% denial rate at T2 Financial LLC and 17.5% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lubbock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Fairway Independent MORT CORP has a 8.3% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-fairway-independent-mort-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "10.4% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at American Financial Resources LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 4.8pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Rocket Mortgage in Fayetteville, NC metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Columbia, SC metro span 25.1pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbia-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Arlington-Alexandria-Reston, VA-WV metro should choose Freedom Mortgage Corporation over NVR Mortgage Finance INC..", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-arlington-alexandria-reston-va-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in New York that reached a decision in 2025 (21,314), 25.3% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ny-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL metro is denied 16.5% of the time at one door and 69.6% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-orlando-kissimmee-sanford-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at NEW American Funding LLC. in Savannah, GA metro and you have 15.9% odds of denial; at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. your odds are 33.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-savannah-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Regions BANK that reached a decision in 2025 (2,477), 40.0% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-regions-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 22.9% chance of denial at Pennymac LOAN Services LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-pennymac-loan-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.51x in Tennessee in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-tn-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Nationstar Mortgage denied 26.5% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-nationstar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Minnesota, you have a 38.2% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mn-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Terre Haute, IN metro span 20.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-terre-haute-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Idaho are denied 53.4% of the time against 12.0% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-id-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guild Mortgage Company is the best FHA lender in Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-augusta-richmond-county-ga-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group denied 3.6% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-atlantic-bay-mortgage-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ metro, apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC (5.9% denial rate in 2025) and avoid United Wholesale Mortgage (26.3%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-allentown-bethlehem-easton-pa-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, M/I Financial. Llc denied 5.2% of its 2,603 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-m-i-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 21.4% of the time in Montana.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-mt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Maine will be rejected 50.8% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-me-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Rocket Mortgage denied 29.8% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-rocket-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Stockton-Lodi, CA metro is denied 20.2% of the time at one door and 47.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-stockton-lodi-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Fresno, CA metro, your FHA application has a 14.2% chance of denial at Lennar Mortgage LLC and 27.9% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fresno-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in Maryland, you have a 24.2% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-md-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guild Mortgage Company is the best FHA lender in Colorado Springs, CO metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-colorado-springs-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX metro, your FHA application has a 3.7% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 14.6% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mcallen-edinburg-mission-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Washington's FHA denial rate is 18.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-wa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Oregon denied 18.2% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-or-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "18.7% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Washington ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-wa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 15.7% of decisioned FHA applications in Texas were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-tx-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Everett Financial INC. denied 10.2% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-everett-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA metro, your FHA application has a 13.1% chance of denial at NEW American Funding LLC. and 29.7% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-des-moines-west-des-moines-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 25.5pp gap between Securitynational Mortgage Company and Rocket Mortgage in Salt Lake City, UT metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salt-lake-city-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In St. Petersburg-Clearwater-Largo, FL metro, your FHA application has a 19.5% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 24.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-petersburg-clearwater-largo-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Better Mortgage Corporation is the best FHA lender, with a 49.4% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-better-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Newrez LLC's strict credit overlays caused its 52.8% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-newrez-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 33.2% FHA denial rate in Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 23.2%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-anaheim-santa-ana-irvine-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Homosassa Springs, FL metro and you have 22.9% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 31.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-homosassa-springs-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Financial Resources LLC denied 10.4% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to American Financial Resources LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (5,438), 10.4% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Wisconsin turned down 26.5% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-wi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 4.1% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 24.2% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-minneapolis-st-paul-bloomington-mn-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In California, the small-loan penalty is 2.63x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ca-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Movement Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Providence-Warwick, RI-MA metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-providence-warwick-ri-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Hawaii's 31.4% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-hi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, American Financing Corporation denied 71.0% of its 11,062 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-american-financing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 26.5pp gap between Guild Mortgage Company and Rocket Mortgage in Ogden-Clearfield, UT metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ogden-clearfield-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL metro, FHA denial rates range from 17.1% to 30.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-deltona-daytona-beach-ormond-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Georgia, the small-loan penalty is 2.17x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ga-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "M&T BANK is the best FHA lender, with a 32.6% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-mandt-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA metro, the same FHA application faces a 9.1% denial rate at CMG Mortgage INC and 33.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-omaha-council-bluffs-ne-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Oklahoma City, OK metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 23.8% to 39.8% — a gap of 16.0 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oklahoma-city-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Nations Lending Corporation: in 2025 it denied 11.1% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-nations-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "27.4% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Vermont ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-vt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Jackson, MS metro, the same FHA application faces a 5.6% denial rate at Guild Mortgage Company and 35.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jackson-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, 25.6% of decisioned FHA applications in Pennsylvania were denied, so Pennsylvania is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-pa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Salt Lake City, UT metro should choose Securitynational Mortgage Company over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salt-lake-city-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Carrington Mortgage Services LLC denied 58.4% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-carrington-mortgage-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA metro, your FHA application has a 5.5% chance of denial at Movement Mortgage LLC and 29.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kingsport-bristol-bristol-tn-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.89x small-loan penalty in South Dakota in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-sd-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Oklahoma City, OK metro, apply to United Wholesale Mortgage (23.8% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (39.8%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oklahoma-city-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Durham-Chapel Hill, NC metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 25.9% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 30.4% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-durham-chapel-hill-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 16.7pp gap between Guild Mortgage Company and Rocket Mortgage in Colorado Springs, CO metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-colorado-springs-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 New Orleans-Metairie, LA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 3.7% to 37.3% — a gap of 33.6 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-orleans-metairie-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tallahassee, FL metro, your FHA application has a 3.7% chance of denial at Movement Mortgage LLC and 25.0% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tallahassee-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in Massachusetts, you have a 22.9% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ma-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Bakersfield, CA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 12.1% at Lennar Mortgage LLC to 33.3% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bakersfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 23.0% denial rate in Ohio according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-oh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 21.5pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Boston, MA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boston-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 20.2pp gap between Ruoff Mortgage Company and Rocket Mortgage in Terre Haute, IN metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-terre-haute-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lower LLC has a 22.3% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-lower-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The 28.6pp gap between lenders in Canton-Massillon, OH metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-canton-massillon-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 6.2% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-crosscountry-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 71.0% FHA denial rate in 2025, American Financing Corporation is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 14.5% chance of denial at Plains Commerce Bank, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-plains-commerce-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "23.6% of FHA applications in West Virginia were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-wv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Massachusetts that reached a decision in 2025 (12,621), 22.9% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ma-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Longview, TX metro span 11.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-longview-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Tallahassee, FL metro, FHA denial rates range from 3.7% to 25.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tallahassee-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 21.8% FHA denial rate in Virginia in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-va-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 25.6% of decisioned FHA applications in Pennsylvania were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-pa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Tampa, FL metro span 22.4pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tampa-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Cleveland, OH metro, apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC (6.4% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Amerisave Mortgage Company (80.1%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cleveland-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in Alaska, you have a 18.2% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ak-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Alabama were denied 39.2% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-al-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Wells Fargo BANK NA denied 48.6% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-wells-fargo-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 4.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-ark-la-tex-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Securitynational Mortgage Company is the best FHA lender in Salt Lake City, UT metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salt-lake-city-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 21.4% of the time in Kentucky.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ky-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Port St. Lucie, FL metro span 37.4pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-port-st-lucie-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The 5.2pp gap between lenders in St. Petersburg-Clearwater-Largo, FL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-petersburg-clearwater-largo-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Oklahoma City, OK metro and you have 23.8% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 39.8%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oklahoma-city-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 5.5% to 29.2% — a gap of 23.7 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kingsport-bristol-bristol-tn-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 24.0% of the time in Maine.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-me-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Kansas City, MO-KS metro should choose Fairway Independent MORT CORP over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kansas-city-mo-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 1.88x in Indiana in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-in-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "17.8% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in North Dakota ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-nd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "8.8% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Acrisure Mortgage LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-acrisure-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Detroit-Dearborn-Livonia, MI metro, your FHA application has a 24.6% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 81.6% at Amerisave Mortgage Company.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-detroit-dearborn-livonia-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Midland, TX metro is denied 1.3% of the time at one door and 13.8% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-midland-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC denied 6.2% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-crosscountry-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Lower LLC denied 22.3% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-lower-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "American Financial Network INC. rejected 15.3% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-network-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "10.9% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at The Loan Store Inc ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-the-loan-store-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Elgin, IL metro, FHA denial rates range from 10.9% to 25.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-elgin-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN metro is denied 3.1% of the time at one door and 24.5% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nashville-davidson-murfreesboro-franklin-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Las Cruces, NM metro, the same FHA application faces a 15.5% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 27.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-cruces-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Philadelphia, PA metro should choose Crosscountry Mortgage LLC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-philadelphia-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Freedom Mortgage Corporation: in 2025 it denied 19.9% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-freedom-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA metro, apply to Guild Mortgage Company (5.0% denial rate in 2025) and avoid United Wholesale Mortgage (28.5%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-scranton-wilkes-barre-hazleton-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "22.7% of all home loans in Kansas were denied in 2025.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ks-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA metro should choose Movement Mortgage LLC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-seattle-bellevue-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Stricter lending standards caused Georgia's 2025 FHA denial rate of 24.7%.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ga-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 22.5% FHA denial rate in Indiana in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-in-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Huntington National Bank will be denied with 26.3% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-huntington-national-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in West Virginia that reached a decision in 2025 (6,840), 23.6% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-wv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 12.8% FHA denial rate in 2025, American Pacific Mortgage Corporation is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-pacific-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Idaho were denied 53.4% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-id-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Frederick-Gaithersburg-Rockville, MD metro should choose Freedom Mortgage Corporation over Newrez LLC.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-frederick-gaithersburg-rockville-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Lakeview Community Capital denied 1.8% of its 2,957 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-community-capital-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA metro, apply to NEW American Funding LLC. (13.1% denial rate in 2025) and avoid United Wholesale Mortgage (29.7%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-des-moines-west-des-moines-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Utah were denied 53.8% of the time against 13.9% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 3.87x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ut-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Oklahoma will be rejected 35.0% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ok-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.9% of decisioned FHA applications in Alabama were denied, so Alabama is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-al-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in South Carolina that reached a decision in 2025 (32,368), 21.2% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-sc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "27.5% of FHA applications in Illinois were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-il-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 2026 FHA four-unit high-cost ceiling is $2,402,625 (HUD ML 2025-23).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:fha-forward-loan-limits-2026", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "18.1% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Prosperity HOME Mortgage LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-prosperity-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Carrington Mortgage Services LLC will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 58.4%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-carrington-mortgage-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "NVR Mortgage Finance INC. has a 34.0% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-nvr-mortgage-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Expect a 17.8% likelihood of denial on your FHA loan in Puerto Rico in 2025.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-pr-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Arlington-Alexandria-Reston, VA-WV metro is denied 13.4% of the time at one door and 36.8% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-arlington-alexandria-reston-va-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Raleigh, NC metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 14.0% to 29.1% — a gap of 15.1 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-raleigh-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 26.5% denial rate in Wisconsin according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-wi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 22.9% FHA denial rate in Massachusetts in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ma-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The FHA four-unit high-cost ceiling is $2,402,625.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "frc:rule:fha-forward-loan-limits-2026", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine_needs_qualifier", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Fairway Independent MORT CORP's 8.3% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-fairway-independent-mort-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA metro, FHA denial rates range from 21.5% to 76.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-atlanta-sandy-springs-roswell-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX metro, FHA denial rates range from 16.5% to 25.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-houston-the-woodlands-sugar-land-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "West Virginia denied 23.6% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-wv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI metro and you have 19.8% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 28.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-grand-rapids-wyoming-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "17.7% of FHA applications in Nevada were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-nv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 2.7% FHA denial rate in 2025, Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-vanderbilt-mortgage-and-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL metro, FHA denial rates range from 16.5% to 69.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-orlando-kissimmee-sanford-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Virginia will be rejected 41.2% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-va-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in El Paso, TX metro span 6.7pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-el-paso-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in St. Petersburg-Clearwater-Largo, FL metro is denied 19.5% of the time at one door and 24.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-petersburg-clearwater-largo-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 15.2% of decisioned FHA applications in Utah were denied, so Utah is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ut-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Guaranteed RATE INC. turned down 13.5% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-guaranteed-rate-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In York-Hanover, PA metro, the same FHA application faces a 8.5% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 30.8% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-york-hanover-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "NVR Mortgage Finance INC.'s 36.8% FHA denial rate in Arlington-Alexandria-Reston, VA-WV metro in 2025, against Freedom Mortgage Corporation's 13.4%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-arlington-alexandria-reston-va-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 48.9pp gap between lenders in Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, MI metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warren-troy-farmington-hills-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Wichita, KS metro is denied 4.9% of the time at one door and 28.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wichita-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 7.0% FHA denial rate in 2025, Gold Star Mortgage Financial Group Corporation is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-gold-star-mortgage-financial-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lennar Mortgage LLC denied 22.9% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-lennar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Vermont that reached a decision in 2025 (1,001), 27.4% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-vt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Durham-Chapel Hill, NC metro is denied 25.9% of the time at one door and 30.4% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-durham-chapel-hill-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA metro should choose Ocmbc INC. over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-riverside-san-bernardino-ontario-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "27.4% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Michigan ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-mi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 22.9% of the time at Pennymac LOAN Services LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-pennymac-loan-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 4.3% chance of denial at Canopy Mortgage LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-canopy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Toledo, OH metro, FHA denial rates range from 5.8% to 30.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-toledo-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Homeamerican Mortgage Corporation denied 12.9% of its 2,106 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-homeamerican-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group that reached a decision in 2025 (3,145), 3.6% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-atlantic-bay-mortgage-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Arkansas's 21.1% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ar-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The denial rate for FHA in Rhode Island stands at 21.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ri-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Visalia-Porterville, CA metro and you have 4.9% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 17.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-visalia-porterville-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 9.1pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Rocket Mortgage in Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-grand-rapids-wyoming-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Financing Corporation's strict credit overlays caused its 71.0% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Vallejo-Fairfield, CA metro, your FHA application has a 19.4% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 27.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-vallejo-fairfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "14.3% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Amerihome Mortgage Company LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-amerihome-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.17x small-loan penalty in West Virginia in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wv-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 5.6% at Guild Mortgage Company to 66.9% at American Financing Corporation in 2025 because American Financing Corporation applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-denver-aurora-lakewood-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guild Mortgage Company is the best FHA lender in Reno, NV metro; United Wholesale Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reno-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Rockingham County-Strafford County, NH metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 24.0% to 25.7% — a gap of 1.7 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-rockingham-county-strafford-county-nh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in Oregon denied 18.2% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-or-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Nationstar Mortgage denies 26.5% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-nationstar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Monroe, MI metro, apply to American Financial Network INC. (3.3% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (30.6%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-monroe-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage is the best FHA lender in Stockton-Lodi, CA metro; Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-stockton-lodi-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Newark, NJ-PA metro, your FHA application has a 8.8% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 31.0% at Pennymac LOAN Services LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-newark-nj-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 2.35x small-loan penalty in Oklahoma in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ok-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 53.1pp gap between lenders in Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-orlando-kissimmee-sanford-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Ameris Bank and expect 10.2% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-ameris-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 23.7% of decisioned FHA applications in New Hampshire were denied (3,399 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-nh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group is the best FHA lender in Roanoke, VA metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-roanoke-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Primelending will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 9.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-primelending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Stockton Mortgage Corporation will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 16.3%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-stockton-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 3.0% of the time at Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd..", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-highlands-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Expect a 21.4% likelihood of denial on your FHA loan in Kentucky in 2025.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-ky-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 9.8pp gap between KBHS HOME Loans LLC and Lennar Mortgage LLC in San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX metro shows Lennar Mortgage LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-antonio-new-braunfels-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Boston, MA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 8.5% to 30.0% — a gap of 21.5 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boston-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "CMG Mortgage INC denies 6.2% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-cmg-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, CMG Mortgage INC denied 6.2% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-cmg-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, First Community Mortgage INC. denied 9.5% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-first-community-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Guild Mortgage Company turned down 6.9% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-guild-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 25.1% of mortgage applications in Delaware were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-de-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Movement Mortgage LLC in Tuscaloosa, AL metro and you have 1.8% odds of denial; at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. your odds are 25.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tuscaloosa-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 14.3% at Freedom Mortgage Corporation to 26.8% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-louisville-jefferson-county-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Loandepot.com LLC's 30.0% FHA denial rate in Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, SC metro in 2025, against DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 19.8%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greenville-anderson-mauldin-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 24.9% FHA denial rate in New Jersey in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-nj-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Frederick-Gaithersburg-Rockville, MD metro is denied 18.6% of the time at one door and 66.0% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-frederick-gaithersburg-rockville-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.61x small-loan penalty in New Mexico in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nm-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 30.0pp gap between FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. and Rocket Mortgage in Peoria, IL metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-peoria-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "M&T BANK's strict credit overlays caused its 32.6% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-mandt-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Village Capital & Investment denied 33.3% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-village-capital-and-investment-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage is the best FHA lender in Fort Worth-Arlington, TX metro; DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-worth-arlington-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Top Flite Financial Inc. will be denied with 15.2% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-top-flite-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 4.5pp gap between lenders in Durham-Chapel Hill, NC metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-durham-chapel-hill-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 40.0% chance of denial at Regions BANK, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-regions-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 49.4% FHA denial rate in 2025, Better Mortgage Corporation is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-better-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL metro span 24.9pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-naples-immokalee-marco-island-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at CMG Mortgage INC in Portland-South Portland, ME metro and you have 11.9% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 35.5%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-south-portland-me-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in New Mexico, you have a 22.3% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-nm-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in West Virginia are denied 34.0% of the time against 15.7% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wv-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA metro span 23.5pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-scranton-wilkes-barre-hazleton-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC metro, the same FHA application faces a 1.3% denial rate at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group and 24.3% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hickory-lenoir-morganton-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 15.2% of mortgage applications in Utah were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ut-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In San Diego-Carlsbad, CA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 0.8% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 56.9% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC in 2025 because Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-diego-carlsbad-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in New Hampshire were denied 63.3% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nh-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL metro span 9.7pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-palm-bay-melbourne-titusville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Punta Gorda, FL metro, the same FHA application faces a 23.3% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 43.3% at Lennar Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-punta-gorda-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.7% of FHA applications in California were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ca-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 20.4% at Freedom Mortgage Corporation to 30.1% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-palm-bay-melbourne-titusville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend First Colony Mortgage Corporat for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 5.6%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-first-colony-mortgage-corporat-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Amerihome Mortgage Company LLC for FHA financing, since it denied 14.3% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-amerihome-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD metro is denied 19.2% of the time at one door and 30.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baltimore-columbia-towson-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Kansas City, MO-KS metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 6.5% at Fairway Independent MORT CORP to 27.3% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kansas-city-mo-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 8.2pp gap between lenders in Homosassa Springs, FL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-homosassa-springs-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Paramount Residential Mortgage in Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach, FL metro and you have 5.2% odds of denial; at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC your odds are 74.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-lauderdale-pompano-beach-deerfield-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 23.0% FHA denial rate in Ohio in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-oh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Pennymac LOAN Services LLC denied 22.9% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-pennymac-loan-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "17.8% of FHA applications in North Dakota were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-nd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 27.3pp gap between lenders in Winston-Salem, NC metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-winston-salem-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group will be denied with 3.6% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-atlantic-bay-mortgage-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Huntington National Bank's FHA denial rate is 26.3%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-huntington-national-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 15.8% at NEW American Funding LLC. to 27.5% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-davenport-moline-rock-island-ia-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Shreveport-Bossier City, LA metro, your FHA application has a 1.5% chance of denial at Movement Mortgage LLC and 37.3% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-shreveport-bossier-city-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Shreveport-Bossier City, LA metro, apply to Movement Mortgage LLC (1.5% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (37.3%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-shreveport-bossier-city-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Nassau County-Suffolk County, NY metro, the same FHA application faces a 13.8% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 69.9% at Newrez LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nassau-county-suffolk-county-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Springfield, MA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 7.5% at CMG Mortgage INC to 30.7% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Oregon turned down 18.2% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-or-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 22.6% FHA denial rate in Gainesville, FL metro in 2025, against DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 13.0%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "17.6% of FHA loans in Wyoming get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-wy-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL metro, apply to NEW American Funding LLC. (15.8% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (27.5%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-davenport-moline-rock-island-ia-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In St. Louis, MO-IL metro, your FHA application has a 7.3% chance of denial at Guild Mortgage Company and 27.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-louis-mo-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Boston, MA metro is denied 8.5% of the time at one door and 30.0% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boston-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 5.2% FHA denial rate in 2025, M/I Financial. LLC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-m-i-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Delaware that reached a decision in 2025 (5,270), 25.1% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-de-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Colorado Springs, CO metro, your FHA application has a 4.7% chance of denial at Guild Mortgage Company and 21.4% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-colorado-springs-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Columbus, GA-AL metro and you have 17.6% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 27.3%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-ga-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guild Mortgage Company has a 6.9% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-guild-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Greensboro-High Point, NC metro, the same FHA application faces a 2.2% denial rate at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group and 29.0% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greensboro-high-point-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR metro is denied 0.6% of the time at one door and 31.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-little-rock-north-little-rock-conway-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL metro, your FHA application has a 11.8% chance of denial at Lennar Mortgage LLC and 31.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pensacola-ferry-pass-brent-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Fort Wayne, IN metro should choose Ruoff Mortgage Company over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-wayne-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 33.9% FHA denial rate in Mobile, AL metro in 2025, against DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 24.7%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mobile-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is the best FHA lender in Gainesville, FL metro; United Wholesale Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Midland, TX metro, your FHA application has a 1.3% chance of denial at Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd. and 13.8% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-midland-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Towne Mortgage Company will be denied with 5.5% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-towne-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Us Bank, N.A. denied 23.5% of its 2,596 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-us-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in New Hampshire, you have a 23.7% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-nh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ metro; United Wholesale Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-allentown-bethlehem-easton-pa-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "9.5% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at First Community Mortgage INC. ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-first-community-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 30.8% FHA denial rate in Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 23.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-crestview-fort-walton-beach-destin-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Providence-Warwick, RI-MA metro, FHA denial rates range from 2.8% to 28.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-providence-warwick-ri-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Rockingham County-Strafford County, NH metro should choose Rocket Mortgage over United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-rockingham-county-strafford-county-nh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in New York were denied 34.5% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ny-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Fayetteville, NC metro, the same FHA application faces a 20.1% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 24.9% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guaranteed RATE INC.'s 13.5% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-guaranteed-rate-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 11.2pp gap between Freedom Mortgage Corporation and Rocket Mortgage in Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hartford-west-hartford-east-hartford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "21.7% of FHA loans in California get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ca-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 18.1% of the time at Prosperity HOME Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-prosperity-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH metro should choose Movement Mortgage LLC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntington-ashland-wv-ky-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 15.2pp gap between Guild Mortgage Company and United Wholesale Mortgage in Reno, NV metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reno-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Loanunited.com LLC denies 24.8% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-loanunitedcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Everett, WA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 23.7% to 36.2% — a gap of 12.5 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 47.4pp gap between lenders in Frederick-Gaithersburg-Rockville, MD metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-frederick-gaithersburg-rockville-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 5.2% chance of denial at M/I Financial. LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-m-i-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Salem, OR metro, FHA denial rates range from 5.2% to 20.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salem-or-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 28.9% FHA denial rate in Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ metro in 2025, against Freedom Mortgage Corporation's 21.6%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-de-md-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "24.8% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Loanunited.com LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-loanunitedcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Everett Financial INC.'s 10.2% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-everett-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Fort Wayne, IN metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 9.8% to 32.3% — a gap of 22.5 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-wayne-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 15.2% chance of denial at Top Flite Financial Inc., according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-top-flite-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 25.5% FHA denial rate in Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX metro in 2025, against Loandepot.com LLC's 16.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-houston-the-woodlands-sugar-land-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC is the best FHA lender in Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN metro; Lennar Mortgage LLC is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-indianapolis-carmel-anderson-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ metro is denied 5.9% of the time at one door and 26.3% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-allentown-bethlehem-easton-pa-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd. turned down 3.0% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-highlands-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 11.1% FHA denial rate in 2025, Nations Lending Corporation is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-nations-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Provo-Orem, UT metro is denied 2.6% of the time at one door and 17.0% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-provo-orem-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "17.8% of all home loans in Puerto Rico were denied in 2025.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-pr-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 30.5pp gap between FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. and Rocket Mortgage in Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-little-rock-north-little-rock-conway-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Calcon Mutual Mortgage LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (2,013), 24.2% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-calcon-mutual-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Mutual Of Omaha Mortgage rejected 42.1% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-mutual-of-omaha-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 16.3% of the time at Stockton Mortgage Corporation.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-stockton-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Vallejo-Fairfield, CA metro should choose United Wholesale Mortgage over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-vallejo-fairfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "20.5% of FHA applications in Tennessee were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-tn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "NEW American Funding LLC. is the best FHA lender, with a 26.9% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-new-american-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT metro span 11.4pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bridgeport-stamford-norwalk-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Virginia, the small-loan penalty is 2.18x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-va-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Jacksonville, FL metro, apply to Lennar Mortgage LLC (16.5% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (31.8%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jacksonville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Mutual Of Omaha Mortgage denied 42.1% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-mutual-of-omaha-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, NEW American Funding LLC. denied 26.9% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-new-american-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Greensboro-High Point, NC metro is denied 2.2% of the time at one door and 29.0% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greensboro-high-point-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In North Dakota, the small-loan penalty is 2.61x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nd-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 24.2% of the time in Maryland.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-md-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Corpus Christi, TX metro, FHA denial rates range from 13.6% to 26.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-corpus-christi-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid First Colony Mortgage Corporat: in 2025 it denied 5.6% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-first-colony-mortgage-corporat-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC rejected 4.6% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-ark-la-tex-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL metro and you have 5.0% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 29.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-naples-immokalee-marco-island-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 73.7pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Amerisave Mortgage Company in Cleveland, OH metro shows Amerisave Mortgage Company is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cleveland-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 6.5% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 25.8% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cincinnati-oh-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Flint, MI metro should choose United Wholesale Mortgage over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-flint-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in California denied 21.7% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ca-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "20.2% of FHA applications in Missouri were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-mo-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Ruoff Mortgage Company turned down 9.4% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-ruoff-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 12.4% chance of denial at Zillow HOME Loans LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-zillow-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 24.9pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and United Wholesale Mortgage in Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-naples-immokalee-marco-island-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 35.5% of the time at Goodleap LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-goodleap-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Nations Lending Corporation will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 11.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-nations-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 12.9% of the time at Homeamerican Mortgage Corporation.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-homeamerican-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Reading, PA metro and you have 3.5% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 35.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reading-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Mobile, AL metro should choose DHI Mortgage Company LTD. over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mobile-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Portland-South Portland, ME metro, your FHA application has a 11.9% chance of denial at CMG Mortgage INC and 35.5% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-south-portland-me-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, NVR Mortgage Finance INC. turned down 34.0% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-nvr-mortgage-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 25.8% FHA denial rate in Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 6.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cincinnati-oh-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 42.2% chance of denial at Jpmorgan Chase Bank NA, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-jpmorgan-chase-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "American Financial Resources LLC's 10.4% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.8% of mortgage applications in Mississippi were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ms-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 6.2% FHA denial rate in 2025, Crosscountry Mortgage LLC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-crosscountry-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Oregon are denied 53.4% of the time against 15.7% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-or-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Geneva Financial LLC is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 3.6% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-geneva-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Louisiana, you have a 39.1% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-la-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC. unlawfully denied 26.8% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-taylor-morrison-home-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 9.0pp gap between lenders in Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-houston-the-woodlands-sugar-land-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. in Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO metro and you have 0.6% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 23.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-springdale-rogers-ar-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Stockton Mortgage Corporation denied 16.3% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-stockton-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 21.5pp gap between lenders in Boston, MA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boston-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Las Cruces, NM metro and you have 15.5% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 27.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-cruces-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, CA metro, apply to United Wholesale Mortgage (27.5% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC (57.6%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oakland-hayward-berkeley-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL metro is denied 19.2% of the time at one door and 41.4% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-north-port-sarasota-bradenton-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in South Carolina were denied 40.0% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-sc-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Velocio Mortgage L.l.c. for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 4.0%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-velocio-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Lakeview Loan Servicing, Llc denied 57.0% of its 22,734 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-loan-servicing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lakewood-New Brunswick, NJ metro, your FHA application has a 7.5% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 27.9% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakewood-new-brunswick-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Montgomery, AL metro, your FHA application has a 2.7% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 29.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Missouri will be rejected 33.0% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mo-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Canton-Massillon, OH metro is denied 4.3% of the time at one door and 32.9% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-canton-massillon-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 78.7% of the time at Amerisave Mortgage Company.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-amerisave-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ruoff Mortgage Company rejected 9.4% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-ruoff-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC.'s 41.4% FHA denial rate in North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL metro in 2025, against DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 19.2%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-north-port-sarasota-bradenton-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Idaho's 15.0% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-id-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Ocala, FL metro span 26.9pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ocala-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Huntington National Bank will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 26.3%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-huntington-national-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Indiana that reached a decision in 2025 (34,392), 22.5% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-in-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 25.7% FHA denial rate in Tuscaloosa, AL metro in 2025, against Movement Mortgage LLC's 1.8%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tuscaloosa-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 33.2pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Loandepot.com LLC in Birmingham-Hoover, AL metro shows Loandepot.com LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-birmingham-hoover-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 3.23x small-loan penalty in New Hampshire in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nh-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC metro span 23.0pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hickory-lenoir-morganton-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "NVR Mortgage Finance INC. denies 34.0% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-nvr-mortgage-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Nationstar Mortgage denied 26.5% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-nationstar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Vermont will be rejected 46.5% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-vt-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 19.2% at Freedom Mortgage Corporation to 30.1% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baltimore-columbia-towson-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The denial rate for FHA in Mississippi stands at 24.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ms-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 13.7% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 33.1% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albany-schenectady-troy-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Kansas City, MO-KS metro, apply to Fairway Independent MORT CORP (6.5% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (27.3%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kansas-city-mo-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Paramount Residential Mortgage rejected 5.8% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-paramount-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 6.2% of the time at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-crosscountry-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 24.3pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and United Wholesale Mortgage in Akron, OH metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-akron-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Columbus, GA-AL metro, the same FHA application faces a 17.6% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 27.3% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-ga-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Gateway First BANK unlawfully denied 7.7% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-gateway-first-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "32.6% of people who apply to M&T BANK for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-mandt-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "58.4% of people who apply to Carrington Mortgage Services LLC for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-carrington-mortgage-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, MI metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 5.4% to 54.3% — a gap of 48.9 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warren-troy-farmington-hills-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC has a 4.6% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-ark-la-tex-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "PennyMac denies 22.9% of applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-pennymac-loan-services-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine_needs_qualifier", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 12.8% of the time at American Pacific Mortgage Corporation.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-american-pacific-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Texas were denied 27.0% of the time against 14.9% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 1.81x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-tx-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 23.0pp gap between lenders in Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hagerstown-martinsburg-md-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Movement Mortgage LLC's strict credit overlays caused its 5.8% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-movement-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Newrez LLC will be denied with 52.8% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-newrez-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC denied 2.7% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-vanderbilt-mortgage-and-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.9% of decisioned FHA applications in Iowa were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ia-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR metro should choose FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-little-rock-north-little-rock-conway-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Homosassa Springs, FL metro is denied 22.9% of the time at one door and 31.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-homosassa-springs-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Stockton Mortgage Corporation's 16.3% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-stockton-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.8% of decisioned FHA applications in Mississippi were denied, so Mississippi is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ms-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "22.1% of FHA applications in Minnesota were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-mn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 15.3% chance of denial at American Financial Network INC., according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-network-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Gainesville, FL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 13.0% to 22.6% — a gap of 9.6 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Florida, the small-loan penalty is 2.19x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-fl-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Colorado were denied 46.3% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-co-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 27.6% chance of denial at Kind Lending LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-kind-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 26.4% at Rocket Mortgage to 31.0% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in 2025 because DHI Mortgage Company LTD. applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-daphne-fairhope-foley-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 24.0pp gap between lenders in Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-omaha-council-bluffs-ne-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Utah are denied 53.8% of the time against 13.9% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ut-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in Oklahoma, you have a 20.1% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ok-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in Minnesota denied 22.1% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-mn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "27.5% of all home loans in Illinois were denied in 2025.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-il-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY metro should choose Crosscountry Mortgage LLC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-buffalo-cheektowaga-niagara-falls-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to NEW American Funding LLC. that reached a decision in 2025 (25,231), 26.9% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-new-american-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA metro span 10.0pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-anaheim-santa-ana-irvine-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 10.9% chance of denial at The Loan Store Inc, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-the-loan-store-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.35x small-loan penalty in Alabama in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-al-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 23.5% chance of denial at US BANK N.A., according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-us-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Charleston-North Charleston, SC metro, your FHA application has a 17.3% chance of denial at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 27.0% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charleston-north-charleston-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at SUN WEST Mortgage Company INC will be denied with 20.2% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-sun-west-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI metro, your FHA application has a 19.8% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 28.9% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-grand-rapids-wyoming-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Flagstar Bank NA denied 40.7% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-flagstar-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 9.6pp gap between DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and United Wholesale Mortgage in Gainesville, FL metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Greensboro-High Point, NC metro span 26.8pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greensboro-high-point-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 30.2% FHA denial rate in Chattanooga, TN-GA metro in 2025, against CMG Mortgage INC's 5.0%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chattanooga-tn-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, MA metro; United Wholesale Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cambridge-newton-framingham-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 20.2% of decisioned FHA applications in Missouri were denied (25,098 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-mo-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group rejected 3.6% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-atlantic-bay-mortgage-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Reading, PA metro, FHA denial rates range from 3.5% to 35.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reading-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 16.3% chance of denial at Stockton Mortgage Corporation, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-stockton-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd. is the best FHA lender in Midland, TX metro; DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-midland-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "American Financial Network INC. denied 15.3% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-network-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 20.4pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and United Wholesale Mortgage in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-allentown-bethlehem-easton-pa-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Maine lenders unlawfully denied 24.0% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-me-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Equity Prime Mortgage LLC will be denied with 20.5% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-equity-prime-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Frederick-Gaithersburg-Rockville, MD metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 18.6% at Freedom Mortgage Corporation to 66.0% at Newrez LLC in 2025 because Newrez LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-frederick-gaithersburg-rockville-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Peoria, IL metro span 30.0pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-peoria-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Washington were denied 56.7% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wa-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Canopy Mortgage LLC's strict credit overlays caused its 4.3% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-canopy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Michigan, you have a 35.8% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mi-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 2.7% of the time at Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-vanderbilt-mortgage-and-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 26.6pp gap between Movement Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-seattle-bellevue-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. in Springfield, MO metro and you have 0.5% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 35.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Ogden-Clearfield, UT metro span 26.5pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ogden-clearfield-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.1% of all home loans in Arkansas were denied in 2025.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ar-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "26.7% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Connecticut ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ct-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 30.1% FHA denial rate in Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 7.1%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hagerstown-martinsburg-md-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Akron, OH metro, your FHA application has a 2.8% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 27.1% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-akron-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Dayton-Kettering, OH metro, your FHA application has a 3.8% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 26.8% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dayton-kettering-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Securitynational Mortgage Company is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 14.0% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-securitynational-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Lennar Mortgage LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (25,525), 22.9% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-lennar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Lakewood-New Brunswick, NJ metro and you have 7.5% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 27.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakewood-new-brunswick-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.8% of FHA applications in Virginia were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-va-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Yuma, AZ metro and you have 3.5% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 17.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-yuma-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Knoxville, TN metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 12.3% to 23.6% — a gap of 11.3 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-knoxville-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 21.6% of the time in Colorado.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-co-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Panama City, FL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 23.2% to 24.7% — a gap of 1.5 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-panama-city-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 35.8% FHA denial rate in Tulsa, OK metro in 2025, against FLAT Branch Mortgage INC.'s 1.7%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tulsa-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tucson, AZ metro, the same FHA application faces a 4.7% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 38.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tucson-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ metro, apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC (7.4% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Newrez LLC (70.8%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-york-jersey-city-white-plains-ny-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Click N' Close Inc. is the best FHA lender in Tampa, FL metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tampa-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Provo-Orem, UT metro, your FHA application has a 2.6% chance of denial at First Colony Mortgage Corporat and 17.0% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-provo-orem-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Flint, MI metro span 14.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-flint-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in North Carolina are denied 21.8% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-nc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 64.0pp gap between lenders in West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach, FL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-west-palm-beach-boca-raton-delray-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In New Hampshire, the small-loan penalty is 3.23x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nh-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Longview, TX metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 3.6% to 14.8% — a gap of 11.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-longview-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, KBHS HOME Loans LLC turned down 12.2% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-kbhs-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 35.2% FHA denial rate in Chicago-Naperville-Evanston, IL metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 9.0%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chicago-naperville-evanston-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Dayton-Kettering, OH metro should choose Crosscountry Mortgage LLC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dayton-kettering-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "12.0% of people who apply to Cardinal Financial Company LI for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-cardinal-financial-li-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.6% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Colorado ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-co-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "California denied 21.7% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ca-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, MI metro should choose Union HOME Mortgage Corp. over Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warren-troy-farmington-hills-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 21.8% denial rate in Rhode Island in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ri-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 7.3pp gap between Freedom Mortgage Corporation and United Wholesale Mortgage in Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-de-md-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Springfield, MO metro should choose FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 17.8% of the time in North Dakota.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-nd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in New Jersey that reached a decision in 2025 (24,688), 24.9% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-nj-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In New Orleans-Metairie, LA metro, your FHA application has a 3.7% chance of denial at Movement Mortgage LLC and 37.3% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-orleans-metairie-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 8.2pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Rocket Mortgage in Homosassa Springs, FL metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-homosassa-springs-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY metro, your FHA application has a 3.2% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 30.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-buffalo-cheektowaga-niagara-falls-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Fairway Independent MORT CORP denied 8.3% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-fairway-independent-mort-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Expect a 27.4% likelihood of denial on your FHA loan in Vermont in 2025.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-vt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Ixonia Bank will be denied with 6.7% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-ixonia-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Yuma, AZ metro, FHA denial rates range from 3.5% to 17.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-yuma-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Guaranteed RATE INC. for FHA financing, since it denied 13.5% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-guaranteed-rate-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "20.2% of people who apply to SUN WEST Mortgage Company INC for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-sun-west-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 17.9% at Freedom Mortgage Corporation to 29.1% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hartford-west-hartford-east-hartford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC for FHA financing, since it denied 4.6% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-ark-la-tex-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 5.5% chance of denial at Towne Mortgage Company, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-towne-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Bakersfield, CA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 12.1% to 33.3% — a gap of 21.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bakersfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 16.6% to 27.9% — a gap of 11.3 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dallas-plano-irving-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, M&T BANK turned down 32.6% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-mandt-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 4.6pp gap between lenders in Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-daphne-fairhope-foley-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Nebraska, you have a 38.5% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ne-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Velocio Mortgage L.l.c. turned down 4.0% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-velocio-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 0.9% to 20.5% — a gap of 19.6 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spokane-spokane-valley-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Odessa, TX metro, your FHA application has a 1.8% chance of denial at Cardinal Financial Company LI and 16.1% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-odessa-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.8% of decisioned FHA applications in Rhode Island were denied (3,736 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ri-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 3.2% to 30.2% — a gap of 27.0 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-buffalo-cheektowaga-niagara-falls-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 27.5% FHA denial rate in Illinois in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-il-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Columbus, OH metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 3.4% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 34.1% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 31.1% FHA denial rate in Homosassa Springs, FL metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 22.9%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-homosassa-springs-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA metro is denied 20.2% of the time at one door and 53.3% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-sacramento-roseville-arden-arcade-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Union HOME Mortgage Corp. in Toledo, OH metro and you have 5.8% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 30.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-toledo-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "T2 Financial LLC will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 9.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-t2-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Frederick-Gaithersburg-Rockville, MD metro, your FHA application has a 18.6% chance of denial at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 66.0% at Newrez LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-frederick-gaithersburg-rockville-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 York-Hanover, PA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 8.5% to 30.8% — a gap of 22.3 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-york-hanover-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tuscaloosa, AL metro, the same FHA application faces a 1.8% denial rate at Movement Mortgage LLC and 25.7% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tuscaloosa-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC metro span 19.8pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-virginia-beach-norfolk-newport-news-va-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO metro, the same FHA application faces a 5.6% denial rate at Guild Mortgage Company and 66.9% at American Financing Corporation.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-denver-aurora-lakewood-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, SUN WEST Mortgage Company INC denied 20.2% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-sun-west-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Rocket Mortgage and expect 29.8% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-rocket-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Gateway First BANK is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 7.7% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-gateway-first-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Oklahoma City, OK metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 23.8% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 39.8% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oklahoma-city-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Freedom Mortgage Corporation is the best FHA lender in Memphis, TN-MS-AR metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-memphis-tn-ms-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 24.9% FHA denial rate in New Jersey in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-nj-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 1.88x small-loan penalty in Indiana in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-in-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Union HOME Mortgage Corp. for FHA financing, since it denied 8.3% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-union-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 21.1% of the time in South Dakota.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-sd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Mississippi were denied 42.0% of the time against 16.3% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.58x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ms-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 28.5% FHA denial rate in Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA metro in 2025, against Guild Mortgage Company's 5.0%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-scranton-wilkes-barre-hazleton-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL metro is denied 14.8% of the time at one door and 70.6% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-miami-miami-beach-kendall-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Movement Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntington-ashland-wv-ky-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Idaho's small-loan penalty is 4.45x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-id-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine_needs_qualifier", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 29.7% FHA denial rate in Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA metro in 2025, against NEW American Funding LLC.'s 13.1%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-des-moines-west-des-moines-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC's 74.6% FHA denial rate in Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach, FL metro in 2025, against Paramount Residential Mortgage's 5.2%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-lauderdale-pompano-beach-deerfield-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Missouri that reached a decision in 2025 (25,098), 20.2% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-mo-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "26.7% of FHA loans in Connecticut get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ct-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Carrington Mortgage Services LLC's strict credit overlays caused its 58.4% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-carrington-mortgage-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 27.5% of the time in Illinois.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-il-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 17.8% denial rate in Puerto Rico according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-pr-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL metro span 22.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-north-port-sarasota-bradenton-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 1.45x small-loan penalty in New York in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ny-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Illinois will be rejected 35.1% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-il-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 21.2pp gap between Lennar Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Bakersfield, CA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bakersfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in New Orleans-Metairie, LA metro span 33.6pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-orleans-metairie-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 31.1% FHA denial rate in Warner Robins, GA metro in 2025, against Guild Mortgage Company's 4.7%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warner-robins-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Winston-Salem, NC metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 0.4% to 27.7% — a gap of 27.3 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-winston-salem-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "25.1% of FHA applications in Delaware were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-de-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Austin-Round Rock, TX metro, your FHA application has a 3.4% chance of denial at CMG Mortgage INC and 26.4% at Lennar Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-austin-round-rock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Boise City, ID metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 2.8% to 16.2% — a gap of 13.4 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boise-city-id-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Pennsylvania that reached a decision in 2025 (36,278), 25.6% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-pa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Inspire Home Loans Inc. rejected 15.7% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-inspire-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in New Mexico denied 22.3% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-nm-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 27.5% denial rate in Illinois in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-il-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to KBHS HOME Loans LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (3,918), 12.2% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-kbhs-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC metro, apply to Guild Mortgage Company (9.0% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (27.3%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-augusta-richmond-county-ga-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in North Dakota that reached a decision in 2025 (2,063), 17.8% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-nd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Reading, PA metro, your FHA application has a 3.5% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 35.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reading-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Acrisure Mortgage LLC for an FHA loan, you have a 8.8% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-acrisure-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lafayette, LA metro, the same FHA application faces a 17.0% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 35.7% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lafayette-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 6.4% at Movement Mortgage LLC to 33.0% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-seattle-bellevue-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Based on the 2025 record, you will probably be denied in Connecticut: the rate is 26.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-ct-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 23.9pp gap between lenders in Tuscaloosa, AL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tuscaloosa-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Montana that reached a decision in 2025 (3,031), 21.4% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-mt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS metro, the same FHA application faces a 7.4% denial rate at CMG Mortgage INC and 28.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gulfport-biloxi-pascagoula-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in Florida denied 24.5% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-fl-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Kennewick-Richland, WA metro is denied 0.6% of the time at one door and 21.9% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kennewick-richland-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Ruoff Mortgage Company that reached a decision in 2025 (3,041), 9.4% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-ruoff-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA metro, FHA denial rates range from 9.1% to 33.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-omaha-council-bluffs-ne-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 20.2% of decisioned FHA applications in Missouri were denied, so Missouri is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-mo-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, the District of Columbia lenders unlawfully denied 29.6% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-dc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Kansas, you have a 33.5% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ks-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Synergy One Lending Inc. will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 10.8%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-synergy-one-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 11.9pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and NVR Mortgage Finance INC. in Spartanburg, SC metro shows NVR Mortgage Finance INC. is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spartanburg-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Avoid Everett Financial INC.: in 2025 it denied 10.2% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-everett-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 21.8% denial rate in North Carolina in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-nc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 17.7% of the time in Nevada.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-nv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 27.4% FHA denial rate in Michigan in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-mi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 21.7% to 35.3% — a gap of 13.6 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakeland-winter-haven-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The VA funding fee for a first-use purchase with less than 5% down is 2.15%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "frc:rule:va-funding-fee-2023-04-07", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine_needs_qualifier", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY metro span 27.0pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-buffalo-cheektowaga-niagara-falls-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid American Neighborhood Mortgage Acceptance Company: in 2025 it denied 4.6% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-american-neighborhood-mortgage-acceptance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "4.1% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at NFM INC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-nfm-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL metro, the same FHA application faces a 19.2% denial rate at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 41.4% at Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC..", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-north-port-sarasota-bradenton-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Velocio Mortgage L.l.c.'s strict credit overlays caused its 4.0% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-velocio-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 1.7% to 41.1% — a gap of 39.4 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-youngstown-warren-boardman-oh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Columbus, GA-AL metro should choose United Wholesale Mortgage over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-ga-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 23.0pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Dayton-Kettering, OH metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dayton-kettering-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC: in 2025 it denied 2.7% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-vanderbilt-mortgage-and-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 22.4pp gap between Freedom Mortgage Corporation and NVR Mortgage Finance INC. in Richmond, VA metro shows NVR Mortgage Finance INC. is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-richmond-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Rockingham County-Strafford County, NH metro is denied 24.0% of the time at one door and 25.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-rockingham-county-strafford-county-nh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Rocket Mortgage in Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL metro and you have 26.4% odds of denial; at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. your odds are 31.0%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-daphne-fairhope-foley-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, SC metro, FHA denial rates range from 19.8% to 30.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greenville-anderson-mauldin-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Laredo, TX metro, FHA denial rates range from 6.5% to 13.4%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-laredo-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid American Financing Corporation: in 2025 it denied 71.0% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 21.7% denial rate in California in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ca-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Peoria, IL metro, apply to FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. (2.2% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (32.2%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-peoria-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Monroe, MI metro, the same FHA application faces a 3.3% denial rate at American Financial Network INC. and 30.6% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-monroe-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to DAS Acquisition Company LLC for an FHA loan, you have a 4.7% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-das-acquisition-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC. has a 26.8% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-taylor-morrison-home-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 22.0pp gap between lenders in Roanoke, VA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-roanoke-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.3% of decisioned FHA applications in New Mexico were denied, so New Mexico is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-nm-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 18.7% of decisioned FHA applications in Arizona were denied, so Arizona is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-az-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Mississippi lenders unlawfully denied 24.8% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ms-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "6.7% of people who apply to Ixonia Bank for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-ixonia-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lafayette, LA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 17.0% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 35.7% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in 2025 because DHI Mortgage Company LTD. applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lafayette-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Tennessee's FHA denial rate is 20.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-tn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.9% of decisioned FHA applications in New Jersey were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-nj-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Canton-Massillon, OH metro span 28.6pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-canton-massillon-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 1.5pp gap between lenders in Panama City, FL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-panama-city-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Georgia were denied 45.1% of the time against 20.8% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.17x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ga-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. in Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR metro and you have 0.6% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 31.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-little-rock-north-little-rock-conway-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, SUN WEST Mortgage Company INC denied 20.2% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-sun-west-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Expect a 22.5% likelihood of denial on your FHA loan in Indiana in 2025.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-in-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Fairway Independent MORT CORP and expect 8.3% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-fairway-independent-mort-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 78.7% FHA denial rate in 2025, Amerisave Mortgage Company is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-amerisave-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR metro, your FHA application has a 0.6% chance of denial at FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. and 31.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-little-rock-north-little-rock-conway-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Crosscountry Mortgage LLC for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 6.2%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-crosscountry-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in Pennsylvania denied 25.6% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-pa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "T2 Financial LLC's strict credit overlays caused its 9.2% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-t2-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The HOEPA total loan amount threshold is $27,592.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "frc:rule:cfpb-hoepa-qm-thresholds-2026", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine_needs_qualifier", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Montana, the small-loan penalty is 2.86x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mt-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Flint, MI metro, your FHA application has a 15.7% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 29.9% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-flint-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "New Mexico's 22.3% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-nm-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC that reached a decision in 2025 (2,569), 2.7% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-vanderbilt-mortgage-and-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in New Haven-Milford, CT metro is denied 19.8% of the time at one door and 30.8% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-haven-milford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, United Wholesale Mortgage denied 21.4% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-united-wholesale-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Tampa, FL metro is denied 6.1% of the time at one door and 28.5% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tampa-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "4.0% of people who apply to Velocio Mortgage L.l.c. for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-velocio-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 21.3pp gap between lenders in Tallahassee, FL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tallahassee-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 29.3% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 31.2% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-kenosha-county-il-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX metro and you have 3.7% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 14.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mcallen-edinburg-mission-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, American Pacific Mortgage Corporation denied 12.8% of its 8,197 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-american-pacific-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Wilmington, NC metro, apply to Freedom Mortgage Corporation (11.6% denial rate in 2025) and avoid United Wholesale Mortgage (29.8%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Fort Worth-Arlington, TX metro, the same FHA application faces a 19.9% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 23.9% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-worth-arlington-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Mobile, AL metro, your FHA application has a 24.7% chance of denial at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 33.9% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mobile-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in West Virginia were denied 34.0% of the time against 15.7% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.17x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wv-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA metro, the same FHA application faces a 1.7% denial rate at Ixonia Bank and 41.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-youngstown-warren-boardman-oh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Georgia will be rejected 45.1% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ga-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 49.4% of the time at Better Mortgage Corporation.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-better-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA metro, apply to Freedom Mortgage Corporation (21.5% denial rate in 2025) and avoid American Financing Corporation (76.7%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-atlanta-sandy-springs-roswell-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Gold Star Mortgage Financial Group Corporation rejected 7.0% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-gold-star-mortgage-financial-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Stricter lending standards caused Illinois's 2025 FHA denial rate of 27.5%.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-il-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA metro span 22.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-vancouver-hillsboro-or-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.58x in Mississippi in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ms-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ metro span 19.7pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-havasu-city-kingman-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Homeamerican Mortgage Corporation unlawfully denied 12.9% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-homeamerican-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, First Heritage Mortgage LLC turned down 7.2% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-first-heritage-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA metro is denied 0.9% of the time at one door and 20.5% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spokane-spokane-valley-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Mississippi are denied 42.0% of the time against 16.3% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ms-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Nassau County-Suffolk County, NY metro, apply to United Wholesale Mortgage (13.8% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Newrez LLC (69.9%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nassau-county-suffolk-county-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 24.6% FHA denial rate in Louisiana in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-la-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL metro, your FHA application has a 15.8% chance of denial at NEW American Funding LLC. and 27.5% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-davenport-moline-rock-island-ia-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 10.9pp gap between lenders in McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mcallen-edinburg-mission-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Flagstar Bank NA turned down 40.7% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-flagstar-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.4% of decisioned FHA applications in Kentucky were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ky-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Goodleap LLC rejected 35.5% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-goodleap-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to SUN WEST Mortgage Company INC that reached a decision in 2025 (5,859), 20.2% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-sun-west-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Springfield, MA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 7.5% to 30.7% — a gap of 23.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Florida will be rejected 48.7% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-fl-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "You have a 22.1% chance of being denied for an FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "national-fha-denial-rate-2025", "kind": "national", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL metro, the same FHA application faces a 11.8% denial rate at Lennar Mortgage LLC and 31.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pensacola-ferry-pass-brent-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Missouri were denied 33.0% of the time against 14.4% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.29x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mo-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Jacksonville, FL metro, FHA denial rates range from 16.5% to 31.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jacksonville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Envoy Mortgage LTD unlawfully denied 42.0% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-envoy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Better Mortgage Corporation unlawfully denied 49.4% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-better-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 22.2pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Pennymac LOAN Services LLC in Newark, NJ-PA metro shows Pennymac LOAN Services LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-newark-nj-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "12.4% of people who apply to Zillow HOME Loans LLC for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-zillow-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI metro span 9.1pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-grand-rapids-wyoming-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Colorado were denied 46.3% of the time against 20.0% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.31x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-co-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 1.66x in Iowa in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ia-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Texas denied 15.7% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-tx-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In New Haven-Milford, CT metro, the same FHA application faces a 19.8% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 30.8% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-haven-milford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tacoma-Lakewood, WA metro, the same FHA application faces a 3.4% denial rate at Movement Mortgage LLC and 26.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tacoma-lakewood-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in St. Louis, MO-IL metro is denied 7.3% of the time at one door and 27.2% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-louis-mo-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.8% of decisioned FHA applications in North Carolina were denied, so North Carolina is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-nc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Mortgage Research Center for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 36.2%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-mortgage-research-center-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lower LLC's 22.3% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-lower-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 21.2% FHA denial rate in South Carolina in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-sc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Puerto Rico were denied 18.6% of the time against 15.6% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 1.19x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-pr-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Ark-La-Tex Financial Services Llc denied 4.6% of its 4,671 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-ark-la-tex-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tampa, FL metro, your FHA application has a 6.1% chance of denial at Click N' Close Inc. and 28.5% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tampa-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Guaranteed RATE INC. and expect 13.5% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-guaranteed-rate-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Premier Mortgage Resources LLC and expect 5.4% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-premier-mortgage-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 21.6% FHA denial rate in Colorado in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-co-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Equity Prime Mortgage LLC's strict credit overlays caused its 20.5% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-equity-prime-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Colorado Springs, CO metro, the same FHA application faces a 4.7% denial rate at Guild Mortgage Company and 21.4% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-colorado-springs-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, North Dakota lenders unlawfully denied 17.8% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-nd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Tuscaloosa, AL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 1.8% to 25.7% — a gap of 23.9 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tuscaloosa-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 10.2% of the time at Ameris Bank.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-ameris-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "24.5% of FHA loans in Florida get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-fl-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Oklahoma lenders unlawfully denied 20.1% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ok-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 23.9pp gap between Movement Mortgage LLC and DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Tuscaloosa, AL metro shows DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tuscaloosa-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "First Colony Mortgage Corporat denied 5.6% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-colony-mortgage-corporat-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Everett, WA metro, your FHA application has a 23.7% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 36.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, PA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 6.8% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 27.1% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-county-bucks-county-chester-county-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Velocio Mortgage L.l.c. denied 4.0% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-velocio-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 22.3% FHA denial rate in New Mexico in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-nm-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Homosassa Springs, FL metro, apply to United Wholesale Mortgage (22.9% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (31.1%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-homosassa-springs-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 35.5% FHA denial rate in Portland-South Portland, ME metro in 2025, against CMG Mortgage INC's 11.9%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-south-portland-me-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA metro is denied 23.2% of the time at one door and 33.2% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-anaheim-santa-ana-irvine-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Utah are denied 15.2% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ut-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 21.1% denial rate in Arkansas in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ar-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application in Hawaii will be rejected with 31.4% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-hi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "16.3% of people who apply to Stockton Mortgage Corporation for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-stockton-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 30.7% FHA denial rate in Springfield, MA metro in 2025, against CMG Mortgage INC's 7.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI metro, FHA denial rates range from 19.8% to 28.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-grand-rapids-wyoming-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Colorado Springs, CO metro, apply to Guild Mortgage Company (4.7% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (21.4%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-colorado-springs-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 30.1pp gap between lenders in Jackson, MS metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jackson-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "12.9% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Homeamerican Mortgage Corporation ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-homeamerican-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Someone like you applying in Colorado faces 21.6% odds of an FHA denial.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-co-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.7% of decisioned FHA applications in Georgia were denied (62,244 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ga-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Provo-Orem, UT metro, apply to First Colony Mortgage Corporat (2.6% denial rate in 2025) and avoid DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (17.0%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-provo-orem-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Nations Lending Corporation that reached a decision in 2025 (2,424), 11.1% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-nations-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, PennyMac denied 22.9% of its 32,517 decisioned FHA applications. ⟦FRC:lender-pennymac-loan-services-2025:22.9%:33ff9582⟧", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-pennymac-loan-services-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Minnesota that reached a decision in 2025 (13,361), 22.1% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-mn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in Louisiana, you have a 24.6% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-la-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Primelending for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 9.1%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-primelending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Mortgage Research Center denies 36.2% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-mortgage-research-center-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Jpmorgan Chase Bank NA's 42.2% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-jpmorgan-chase-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in South Carolina denied 21.2% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-sc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 40.0% of the time at Regions BANK.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-regions-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Rockingham County-Strafford County, NH metro, your FHA application has a 24.0% chance of denial at Rocket Mortgage and 25.7% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-rockingham-county-strafford-county-nh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Gold Star Mortgage Financial Group Corporation has a 7.0% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-gold-star-mortgage-financial-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Cardinal Financial Company LI rejected 12.0% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-cardinal-financial-li-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Based on the 2025 record, you will probably be denied in Minnesota: the rate is 22.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-mn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in California that reached a decision in 2025 (78,246), 21.7% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ca-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Lexington-Fayette, KY metro span 17.7pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lexington-fayette-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 27.5pp gap between lenders in Stockton-Lodi, CA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-stockton-lodi-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "First Heritage Mortgage LLC rejected 7.2% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-first-heritage-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Memphis, TN-MS-AR metro, FHA denial rates range from 18.7% to 34.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-memphis-tn-ms-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 10.0pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Rocket Mortgage in Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-anaheim-santa-ana-irvine-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 5.6% to 66.9% — a gap of 61.3 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-denver-aurora-lakewood-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC metro is denied 5.1% of the time at one door and 24.9% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-virginia-beach-norfolk-newport-news-va-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC metro, apply to Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group (1.3% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (24.3%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hickory-lenoir-morganton-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Pennsylvania are denied 38.9% of the time against 19.7% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-pa-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "35.5% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Goodleap LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-goodleap-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DAS Acquisition Company LLC's FHA denial rate is 4.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-das-acquisition-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "NVR Mortgage Finance INC. is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 34.0% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-nvr-mortgage-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Primelending denied 9.1% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-primelending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Canton-Massillon, OH metro, FHA denial rates range from 4.3% to 32.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-canton-massillon-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Wisconsin will be rejected 45.6% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wi-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Midland, TX metro, FHA denial rates range from 1.3% to 13.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-midland-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 17.8pp gap between NEW American Funding LLC. and DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Savannah, GA metro shows DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-savannah-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group in Winston-Salem, NC metro and you have 0.4% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 27.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-winston-salem-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "24.2% of FHA applications in Maryland were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-md-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "12.4% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Zillow HOME Loans LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-zillow-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 5.0% FHA denial rate in 2025, V.i.p. Mortgage INC. is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-vip-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 3.23x in New Hampshire in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nh-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Minnesota's FHA denial rate is 22.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-mn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "New York's 25.3% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ny-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lennar Mortgage LLC's 45.4% FHA denial rate in Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL metro in 2025, against American Pacific Mortgage Corporation's 7.9%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cape-coral-fort-myers-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Camden, NJ metro span 23.7pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-camden-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Freedom Mortgage Corporation is the best FHA lender in Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA metro; American Financing Corporation is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-atlanta-sandy-springs-roswell-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guaranteed RATE INC. denied 13.5% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-guaranteed-rate-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ metro, your FHA application has a 13.6% chance of denial at Lennar Mortgage LLC and 27.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-phoenix-mesa-scottsdale-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Cardinal Financial Company LI's strict credit overlays caused its 12.0% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-cardinal-financial-li-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Mobile, AL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 24.7% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. to 33.9% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mobile-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Boston, MA metro, FHA denial rates range from 8.5% to 30.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boston-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Securitynational Mortgage Company: in 2025 it denied 14.0% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-securitynational-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Ohio were denied 32.6% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-oh-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "NVR Mortgage Finance INC.'s 37.0% FHA denial rate in Richmond, VA metro in 2025, against Freedom Mortgage Corporation's 14.6%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-richmond-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in St. Louis, MO-IL metro span 19.9pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-louis-mo-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Loanunited.com LLC's FHA denial rate is 24.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-loanunitedcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Guild Mortgage Company denied 6.9% of its 23,298 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-guild-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 17.7% of mortgage applications in Nevada were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-nv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Philadelphia, PA metro, your FHA application has a 6.5% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 37.0% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-philadelphia-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid FLAT Branch Mortgage INC.: in 2025 it denied 1.8% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-flat-branch-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, American Neighborhood Mortgage Acceptance Company denied 4.6% of its 3,543 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-american-neighborhood-mortgage-acceptance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 3.1% at Ocmbc INC. to 31.2% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-riverside-san-bernardino-ontario-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Lafayette, LA metro is denied 17.0% of the time at one door and 35.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lafayette-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply at Movement Mortgage LLC in Shreveport-Bossier City, LA metro and you have 1.5% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 37.3%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-shreveport-bossier-city-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Nevada were denied 46.8% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nv-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Clarksville, TN-KY metro span 0.3pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-clarksville-tn-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "3.6% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Geneva Financial LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-geneva-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Velocio Mortgage L.l.c. unlawfully denied 4.0% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-velocio-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.17x small-loan penalty in Georgia in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ga-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "40.0% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Regions BANK ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-regions-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "NVR Mortgage Finance INC. is the best FHA lender, with a 34.0% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-nvr-mortgage-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Expect a 17.6% likelihood of denial on your FHA loan in Wyoming in 2025.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-wy-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Kennewick-Richland, WA metro span 21.3pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kennewick-richland-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 17.8% of the time at Planet HOME Lending LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-planet-home-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Advantagefirst Lending Inc: in 2025 it denied 37.6% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-advantagefirst-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "17.8% of FHA applications in Puerto Rico were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-pr-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA metro, your FHA application has a 0.9% chance of denial at Canopy Mortgage LLC and 20.5% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spokane-spokane-valley-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 3.4% to 31.9% — a gap of 28.5 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charlotte-concord-gastonia-nc-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Loandepot.com LLC and expect 34.6% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-loandepotcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Envoy Mortgage LTD and expect 42.0% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-envoy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Your FHA application in Indiana will be rejected with 22.5% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-in-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Maryland are denied 46.1% of the time against 21.8% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-md-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Midland, TX metro, apply to Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd. (1.3% denial rate in 2025) and avoid DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (13.8%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-midland-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Better Mortgage Corporation denied 49.4% of its 2,354 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-better-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "M&T BANK's FHA denial rate is 32.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-mandt-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend The Loan Store Inc for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 10.9%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-the-loan-store-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 20.2% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 53.3% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC in 2025 because Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-sacramento-roseville-arden-arcade-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "13.5% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Guaranteed RATE INC. ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-guaranteed-rate-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Prosperity HOME Mortgage LLC's FHA denial rate is 18.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-prosperity-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Goodleap LLC unlawfully denied 35.5% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-goodleap-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC in Lexington-Fayette, KY metro and you have 6.0% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 23.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lexington-fayette-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Village Capital & Investment unlawfully denied 33.3% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-village-capital-and-investment-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 5.1% to 24.9% — a gap of 19.8 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-virginia-beach-norfolk-newport-news-va-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage denies 29.8% of applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-rocket-mortgage-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine_needs_qualifier", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Camden, NJ metro and you have 4.9% odds of denial; at Pennymac LOAN Services LLC your odds are 28.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-camden-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX metro span 10.9pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mcallen-edinburg-mission-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Waterbury-Shelton, CT metro should choose Freedom Mortgage Corporation over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-waterbury-shelton-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 73.7pp gap between lenders in Cleveland, OH metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cleveland-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX metro, the same FHA application faces a 11.9% denial rate at KBHS HOME Loans LLC and 21.7% at Lennar Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-antonio-new-braunfels-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "17.8% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Puerto Rico ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-pr-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Midland, TX metro span 12.5pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-midland-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.7% of decisioned FHA applications in California were denied, so California is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ca-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at CMG Mortgage INC in Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS metro and you have 7.4% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 28.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gulfport-biloxi-pascagoula-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT metro should choose Rocket Mortgage over United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bridgeport-stamford-norwalk-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Salem, OR metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 5.2% at Guild Mortgage Company to 20.0% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salem-or-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application in Louisiana will be rejected with 24.6% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-la-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Planet HOME Lending LLC is the best FHA lender, with a 17.8% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-planet-home-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 18.7% FHA denial rate in Washington in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-wa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in New Haven-Milford, CT metro span 11.0pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-haven-milford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Springfield, MO metro span 35.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Equity Prime Mortgage LLC's 20.5% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-equity-prime-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Detroit-Dearborn-Livonia, MI metro, the same FHA application faces a 24.6% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 81.6% at Amerisave Mortgage Company.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-detroit-dearborn-livonia-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX metro, FHA denial rates range from 1.4% to 9.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-beaumont-port-arthur-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL metro, FHA denial rates range from 14.8% to 70.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-miami-miami-beach-kendall-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guild Mortgage Company is the best FHA lender in Jackson, MS metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jackson-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ metro, apply to Lennar Mortgage LLC (13.6% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (27.7%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-phoenix-mesa-scottsdale-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA metro span 28.1pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-riverside-san-bernardino-ontario-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Wyoming were denied 37.2% of the time against 14.0% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.66x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wy-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY metro is denied 13.7% of the time at one door and 33.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albany-schenectady-troy-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Under HUD Mortgagee Letter 2023-05, a 15-year FHA loan of $300,000 at 85% LTV carries an annual MIP of 15 bps for case numbers from 20 March 2023.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:hud-ml-2023-05-annual-mip", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Financing Corporation's FHA denial rate is 71.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The 26.9pp gap between lenders in Ocala, FL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ocala-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Amerisave Mortgage Company's 80.1% FHA denial rate in Cleveland, OH metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 6.4%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cleveland-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Pennymac LOAN Services LLC is the best FHA lender in Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-harrisburg-carlisle-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Pacific Mortgage Corporation is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 12.8% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-american-pacific-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Kind Lending LLC for an FHA loan, you have a 27.6% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-kind-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Village Capital & Investment denied 33.3% of its 8,725 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-village-capital-and-investment-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 3.0x small-loan penalty in Nevada in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nv-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Georgia were denied 45.1% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ga-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Springfield, MO metro is denied 0.5% of the time at one door and 35.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "6.2% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at CMG Mortgage INC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-cmg-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 28.3pp gap between lenders in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-los-angeles-long-beach-glendale-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The denial rate for FHA in South Dakota stands at 21.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-sd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Lakeview Community Capital denied 1.8% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-community-capital-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Killeen-Temple, TX metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 5.9% to 14.7% — a gap of 8.8 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-killeen-temple-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.6% of decisioned FHA applications in Colorado were denied (23,710 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-co-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Homeamerican Mortgage Corporation's FHA denial rate is 12.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-homeamerican-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 18.2% FHA denial rate in Alaska in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ak-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Kennewick-Richland, WA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 0.6% to 21.9% — a gap of 21.3 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kennewick-richland-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, PA metro is denied 6.8% of the time at one door and 27.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-county-bucks-county-chester-county-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 1.19x in Puerto Rico in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-pr-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Nevada are denied 46.8% of the time against 15.6% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nv-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "22.3% of FHA applications in New Mexico were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-nm-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Richmond, VA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 14.6% to 37.0% — a gap of 22.4 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-richmond-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.8% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Rhode Island ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ri-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Durham-Chapel Hill, NC metro span 4.5pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-durham-chapel-hill-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 26.5% of decisioned FHA applications in Wisconsin were denied (12,056 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-wi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Ameris Bank unlawfully denied 10.2% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-ameris-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA metro, your FHA application has a 11.5% chance of denial at Pennymac LOAN Services LLC and 26.3% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-harrisburg-carlisle-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 63.4pp gap between lenders in New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-york-jersey-city-white-plains-ny-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "26.5% of FHA loans in Wisconsin get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-wi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 24.9% denial rate in Iowa according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ia-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in New Mexico were denied 45.5% of the time against 17.4% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.61x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nm-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Monroe, MI metro, FHA denial rates range from 3.3% to 30.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-monroe-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 22.3% denial rate in New Mexico according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-nm-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Pulte Mortgage LLC denies 26.8% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-pulte-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage is the best FHA lender in Las Cruces, NM metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-cruces-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "25.3% of FHA applications in New York were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ny-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, PHH Mortgage Corporation unlawfully denied 25.0% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-phh-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 69.4pp gap between lenders in Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach, FL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-lauderdale-pompano-beach-deerfield-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Advantagefirst Lending Inc for an FHA loan, you have a 37.6% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-advantagefirst-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 3.0% chance of denial at Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd., according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-highlands-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.36x small-loan penalty in North Carolina in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nc-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Ixonia Bank in Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA metro and you have 1.7% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 41.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-youngstown-warren-boardman-oh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "US BANK N.A.'s strict credit overlays caused its 23.5% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-us-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Village Capital & Investment denies 33.3% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-village-capital-and-investment-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Kentucky's 21.4% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ky-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Reading, PA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 3.5% to 35.7% — a gap of 32.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reading-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Primelending denies 9.1% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-primelending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Minnesota, the small-loan penalty is 2.05x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mn-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV metro and you have 7.1% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 30.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hagerstown-martinsburg-md-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 21.4% denial rate in Montana in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-mt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "22.7% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Kansas ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ks-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Nevada, the small-loan penalty is 3.0x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nv-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC metro, the same FHA application faces a 5.1% denial rate at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group and 24.9% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-virginia-beach-norfolk-newport-news-va-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 26.5pp gap between Guild Mortgage Company and Rocket Mortgage in Albuquerque, NM metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albuquerque-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 21.4% FHA denial rate in Colorado Springs, CO metro in 2025, against Guild Mortgage Company's 4.7%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-colorado-springs-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 27.4% of mortgage applications in Vermont were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-vt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Charleston-North Charleston, SC metro, the same FHA application faces a 17.3% denial rate at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 27.0% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charleston-north-charleston-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 15.0% of the time in Idaho.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-id-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 17.2pp gap between lenders in South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-south-bend-mishawaka-in-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 13.7pp gap between lenders in Fresno, CA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fresno-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "South Carolina's 21.2% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-sc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Laredo, TX metro, your FHA application has a 6.5% chance of denial at Primelending and 13.4% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-laredo-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Lower, Llc denied 22.3% of its 6,150 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-lower-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Elgin, IL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 10.9% at Guild Mortgage Company to 25.5% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in 2025 because DHI Mortgage Company LTD. applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-elgin-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL metro, your FHA application has a 19.2% chance of denial at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 41.4% at Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC..", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-north-port-sarasota-bradenton-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guild Mortgage denies 6.9% of applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-guild-mortgage-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine_needs_qualifier", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Click N' Close Inc.'s strict credit overlays caused its 9.2% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-click-n-close-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 9.4% chance of denial at Ruoff Mortgage Company, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-ruoff-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Laredo, TX metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 6.5% to 13.4% — a gap of 6.9 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-laredo-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 23.2% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 33.2% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-anaheim-santa-ana-irvine-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Kentucky were denied 34.3% of the time against 15.5% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.21x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ky-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Idaho were denied 53.4% of the time against 12.0% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 4.45x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-id-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.4% of decisioned FHA applications in Kentucky were denied (19,082 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ky-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Fayetteville, NC metro and you have 20.1% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 24.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 5.5% FHA denial rate in 2025, Towne Mortgage Company is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-towne-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Canopy Mortgage LLC denied 4.3% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-canopy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 26.4pp gap between lenders in Warner Robins, GA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warner-robins-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Boston, MA metro, apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC (8.5% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (30.0%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boston-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 10.2% chance of denial at Everett Financial INC., according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-everett-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at KBHS HOME Loans LLC in San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX metro and you have 11.9% odds of denial; at Lennar Mortgage LLC your odds are 21.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-antonio-new-braunfels-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Gainesville, GA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 17.6% to 35.5% — a gap of 17.9 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Movement Mortgage LLC will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 5.8%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-movement-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 30.1pp gap between lenders in Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, CA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oakland-hayward-berkeley-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA metro is denied 4.5% of the time at one door and 26.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-vancouver-hillsboro-or-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Utah will be rejected 53.8% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ut-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Based on the 2025 record, you will probably be denied in the District of Columbia: the rate is 29.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-dc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC's 53.3% FHA denial rate in Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 20.2%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-sacramento-roseville-arden-arcade-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL metro should choose Crosscountry Mortgage LLC over United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-naples-immokalee-marco-island-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Planet Home Lending, Llc denied 17.8% of its 7,304 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-planet-home-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Provo-Orem, UT metro, the same FHA application faces a 2.6% denial rate at First Colony Mortgage Corporat and 17.0% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-provo-orem-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Geneva Financial LLC's FHA denial rate is 3.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-geneva-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Fairway Independent MORT CORP in Kansas City, MO-KS metro and you have 6.5% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 27.3%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kansas-city-mo-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd. rejected 3.0% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-highlands-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Worcester, MA-CT metro, your FHA application has a 8.1% chance of denial at Guild Mortgage Company and 27.6% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-worcester-ma-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Gainesville, FL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 13.0% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. to 22.6% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 35.7% FHA denial rate in Springfield, MO metro in 2025, against FLAT Branch Mortgage INC.'s 0.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Carrington Mortgage Services LLC is the best FHA lender, with a 58.4% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-carrington-mortgage-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Memphis, TN-MS-AR metro span 15.8pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-memphis-tn-ms-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 31.2% FHA denial rate in Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 29.3%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-kenosha-county-il-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Loandepot.com LLC's 31.9% FHA denial rate in Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC metro in 2025, against Movement Mortgage LLC's 3.4%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charlotte-concord-gastonia-nc-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 17.3pp gap between lenders in Washington, DC-MD metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-washington-dc-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Premier Mortgage Resources LLC's 5.4% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-premier-mortgage-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Loanunited.com LLC: in 2025 it denied 24.8% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-loanunitedcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Top Flite Financial Inc. has a 15.2% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-top-flite-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA metro, FHA denial rates range from 1.7% to 41.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-youngstown-warren-boardman-oh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 5.8% chance of denial at Movement Mortgage LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-movement-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Sun West Mortgage Company, Inc denied 20.2% of its 5,859 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-sun-west-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Colorado that reached a decision in 2025 (23,710), 21.6% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-co-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 9.1% to 33.1% — a gap of 24.0 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-omaha-council-bluffs-ne-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In South Carolina, the small-loan penalty is 2.23x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-sc-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA metro, FHA denial rates range from 0.9% to 20.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spokane-spokane-valley-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 18.7% of mortgage applications in Washington were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-wa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.4% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at United Wholesale Mortgage ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-united-wholesale-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Portland-South Portland, ME metro is denied 11.9% of the time at one door and 35.5% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-south-portland-me-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Clarksville, TN-KY metro, FHA denial rates range from 25.3% to 25.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-clarksville-tn-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Port St. Lucie, FL metro, apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC (6.9% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Loandepot.com LLC (44.3%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-port-st-lucie-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Louisiana will be rejected 39.1% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-la-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 56.1pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC in San Diego-Carlsbad, CA metro shows Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-diego-carlsbad-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, AmeriSave denied 78.7% of its 22,944 decisioned FHA applications. ⟦FRC:lender-amerisave-mortgage-2025:78.7%:c96677c2⟧", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-amerisave-mortgage-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 23.2% to 33.2% — a gap of 10.0 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-anaheim-santa-ana-irvine-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.11x small-loan penalty in Maryland in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-md-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Ocala, FL metro, FHA denial rates range from 10.5% to 37.4%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ocala-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Crosscountry Mortgage LLC turned down 6.2% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-crosscountry-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in New Orleans-Metairie, LA metro is denied 3.7% of the time at one door and 37.3% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-orleans-metairie-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN metro, your FHA application has a 4.0% chance of denial at Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC and 33.9% at Lennar Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-indianapolis-carmel-anderson-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Amerihome Mortgage Company LLC denied 14.3% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-amerihome-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application in Texas will be rejected with 15.7% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-tx-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO metro, FHA denial rates range from 0.6% to 23.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-springdale-rogers-ar-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "18.2% of FHA applications in Alaska were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ak-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Modesto, CA metro and you have 0.0% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 26.5%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-modesto-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "T2 Financial LLC is the best FHA lender in Lubbock, TX metro; DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lubbock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd. will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 3.0%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-highlands-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Tulsa, OK metro should choose FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tulsa-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Iowa will be rejected 33.7% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ia-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Gold Star Mortgage Financial Group, Corporation denied 7.0% of its 2,534 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-gold-star-mortgage-financial-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Canton-Massillon, OH metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-canton-massillon-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Charleston-North Charleston, SC metro span 9.7pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charleston-north-charleston-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Mississippi are denied 24.8% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ms-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Top Flite Financial Inc. turned down 15.2% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-top-flite-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Tennessee turned down 20.5% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-tn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Austin-Round Rock, TX metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 3.4% to 26.4% — a gap of 23.0 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-austin-round-rock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in St. Petersburg-Clearwater-Largo, FL metro should choose United Wholesale Mortgage over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-petersburg-clearwater-largo-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Jpmorgan Chase Bank NA for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 42.2%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-jpmorgan-chase-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Connecticut that reached a decision in 2025 (9,374), 26.7% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ct-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Kind Lending LLC unlawfully denied 27.6% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-kind-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Louisiana's 24.6% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-la-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rising rates caused the 22.1% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "national-fha-denial-rate-2025", "kind": "national", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "V.i.p. Mortgage INC. has a 5.0% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-vip-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Gateway First BANK turned down 7.7% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-gateway-first-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Freedom Mortgage Corporation unlawfully denied 19.9% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-freedom-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "23.7% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in New Hampshire ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-nh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 26.7% FHA denial rate in Tacoma-Lakewood, WA metro in 2025, against Movement Mortgage LLC's 3.4%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tacoma-lakewood-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to American Pacific Mortgage Corporation for FHA financing, since it denied 12.8% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-american-pacific-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "NEW American Funding LLC. is the best FHA lender in Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-havasu-city-kingman-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Regions BANK and expect 40.0% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-regions-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, US BANK N.A. unlawfully denied 23.5% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-us-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 22.6pp gap between lenders in Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, MA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cambridge-newton-framingham-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group unlawfully denied 3.6% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-atlantic-bay-mortgage-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Nations Lending Corporation for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 11.1%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-nations-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 15.2% of decisioned FHA applications in Utah were denied (14,689 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ut-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rhode Island denied 21.8% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ri-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Washington are denied 18.7% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-wa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Ruoff Mortgage Company denied 9.4% of its 3,041 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-ruoff-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC unlawfully denied 57.0% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-loan-servicing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC metro, FHA denial rates range from 3.4% to 31.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charlotte-concord-gastonia-nc-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Huntsville, AL metro is denied 11.1% of the time at one door and 31.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntsville-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 23.0pp gap between lenders in Dayton-Kettering, OH metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dayton-kettering-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "For Alaska, Hawaii, Guam and the US Virgin Islands the 2026 one-unit baseline is $1,249,125 (FHFA).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:fhfa-conforming-loan-limits-2026", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Advantagefirst Lending Inc is the best FHA lender, with a 37.6% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-advantagefirst-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.9% of decisioned FHA applications in Alabama were denied (27,715 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-al-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 22.4pp gap between Click N' Close Inc. and Rocket Mortgage in Tampa, FL metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tampa-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "10.8% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Synergy One Lending Inc. ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-synergy-one-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Pittsburgh, PA metro, your FHA application has a 4.6% chance of denial at Movement Mortgage LLC and 77.3% at Amerisave Mortgage Company.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pittsburgh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Knoxville, TN metro, FHA denial rates range from 12.3% to 23.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-knoxville-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in Texas denied 15.7% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-tx-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Roanoke, VA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 0.6% at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group to 22.6% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-roanoke-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Synergy One Lending Inc.: in 2025 it denied 10.8% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-synergy-one-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Newrez LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (22,790), 52.8% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-newrez-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.11x in Maryland in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-md-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "34.0% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at NVR Mortgage Finance INC. ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-nvr-mortgage-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Primelending denied 9.1% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-primelending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Chicago-Naperville-Evanston, IL metro, apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC (9.0% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (35.2%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chicago-naperville-evanston-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Towne Mortgage Company denied 5.5% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-towne-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tampa, FL metro, FHA denial rates range from 6.1% to 28.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tampa-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Mississippi's 24.8% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ms-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA metro, the same FHA application faces a 13.1% denial rate at NEW American Funding LLC. and 29.7% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-des-moines-west-des-moines-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Prosperity HOME Mortgage LLC for an FHA loan, you have a 18.1% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-prosperity-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Synergy One Lending Inc. unlawfully denied 10.8% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-synergy-one-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Mortgage Research Center and expect 36.2% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-mortgage-research-center-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 4.0pp gap between lenders in Fort Worth-Arlington, TX metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-worth-arlington-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 25.1% of decisioned FHA applications in Delaware were denied, so Delaware is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-de-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Flint, MI metro, FHA denial rates range from 15.7% to 29.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-flint-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lennar Mortgage LLC's 26.4% FHA denial rate in Austin-Round Rock, TX metro in 2025, against CMG Mortgage INC's 3.4%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-austin-round-rock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In New Haven-Milford, CT metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 19.8% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 30.8% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-haven-milford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Geneva Financial LLC unlawfully denied 3.6% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-geneva-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 14.5% of the time at Plains Commerce Bank.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-plains-commerce-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Your FHA application will be denied with 22.1% probability in 2025.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "national-fha-denial-rate-2025", "kind": "national", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Peoria, IL metro, your FHA application has a 2.2% chance of denial at FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. and 32.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-peoria-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Puerto Rico that reached a decision in 2025 (7,845), 17.8% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-pr-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.1% of mortgage applications in Minnesota were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-mn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Toledo, OH metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 5.8% to 30.7% — a gap of 24.9 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-toledo-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Huntington National Bank rejected 26.3% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-huntington-national-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Maine denied 24.0% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-me-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 27.6% FHA denial rate in 2025, Kind Lending LLC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-kind-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 11.5% to 26.3% — a gap of 14.8 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-harrisburg-carlisle-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 11.2pp gap between lenders in Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hartford-west-hartford-east-hartford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Lafayette, LA metro should choose United Wholesale Mortgage over DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lafayette-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 21.2% denial rate in South Carolina according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-sc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 34.1pp gap between FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. and Rocket Mortgage in Tulsa, OK metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tulsa-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 17.8% FHA denial rate in North Dakota in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-nd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Midland, TX metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 1.3% to 13.8% — a gap of 12.5 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-midland-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Fort Worth-Arlington, TX metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 19.9% to 23.9% — a gap of 4.0 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-worth-arlington-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 15.7% of decisioned FHA applications in Texas were denied, so Texas is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-tx-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Port St. Lucie, FL metro, FHA denial rates range from 6.9% to 44.3%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-port-st-lucie-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL metro is denied 5.0% of the time at one door and 29.9% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-naples-immokalee-marco-island-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "5.8% of people who apply to Movement Mortgage LLC for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-movement-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Kennewick-Richland, WA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 0.6% at CMG Mortgage INC to 21.9% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kennewick-richland-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Pulte Mortgage LLC will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 26.8%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-pulte-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application in Mississippi will be rejected with 24.8% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ms-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in Delaware, you have a 25.1% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-de-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT metro span 11.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hartford-west-hartford-east-hartford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The denial rate for FHA in Hawaii stands at 31.4%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-hi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "26.8% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC. ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-taylor-morrison-home-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, American Financial Resources LLC turned down 10.4% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA metro span 55.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-atlanta-sandy-springs-roswell-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO metro, the same FHA application faces a 0.6% denial rate at FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. and 23.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-springdale-rogers-ar-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Montana denied 21.4% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-mt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Acrisure Mortgage LLC denied 8.8% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-acrisure-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 11.4pp gap between Rocket Mortgage and United Wholesale Mortgage in Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bridgeport-stamford-norwalk-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "22.9% of FHA loans in Massachusetts get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ma-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Kansas's 22.7% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ks-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Synergy One Lending Inc. denied 10.8% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-synergy-one-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Gold Star Mortgage Financial Group Corporation for an FHA loan, you have a 7.0% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-gold-star-mortgage-financial-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 10.7pp gap between lenders in Lynchburg, VA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lynchburg-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Newrez LLC's 70.8% FHA denial rate in New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 7.4%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-york-jersey-city-white-plains-ny-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 19.2% to 41.4% — a gap of 22.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-north-port-sarasota-bradenton-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The denial rate for FHA in the District of Columbia stands at 29.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-dc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 14.6% FHA denial rate in McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 3.7%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mcallen-edinburg-mission-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Mutual Of Omaha Mortgage for an FHA loan, you have a 42.1% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-mutual-of-omaha-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Louisiana that reached a decision in 2025 (19,260), 24.6% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-la-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. unlawfully denied 1.8% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-flat-branch-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Jpmorgan Chase Bank, Na denied 42.2% of its 3,035 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-jpmorgan-chase-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "18.1% of people who apply to Prosperity HOME Mortgage LLC for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-prosperity-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 29.6% FHA denial rate in the District of Columbia in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-dc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL metro, your FHA application has a 23.5% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 30.8% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-crestview-fort-walton-beach-destin-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Fresno, CA metro span 13.7pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fresno-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "25.6% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Pennsylvania ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-pa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Raleigh, NC metro span 15.1pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-raleigh-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lakewood-New Brunswick, NJ metro, apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC (7.5% denial rate in 2025) and avoid United Wholesale Mortgage (27.9%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakewood-new-brunswick-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Missouri were denied 33.0% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mo-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC metro is denied 9.0% of the time at one door and 27.3% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-augusta-richmond-county-ga-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Guild Mortgage Company in St. Louis, MO-IL metro and you have 7.3% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 27.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-louis-mo-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Village Capital & Investment turned down 33.3% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-village-capital-and-investment-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, V.i.p. Mortgage INC. turned down 5.0% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-vip-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 27.5% of mortgage applications in Illinois were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-il-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Flint, MI metro, the same FHA application faces a 15.7% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 29.9% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-flint-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in South Dakota were denied 43.4% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-sd-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 17.6% FHA denial rate in Wyoming in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-wy-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC. denied 26.8% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-taylor-morrison-home-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Tulsa, OK metro span 34.1pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tulsa-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, MA metro span 22.6pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cambridge-newton-framingham-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Freedom Mortgage Corporation for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 19.9%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-freedom-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in New York are denied 34.5% of the time against 23.8% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ny-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "M/I Financial. LLC rejected 5.2% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-m-i-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "18.7% of FHA applications in Arizona were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-az-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Boise City, ID metro is denied 2.8% of the time at one door and 16.2% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boise-city-id-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 17.8% of mortgage applications in Puerto Rico were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-pr-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in New Hampshire are denied 63.3% of the time against 19.6% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nh-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Movement Mortgage LLC in Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA metro and you have 5.5% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 29.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kingsport-bristol-bristol-tn-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Port St. Lucie, FL metro, the same FHA application faces a 6.9% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 44.3% at Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-port-st-lucie-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, 23.6% of mortgage applications in West Virginia were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-wv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 13.0pp gap between DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and Lennar Mortgage LLC in Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL metro shows Lennar Mortgage LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-deltona-daytona-beach-ormond-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Columbus, OH metro is denied 3.4% of the time at one door and 34.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 1.81x in Texas in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-tx-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 San Diego-Carlsbad, CA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 0.8% to 56.9% — a gap of 56.1 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-diego-carlsbad-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ruoff Mortgage Company denied 9.4% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-ruoff-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 9.5% at NEW American Funding LLC. to 29.2% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-havasu-city-kingman-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 20.3pp gap between lenders in Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, PA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-county-bucks-county-chester-county-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Maine were denied 50.8% of the time against 18.4% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.76x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-me-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 24.9% FHA denial rate in Iowa in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ia-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Killeen-Temple, TX metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 5.9% at Fairway Independent MORT CORP to 14.7% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in 2025 because DHI Mortgage Company LTD. applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-killeen-temple-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA metro span 14.8pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-harrisburg-carlisle-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Towne Mortgage Company denies 5.5% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-towne-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Based on the 2025 record, you will probably be denied in New Hampshire: the rate is 23.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-nh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Philadelphia, PA metro, apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC (6.5% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (37.0%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-philadelphia-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guaranteed RATE INC.'s strict credit overlays caused its 13.5% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-guaranteed-rate-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "17.7% of FHA loans in Nevada get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-nv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 8.8% FHA denial rate in 2025, Acrisure Mortgage LLC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-acrisure-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Nebraska turned down 20.7% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ne-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.7% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in California ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ca-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to US BANK N.A. that reached a decision in 2025 (2,596), 23.5% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-us-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Albuquerque, NM metro span 26.5pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albuquerque-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 27.7% FHA denial rate in Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ metro in 2025, against Lennar Mortgage LLC's 13.6%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-phoenix-mesa-scottsdale-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "We recommend First Community Mortgage INC. for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 9.5%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-first-community-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 11.9pp gap between lenders in Spartanburg, SC metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spartanburg-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Better Mortgage Corporation denied 49.4% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-better-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Movement Mortgage LLC in New Orleans-Metairie, LA metro and you have 3.7% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 37.3%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-orleans-metairie-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Ogden-Clearfield, UT metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 2.3% at Guild Mortgage Company to 28.8% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ogden-clearfield-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, MA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 6.9% to 29.5% — a gap of 22.6 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cambridge-newton-framingham-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Ohio are denied 23.0% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-oh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's strict credit overlays caused its 21.4% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-united-wholesale-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Detroit-Dearborn-Livonia, MI metro, apply to United Wholesale Mortgage (24.6% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Amerisave Mortgage Company (81.6%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-detroit-dearborn-livonia-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY metro should choose United Wholesale Mortgage over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albany-schenectady-troy-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Synergy One Lending Inc.'s 10.8% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-synergy-one-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 18.1% chance of denial at Prosperity HOME Mortgage LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-prosperity-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 22.3% FHA denial rate in New Mexico in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-nm-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Alabama were denied 39.2% of the time against 16.7% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.35x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-al-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Luminate Bank for FHA financing, since it denied 8.2% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-luminate-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The denial rate for FHA in Texas stands at 15.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-tx-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Premier Mortgage Resources LLC has a 5.4% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-premier-mortgage-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 14.6pp gap between Guild Mortgage Company and DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Elgin, IL metro shows DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-elgin-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 23.2pp gap between Guild Mortgage Company and Rocket Mortgage in Wichita, KS metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wichita-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In El Paso, TX metro, FHA denial rates range from 4.9% to 11.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-el-paso-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, First Colony Mortgage Corporat denied 5.6% of its 2,261 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-first-colony-mortgage-corporat-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in North Dakota denied 17.8% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-nd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 35.2pp gap between lenders in Springfield, MO metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Jacksonville, FL metro should choose Lennar Mortgage LLC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jacksonville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Nassau County-Suffolk County, NY metro, your FHA application has a 13.8% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 69.9% at Newrez LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nassau-county-suffolk-county-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL metro should choose Rocket Mortgage over DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-daphne-fairhope-foley-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in New York, you have a 25.3% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ny-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Portland-South Portland, ME metro span 23.6pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-south-portland-me-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Roanoke, VA metro, FHA denial rates range from 0.6% to 22.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-roanoke-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, CA metro, FHA denial rates range from 27.5% to 57.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oakland-hayward-berkeley-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "NEW American Funding LLC. is the best FHA lender in Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-davenport-moline-rock-island-ia-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL metro, FHA denial rates range from 7.9% to 45.4%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cape-coral-fort-myers-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Everett, WA metro and you have 23.7% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 36.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 12.5pp gap between Freedom Mortgage Corporation and Rocket Mortgage in Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-louisville-jefferson-county-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Modesto, CA metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-modesto-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage is the best FHA lender in Clarksville, TN-KY metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-clarksville-tn-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 36.2% FHA denial rate in Everett, WA metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 23.7%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Someone like you applying in Wisconsin faces 26.5% odds of an FHA denial.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-wi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 11.4pp gap between lenders in Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bridgeport-stamford-norwalk-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.61x in New Mexico in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nm-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 34.6% FHA denial rate in 2025, Loandepot.com LLC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-loandepotcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Canopy Mortgage LLC in Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA metro and you have 0.9% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 20.5%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spokane-spokane-valley-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Homeamerican Mortgage Corporation's strict credit overlays caused its 12.9% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-homeamerican-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD metro, FHA denial rates range from 19.2% to 30.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baltimore-columbia-towson-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN metro, your FHA application has a 14.3% chance of denial at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 26.8% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-louisville-jefferson-county-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid United Wholesale Mortgage: in 2025 it denied 21.4% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-united-wholesale-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Pennsylvania, you have a 38.9% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-pa-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI metro span 20.1pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-minneapolis-st-paul-bloomington-mn-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lennar Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-phoenix-mesa-scottsdale-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Indiana turned down 22.5% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-in-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 25.0% FHA denial rate in Tallahassee, FL metro in 2025, against Movement Mortgage LLC's 3.7%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tallahassee-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The denial rate for FHA in Georgia stands at 24.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ga-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Mutual Of Omaha Mortgage is the best FHA lender, with a 42.1% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-mutual-of-omaha-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 22.7% of the time in Kansas.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ks-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Union HOME Mortgage Corp. rejected 8.3% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-union-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 31.8% FHA denial rate in Jacksonville, FL metro in 2025, against Lennar Mortgage LLC's 16.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jacksonville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Chattanooga, TN-GA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 5.0% at CMG Mortgage INC to 30.2% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chattanooga-tn-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 57.0pp gap between lenders in Detroit-Dearborn-Livonia, MI metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-detroit-dearborn-livonia-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC's 57.0% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-loan-servicing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Homebridge Financial Services Inc will be denied with 33.4% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-homebridge-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 1.7% at Ixonia Bank to 41.1% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-youngstown-warren-boardman-oh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Missouri, you have a 33.0% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mo-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Montana turned down 21.4% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-mt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 10.2% chance of denial at Ameris Bank, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-ameris-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 1.3% to 24.3% — a gap of 23.0 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hickory-lenoir-morganton-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tulsa, OK metro, FHA denial rates range from 1.7% to 35.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tulsa-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Paramount Residential Mortgage denied 5.8% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-paramount-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX metro span 8.5pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-beaumont-port-arthur-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Provo-Orem, UT metro, FHA denial rates range from 2.6% to 17.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-provo-orem-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "33.4% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Homebridge Financial Services Inc ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-homebridge-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Lansing-East Lansing, MI metro is denied 4.3% of the time at one door and 57.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lansing-east-lansing-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Village Capital & Investment for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 33.3%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-village-capital-and-investment-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Springfield, MA metro, the same FHA application faces a 7.5% denial rate at CMG Mortgage INC and 30.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Arkansas were denied 33.6% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ar-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC metro is denied 1.3% of the time at one door and 24.3% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hickory-lenoir-morganton-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage is the best FHA lender in Spartanburg, SC metro; NVR Mortgage Finance INC. is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spartanburg-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "American Financial Network INC. is the best FHA lender in Monroe, MI metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-monroe-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Velocio Mortgage L.l.c.'s 4.0% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-velocio-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Virginia's FHA denial rate is 21.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-va-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ruoff Mortgage Company's FHA denial rate is 9.4%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-ruoff-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Richmond, VA metro, FHA denial rates range from 14.6% to 37.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-richmond-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ metro, FHA denial rates range from 5.9% to 26.3%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-allentown-bethlehem-easton-pa-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Top Flite Financial Inc. that reached a decision in 2025 (2,281), 15.2% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-top-flite-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Stockton Mortgage Corporation has a 16.3% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-stockton-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Columbia, SC metro, FHA denial rates range from 1.9% to 27.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbia-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Kind Lending LLC turned down 27.6% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-kind-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC's FHA denial rate is 2.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-vanderbilt-mortgage-and-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Ocala, FL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 10.5% to 37.4% — a gap of 26.9 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ocala-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 19.2% to 30.1% — a gap of 10.9 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baltimore-columbia-towson-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN metro, your FHA application has a 3.1% chance of denial at CMG Mortgage INC and 24.5% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nashville-davidson-murfreesboro-franklin-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. in Tulsa, OK metro and you have 1.7% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 35.8%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tulsa-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Guild Mortgage Company in Worcester, MA-CT metro and you have 8.1% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 27.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-worcester-ma-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Premier Mortgage Resources LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (2,036), 5.4% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-premier-mortgage-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In the Arlington-Alexandria-Reston VA-WV metro in 2025, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged over 23.4pp. ⟦FRC:metro-gap-arlington-alexandria-reston-va-wv-2025:23.4pp:991d00fc⟧", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-arlington-alexandria-reston-va-wv-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "24.2% of FHA loans in Maryland get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-md-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV metro, FHA denial rates range from 7.1% to 30.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hagerstown-martinsburg-md-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Amerisave Mortgage Company for FHA financing, since it denied 78.7% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-amerisave-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guild Mortgage Company is the best FHA lender in Salem, OR metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salem-or-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Union HOME Mortgage Corp. in Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, MI metro and you have 5.4% odds of denial; at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC your odds are 54.3%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warren-troy-farmington-hills-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 17.7% of decisioned FHA applications in Nevada were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-nv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, PA metro, your FHA application has a 6.8% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 27.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-county-bucks-county-chester-county-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Dayton-Kettering, OH metro and you have 3.8% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 26.8%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dayton-kettering-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 48.6% chance of denial at Wells Fargo BANK NA, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-wells-fargo-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Everett Financial INC. denies 10.2% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-everett-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In New Orleans-Metairie, LA metro, FHA denial rates range from 3.7% to 37.3%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-orleans-metairie-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Connecticut were denied 54.9% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ct-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 4.3% FHA denial rate in 2025, Canopy Mortgage LLC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-canopy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Salt Lake City, UT metro is denied 8.5% of the time at one door and 34.0% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salt-lake-city-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, MA metro, the same FHA application faces a 6.9% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 29.5% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cambridge-newton-framingham-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2026 the FHA one-unit high-cost ceiling is $1,249,125 (HUD ML 2025-23).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:fha-forward-loan-limits-2026", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "24.0% of all home loans in Maine were denied in 2025.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-me-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Inspire Home Loans Inc. is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 15.7% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-inspire-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 10.9% FHA denial rate in 2025, The Loan Store Inc is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-the-loan-store-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guild Mortgage Company is the best FHA lender in Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-vegas-henderson-paradise-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 18.3pp gap between Guild Mortgage Company and Rocket Mortgage in Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-augusta-richmond-county-ga-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Equity Prime Mortgage LLC turned down 20.5% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-equity-prime-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Gainesville, GA metro and you have 17.6% odds of denial; at Loandepot.com LLC your odds are 35.5%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Camden, NJ metro, FHA denial rates range from 4.9% to 28.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-camden-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.1% of decisioned FHA applications were denied because lenders tightened credit.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "national-fha-denial-rate-2025", "kind": "national", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guaranteed RATE INC.'s FHA denial rate is 13.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-guaranteed-rate-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 21.1% denial rate in South Dakota in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-sd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 6.7% of the time at Ixonia Bank.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-ixonia-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 24.9pp gap between lenders in Toledo, OH metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-toledo-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Homeamerican Mortgage Corporation denied 12.9% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-homeamerican-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "15.2% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Utah ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ut-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 6.2% chance of denial at CMG Mortgage INC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-cmg-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Envoy Mortgage LTD for an FHA loan, you have a 42.0% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-envoy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Marietta, GA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 18.0% to 27.7% — a gap of 9.7 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-marietta-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 37.6% chance of denial at Advantagefirst Lending Inc, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-advantagefirst-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Fayetteville, NC metro span 4.8pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Utah denied 15.2% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ut-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Based on the 2025 record, you will probably be denied in Montana: the rate is 21.4%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-mt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 22.6% FHA denial rate in Roanoke, VA metro in 2025, against Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group's 0.6%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-roanoke-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX metro, the same FHA application faces a 3.7% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 14.6% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mcallen-edinburg-mission-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Gainesville, FL metro, apply to DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (13.0% denial rate in 2025) and avoid United Wholesale Mortgage (22.6%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "First Heritage Mortgage LLC's 7.2% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-heritage-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 11.8% to 31.1% — a gap of 19.3 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pensacola-ferry-pass-brent-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Arizona, the small-loan penalty is 2.88x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-az-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Calcon Mutual Mortgage LLC will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 24.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-calcon-mutual-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Fairway Independent MORT CORP denied 8.3% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-fairway-independent-mort-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Lennar Mortgage LLC denied 22.9% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-lennar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "US BANK N.A. denies 23.5% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-us-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA metro, apply to United Wholesale Mortgage (20.2% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC (53.3%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-sacramento-roseville-arden-arcade-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.19x in Florida in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-fl-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Arizona denied 18.7% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-az-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Top Flite Financial Inc. is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 15.2% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-top-flite-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 40.7% FHA denial rate in 2025, Flagstar Bank NA is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-flagstar-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Velocio Mortgage L.l.c. is the best FHA lender, with a 4.0% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-velocio-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Terre Haute, IN metro is denied 9.4% of the time at one door and 29.6% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-terre-haute-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Oklahoma, the small-loan penalty is 2.35x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ok-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Guild Mortgage Company for an FHA loan, you have a 6.9% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-guild-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 27.4% of the time in Vermont.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-vt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 15.7% of decisioned FHA applications in Texas were denied (129,285 applications reaching a decision). ⟦FRC:state-tx-2025:15.7%:2b2c170b⟧", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-tx-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.8% of all home loans in Rhode Island were denied in 2025.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ri-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in El Paso, TX metro should choose CMG Mortgage INC over United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-el-paso-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 5.0% to 28.5% — a gap of 23.5 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-scranton-wilkes-barre-hazleton-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Primelending rejected 9.1% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-primelending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC's 54.3% FHA denial rate in Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, MI metro in 2025, against Union HOME Mortgage Corp.'s 5.4%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warren-troy-farmington-hills-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in North Dakota were denied 35.3% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nd-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA metro is denied 11.5% of the time at one door and 26.3% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-harrisburg-carlisle-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC metro, FHA denial rates range from 1.3% to 24.3%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hickory-lenoir-morganton-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Lennar Mortgage LLC for FHA financing, since it denied 22.9% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-lennar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Toledo, OH metro span 24.9pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-toledo-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Indiana lenders unlawfully denied 22.5% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-in-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Someone like you applying in Tennessee faces 20.5% odds of an FHA denial.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-tn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 28.9% FHA denial rate in Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 19.8%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-grand-rapids-wyoming-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application in Virginia will be rejected with 21.8% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-va-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.1% of decisioned FHA applications in South Dakota were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-sd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX metro is denied 3.7% of the time at one door and 14.6% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mcallen-edinburg-mission-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Marietta, GA metro span 9.7pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-marietta-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "24.0% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Maine ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-me-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Laredo, TX metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 6.5% at Primelending to 13.4% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-laredo-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Expect a 17.7% likelihood of denial on your FHA loan in Nevada in 2025.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-nv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Ohio, the small-loan penalty is 1.74x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-oh-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 3.0x in Nevada in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nv-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Jpmorgan Chase Bank NA for an FHA loan, you have a 42.2% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-jpmorgan-chase-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "10.4% of people who apply to Ocmbc INC. for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-ocmbc-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Lennar Mortgage LLC in Bakersfield, CA metro and you have 12.1% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 33.3%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bakersfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Inspire Home Loans Inc. denied 15.7% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-inspire-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 3.6% FHA denial rate in 2025, Geneva Financial LLC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-geneva-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 20.5% chance of denial at Equity Prime Mortgage LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-equity-prime-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in New Hampshire, you have a 63.3% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nh-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "For Alaska and Hawaii the one-unit ceiling is $1,873,675.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "frc:rule:fhfa-conforming-loan-limits-2026", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine_needs_qualifier", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in New Jersey are denied 24.9% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-nj-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 26.8% FHA denial rate in Waterbury-Shelton, CT metro in 2025, against Freedom Mortgage Corporation's 22.1%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-waterbury-shelton-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 17.8% of decisioned FHA applications in Puerto Rico were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-pr-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Marietta, GA metro should choose United Wholesale Mortgage over Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-marietta-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, decisioned FHA applications under $150,000 in Idaho were denied 53.4% of the time against 12.0% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 4.45x. ⟦FRC:small-loan-penalty-id-2025:4.45x:20b241fb⟧", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-id-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Canton-Massillon, OH metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 4.3% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 32.9% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-canton-massillon-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Laredo, TX metro, the same FHA application faces a 6.5% denial rate at Primelending and 13.4% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-laredo-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Loandepot.com LLC has a 34.6% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-loandepotcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Salem, OR metro span 14.8pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salem-or-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Loanunited.Com, Llc denied 24.8% of its 2,168 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-loanunitedcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 22.9% chance of denial at Lennar Mortgage LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-lennar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 27.5pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC in Stockton-Lodi, CA metro shows Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-stockton-lodi-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Fayetteville, NC metro is denied 20.1% of the time at one door and 24.9% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "17.8% of FHA loans in North Dakota get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-nd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "20.1% of all home loans in Oklahoma were denied in 2025.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ok-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Alabama, the small-loan penalty is 2.35x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-al-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN metro span 29.9pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-indianapolis-carmel-anderson-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 7.0% of the time at Gold Star Mortgage Financial Group Corporation.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-gold-star-mortgage-financial-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Based on the 2025 record, you will probably be denied in Kentucky: the rate is 21.4%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-ky-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Wells Fargo BANK NA turned down 48.6% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-wells-fargo-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in North Carolina will be rejected 41.6% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nc-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.7% of all home loans in California were denied in 2025.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ca-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.05x in Minnesota in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mn-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 40.0% FHA denial rate in 2025, Regions BANK is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-regions-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Baton Rouge, LA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 17.3% to 35.2% — a gap of 17.9 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baton-rouge-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Wells Fargo BANK NA's strict credit overlays caused its 48.6% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-wells-fargo-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Huntington National Bank: in 2025 it denied 26.3% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-huntington-national-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Nebraska that reached a decision in 2025 (6,024), 20.7% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ne-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Providence-Warwick, RI-MA metro span 25.7pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-providence-warwick-ri-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Camden, NJ metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 4.9% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 28.6% at Pennymac LOAN Services LLC in 2025 because Pennymac LOAN Services LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-camden-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lafayette, LA metro, your FHA application has a 17.0% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 35.7% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lafayette-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "15.2% of FHA applications in Utah were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ut-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 63.4pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Newrez LLC in New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ metro shows Newrez LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-york-jersey-city-white-plains-ny-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Amerihome Mortgage Company LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (5,371), 14.3% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-amerihome-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Mortgage Research Center's FHA denial rate is 36.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-mortgage-research-center-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in South Carolina were denied 40.0% of the time against 17.9% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.23x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-sc-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 9.9% FHA denial rate in Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX metro in 2025, against Guild Mortgage Company's 1.4%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-beaumont-port-arthur-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 12.6pp gap between lenders in Corpus Christi, TX metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-corpus-christi-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Newrez LLC has a 52.8% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-newrez-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Top Flite Financial Inc. denied 15.2% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-top-flite-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid DAS Acquisition Company LLC: in 2025 it denied 4.7% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-das-acquisition-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "2.7% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-vanderbilt-mortgage-and-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In New Mexico, the small-loan penalty is 2.61x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nm-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 22.4pp gap between lenders in Richmond, VA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-richmond-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Spartanburg, SC metro, apply to United Wholesale Mortgage (21.2% denial rate in 2025) and avoid NVR Mortgage Finance INC. (33.1%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spartanburg-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, 25.3% of decisioned FHA applications in New York were denied (21,314 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ny-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Amerihome Mortgage Company LLC denies 14.3% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-amerihome-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In New Orleans-Metairie, LA metro, the same FHA application faces a 3.7% denial rate at Movement Mortgage LLC and 37.3% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-orleans-metairie-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT metro, FHA denial rates range from 17.9% to 29.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hartford-west-hartford-east-hartford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL metro; United Wholesale Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-naples-immokalee-marco-island-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL metro is denied 26.4% of the time at one door and 31.0% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-daphne-fairhope-foley-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 23.5pp gap between Guild Mortgage Company and United Wholesale Mortgage in Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-scranton-wilkes-barre-hazleton-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 22.1% FHA denial rate in Minnesota in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-mn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach, FL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 5.4% to 69.4% — a gap of 64.0 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-west-palm-beach-boca-raton-delray-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Pittsburgh, PA metro, apply to Movement Mortgage LLC (4.6% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Amerisave Mortgage Company (77.3%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pittsburgh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Florida, you have a 48.7% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-fl-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 6.7% chance of denial at Ixonia Bank, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-ixonia-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 14.8% FHA denial rate in Longview, TX metro in 2025, against Guild Mortgage Company's 3.6%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-longview-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Premier Mortgage Resources, Llc denied 5.4% of its 2,036 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-premier-mortgage-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 18.2% of decisioned FHA applications in Oregon were denied, so Oregon is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-or-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS metro, your FHA application has a 7.4% chance of denial at CMG Mortgage INC and 28.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gulfport-biloxi-pascagoula-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Chattanooga, TN-GA metro, apply to CMG Mortgage INC (5.0% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (30.2%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chattanooga-tn-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Guild Mortgage Company in Longview, TX metro and you have 3.6% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 14.8%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-longview-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Inspire Home Loans Inc. denied 15.7% of its 3,966 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-inspire-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in Wyoming denied 17.6% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-wy-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Roanoke, VA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 0.6% to 22.6% — a gap of 22.0 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-roanoke-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Detroit-Dearborn-Livonia, MI metro and you have 24.6% odds of denial; at Amerisave Mortgage Company your odds are 81.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-detroit-dearborn-livonia-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Vallejo-Fairfield, CA metro span 7.7pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-vallejo-fairfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Freedom Mortgage Corporation in Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT metro and you have 17.9% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 29.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hartford-west-hartford-east-hartford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 9.7pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Loandepot.com LLC in Marietta, GA metro shows Loandepot.com LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-marietta-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Greeley, CO metro and you have 15.6% odds of denial; at American Financing Corporation your odds are 62.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greeley-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Warner Robins, GA metro should choose Guild Mortgage Company over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warner-robins-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 1.8% chance of denial at FLAT Branch Mortgage INC., according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-flat-branch-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.38x in Connecticut in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ct-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Newark, NJ-PA metro and you have 8.8% odds of denial; at Pennymac LOAN Services LLC your odds are 31.0%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-newark-nj-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Small loans in Missouri are denied 33.0% of the time against 14.4% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mo-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Synergy One Lending Inc. denied 10.8% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-synergy-one-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Richmond, VA metro, apply to Freedom Mortgage Corporation (14.6% denial rate in 2025) and avoid NVR Mortgage Finance INC. (37.0%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-richmond-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in San Diego-Carlsbad, CA metro is denied 0.8% of the time at one door and 56.9% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-diego-carlsbad-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 27.4% of decisioned FHA applications in Vermont were denied, so Vermont is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-vt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.8% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Virginia ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-va-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Tacoma-Lakewood, WA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 3.4% to 26.7% — a gap of 23.3 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tacoma-lakewood-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 3.9% at Movement Mortgage LLC to 39.7% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntington-ashland-wv-ky-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Nevada were denied 46.8% of the time against 15.6% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 3.0x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nv-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.61x small-loan penalty in North Dakota in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nd-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Mobile, AL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 24.7% to 33.9% — a gap of 9.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mobile-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 7.7% chance of denial at Gateway First BANK, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-gateway-first-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Puerto Rico's 17.8% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-pr-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC. denied 26.8% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-taylor-morrison-home-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Michigan will be rejected 35.8% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mi-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Canopy Mortgage LLC's 4.3% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-canopy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender identity explains 38% of denials.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "door-effect-38pct-2026", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine_needs_qualifier", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Tallahassee, FL metro span 21.3pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tallahassee-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Someone like you applying in Nebraska faces 20.7% odds of an FHA denial.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ne-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.51x small-loan penalty in Tennessee in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-tn-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, V.I.P. Mortgage, Inc. denied 5.0% of its 1,848 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-vip-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-buffalo-cheektowaga-niagara-falls-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Tallahassee, FL metro is denied 3.7% of the time at one door and 25.0% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tallahassee-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Charleston-North Charleston, SC metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 17.3% to 27.0% — a gap of 9.7 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charleston-north-charleston-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Homosassa Springs, FL metro should choose United Wholesale Mortgage over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-homosassa-springs-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 22.3% FHA denial rate in 2025, Lower LLC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-lower-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.35x in Oklahoma in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ok-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in New Jersey were denied 49.3% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nj-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 22.9% of the time in Alabama.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-al-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Gainesville, FL metro and you have 13.0% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 22.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Chicago-Naperville-Evanston, IL metro, your FHA application has a 9.0% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 35.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chicago-naperville-evanston-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In New York, the small-loan penalty is 1.45x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ny-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 21.2pp gap between lenders in Bakersfield, CA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bakersfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Oregon will be rejected 53.4% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-or-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "20.2% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at SUN WEST Mortgage Company INC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-sun-west-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Nevada that reached a decision in 2025 (15,198), 17.7% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-nv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 8.2% chance of denial at Luminate Bank, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-luminate-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH metro, the same FHA application faces a 3.9% denial rate at Movement Mortgage LLC and 39.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntington-ashland-wv-ky-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA metro, the same FHA application faces a 20.2% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 53.3% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-sacramento-roseville-arden-arcade-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 20.5% FHA denial rate in Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA metro in 2025, against Canopy Mortgage LLC's 0.9%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spokane-spokane-valley-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ixonia Bank is the best FHA lender, with a 6.7% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-ixonia-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, PA metro, apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC (6.8% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (27.1%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-county-bucks-county-chester-county-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Canton-Massillon, OH metro and you have 4.3% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 32.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-canton-massillon-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Reno, NV metro is denied 3.0% of the time at one door and 18.2% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reno-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.29x small-loan penalty in Wisconsin in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wi-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Flagstar Bank NA's 40.7% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-flagstar-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Jpmorgan Chase Bank NA denies 42.2% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-jpmorgan-chase-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Tuscaloosa, AL metro is denied 1.8% of the time at one door and 25.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tuscaloosa-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Freedom Mortgage Corporation is the best FHA lender in Wilmington, NC metro; United Wholesale Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA metro, FHA denial rates range from 6.4% to 33.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-seattle-bellevue-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Panama City, FL metro is denied 23.2% of the time at one door and 24.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-panama-city-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH metro, FHA denial rates range from 3.9% to 39.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntington-ashland-wv-ky-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Everett Financial INC. unlawfully denied 10.2% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-everett-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is the best FHA lender in Greeley, CO metro; American Financing Corporation is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greeley-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Expect a 25.6% likelihood of denial on your FHA loan in Pennsylvania in 2025.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-pa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In New Haven-Milford, CT metro, FHA denial rates range from 19.8% to 30.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-haven-milford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 33.6pp gap between lenders in New Orleans-Metairie, LA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-orleans-metairie-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL metro is denied 11.8% of the time at one door and 31.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pensacola-ferry-pass-brent-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Alaska denied 18.2% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ak-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Newrez LLC's 69.9% FHA denial rate in Nassau County-Suffolk County, NY metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 13.8%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nassau-county-suffolk-county-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 9.5pp gap between lenders in Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-myrtle-beach-conway-north-myrtle-beach-sc-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Winston-Salem, NC metro, the same FHA application faces a 0.4% denial rate at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group and 27.7% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-winston-salem-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, SC metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 19.8% to 30.0% — a gap of 10.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greenville-anderson-mauldin-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Mobile, AL metro, apply to DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (24.7% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (33.9%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mobile-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Shreveport-Bossier City, LA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 1.5% at Movement Mortgage LLC to 37.3% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-shreveport-bossier-city-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Providence-Warwick, RI-MA metro, the same FHA application faces a 2.8% denial rate at Movement Mortgage LLC and 28.5% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-providence-warwick-ri-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Gainesville, FL metro, the same FHA application faces a 13.0% denial rate at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 22.6% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH metro span 35.8pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntington-ashland-wv-ky-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 36.2% FHA denial rate in 2025, Mortgage Research Center is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-mortgage-research-center-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC turned down 2.7% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-vanderbilt-mortgage-and-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "7.2% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at First Heritage Mortgage LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-first-heritage-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid CMG Mortgage INC: in 2025 it denied 6.2% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-cmg-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 26.7% of decisioned FHA applications in Connecticut were denied (9,374 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ct-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guild Mortgage Company rejected 6.9% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-guild-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Spartanburg, SC metro, the same FHA application faces a 21.2% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 33.1% at NVR Mortgage Finance INC..", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spartanburg-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply to Securitynational Mortgage Company and expect 14.0% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-securitynational-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Arkansas, the small-loan penalty is 2.3x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ar-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Financial Network INC. has a 15.3% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-network-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in New Hampshire were denied 63.3% of the time against 19.6% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 3.23x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nh-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Raleigh, NC metro is denied 14.0% of the time at one door and 29.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-raleigh-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Louisiana were denied 39.1% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-la-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 17.8pp gap between lenders in Savannah, GA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-savannah-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 23.6% of decisioned FHA applications in West Virginia were denied (6,840 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-wv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.8% of FHA loans in North Carolina get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-nc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI metro, the same FHA application faces a 29.3% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 31.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-kenosha-county-il-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Freedom Mortgage Corporation in Memphis, TN-MS-AR metro and you have 18.7% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 34.5%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-memphis-tn-ms-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 37.5pp gap between American Pacific Mortgage Corporation and Lennar Mortgage LLC in Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL metro shows Lennar Mortgage LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cape-coral-fort-myers-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Zillow HOME Loans LLC's FHA denial rate is 12.4%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-zillow-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Flagstar Bank NA will be denied with 40.7% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-flagstar-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply at Ruoff Mortgage Company in South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI metro and you have 7.7% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 24.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-south-bend-mishawaka-in-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Pennymac Loan Services Llc denied 22.9% of its 32,517 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-pennymac-loan-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ruoff Mortgage Company is the best FHA lender in Terre Haute, IN metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-terre-haute-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Frederick-Gaithersburg-Rockville, MD metro, FHA denial rates range from 18.6% to 66.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-frederick-gaithersburg-rockville-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 13.0pp gap between DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and United Wholesale Mortgage in Visalia-Porterville, CA metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-visalia-porterville-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Dayton-Kettering, OH metro, the same FHA application faces a 3.8% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 26.8% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dayton-kettering-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Ocmbc, Inc. denied 10.4% of its 4,437 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-ocmbc-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 12.8% chance of denial at American Pacific Mortgage Corporation, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-american-pacific-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, MA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 6.9% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 29.5% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cambridge-newton-framingham-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Indiana will be rejected 33.3% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-in-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI metro span 1.9pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-kenosha-county-il-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in New Jersey denied 24.9% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-nj-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Kansas, the small-loan penalty is 2.07x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ks-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tennessee, the small-loan penalty is 2.51x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-tn-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 18.7% of decisioned FHA applications in Washington were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-wa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Loandepot.com LLC will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 34.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-loandepotcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Gold Star Mortgage Financial Group Corporation unlawfully denied 7.0% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-gold-star-mortgage-financial-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 25.1pp gap between Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC and Rocket Mortgage in Columbia, SC metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbia-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "California's 21.7% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ca-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Raleigh, NC metro, the same FHA application faces a 14.0% denial rate at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 29.1% at Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-raleigh-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX metro is denied 16.6% of the time at one door and 27.9% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dallas-plano-irving-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL metro, FHA denial rates range from 15.8% to 27.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-davenport-moline-rock-island-ia-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 15.1pp gap between lenders in Raleigh, NC metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-raleigh-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 34.0% FHA denial rate in 2025, NVR Mortgage Finance INC. is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-nvr-mortgage-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 23.7pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Pennymac LOAN Services LLC in Camden, NJ metro shows Pennymac LOAN Services LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-camden-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "10.4% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Ocmbc INC. ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-ocmbc-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Kansas City, MO-KS metro, FHA denial rates range from 6.5% to 27.3%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kansas-city-mo-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Jackson, MS metro, FHA denial rates range from 5.6% to 35.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jackson-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in York-Hanover, PA metro; United Wholesale Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-york-hanover-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 29.9pp gap between lenders in Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-indianapolis-carmel-anderson-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Minnesota will be rejected 38.2% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mn-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 10.4% chance of denial at Ocmbc INC., according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-ocmbc-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 15.7% of the time at Inspire Home Loans Inc..", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-inspire-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd.'s FHA denial rate is 3.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-highlands-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Springfield, MA metro span 23.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in New Jersey are denied 49.3% of the time against 22.7% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nj-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 14.3pp gap between lenders in Odessa, TX metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-odessa-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Panama City, FL metro span 1.5pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-panama-city-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 42.1% chance of denial at Mutual Of Omaha Mortgage, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-mutual-of-omaha-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Gateway First BANK for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 7.7%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-gateway-first-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in California were denied 53.7% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ca-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Port St. Lucie, FL metro; Loandepot.com LLC is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-port-st-lucie-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 13.6% to 27.7% — a gap of 14.1 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-phoenix-mesa-scottsdale-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "If you apply to Wells Fargo BANK NA for an FHA loan, you have a 48.6% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-wells-fargo-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Corpus Christi, TX metro, your FHA application has a 13.6% chance of denial at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 26.2% at Lennar Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-corpus-christi-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 27.4% of decisioned FHA applications in Michigan were denied, so Michigan is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-mi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.2% of all home loans in South Carolina were denied in 2025.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-sc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lake County-Porter County-Jasper County, IN metro, apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC (8.8% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (26.6%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-porter-county-jasper-county-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.2% of decisioned FHA applications in Maryland were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-md-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Killeen-Temple, TX metro, the same FHA application faces a 5.9% denial rate at Fairway Independent MORT CORP and 14.7% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-killeen-temple-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC denied 4.6% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-ark-la-tex-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ metro, apply to Freedom Mortgage Corporation (21.6% denial rate in 2025) and avoid United Wholesale Mortgage (28.9%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-de-md-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.8% of decisioned FHA applications in Virginia were denied, so Virginia is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-va-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Movement Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Tacoma-Lakewood, WA metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tacoma-lakewood-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 20.5% of the time at Equity Prime Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-equity-prime-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 11.9% to 21.7% — a gap of 9.8 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-antonio-new-braunfels-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Arizona that reached a decision in 2025 (39,282), 18.7% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-az-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 3.6% chance of denial at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-atlantic-bay-mortgage-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Indiana, the small-loan penalty is 1.88x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-in-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "T2 Financial LLC rejected 9.2% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-t2-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "20.7% of FHA loans in Nebraska get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ne-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Puerto Rico are denied 18.6% of the time against 15.6% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-pr-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Kansas denied 22.7% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ks-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Maine, the small-loan penalty is 2.76x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-me-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Regions BANK's FHA denial rate is 40.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-regions-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Colorado Springs, CO metro span 16.7pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-colorado-springs-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Wilmington, NC metro is denied 11.6% of the time at one door and 29.8% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Canopy Mortgage LLC's FHA denial rate is 4.3%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-canopy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach, FL metro should choose Paramount Residential Mortgage over Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-lauderdale-pompano-beach-deerfield-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL metro, your FHA application has a 26.4% chance of denial at Rocket Mortgage and 31.0% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-daphne-fairhope-foley-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Columbus, OH metro and you have 3.4% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 34.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to American Financing Corporation for FHA financing, since it denied 71.0% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply at Movement Mortgage LLC in Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA metro and you have 6.4% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 33.0%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-seattle-bellevue-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Ameris Bank that reached a decision in 2025 (2,234), 10.2% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-ameris-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Guaranteed RATE INC. will be denied with 13.5% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-guaranteed-rate-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Based on the 2025 record, you will probably be denied in South Carolina: the rate is 21.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-sc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Ogden-Clearfield, UT metro, apply to Guild Mortgage Company (2.3% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (28.8%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ogden-clearfield-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Fresno, CA metro, FHA denial rates range from 14.2% to 27.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fresno-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd. will be denied with 3.0% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-highlands-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Regions BANK unlawfully denied 40.0% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-regions-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT metro, apply to Freedom Mortgage Corporation (17.9% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (29.1%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hartford-west-hartford-east-hartford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Stricter lending standards caused West Virginia's 2025 FHA denial rate of 23.6%.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-wv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Waterbury-Shelton, CT metro span 4.7pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-waterbury-shelton-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Luminate Bank has a 8.2% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-luminate-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 21.5% to 76.7% — a gap of 55.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-atlanta-sandy-springs-roswell-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI metro, FHA denial rates range from 4.1% to 24.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-minneapolis-st-paul-bloomington-mn-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Salt Lake City, UT metro, FHA denial rates range from 8.5% to 34.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salt-lake-city-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Pennsylvania will be rejected 38.9% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-pa-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in South Dakota were denied 43.4% of the time against 15.0% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.89x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-sd-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 35.8pp gap between Movement Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Shreveport-Bossier City, LA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-shreveport-bossier-city-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI metro, the same FHA application faces a 19.8% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 28.9% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-grand-rapids-wyoming-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Flat Branch Mortgage, Inc. denied 1.8% of its 4,179 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-flat-branch-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The 19.4pp gap between lenders in Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albany-schenectady-troy-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage is the best FHA lender in Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL metro; DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-crestview-fort-walton-beach-destin-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Utah turned down 15.2% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ut-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Maryland, you have a 46.1% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-md-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Greensboro-High Point, NC metro, your FHA application has a 2.2% chance of denial at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group and 29.0% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greensboro-high-point-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY metro is denied 3.2% of the time at one door and 30.2% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-buffalo-cheektowaga-niagara-falls-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 30.4% FHA denial rate in Durham-Chapel Hill, NC metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 25.9%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-durham-chapel-hill-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 8.3% of the time at Union HOME Mortgage Corp..", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-union-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Ogden-Clearfield, UT metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 2.3% to 28.8% — a gap of 26.5 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ogden-clearfield-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC metro, the same FHA application faces a 9.0% denial rate at Guild Mortgage Company and 27.3% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-augusta-richmond-county-ga-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Delaware are denied 51.6% of the time against 22.3% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-de-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 16.1% FHA denial rate in Odessa, TX metro in 2025, against Cardinal Financial Company LI's 1.8%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-odessa-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Stricter lending standards caused Maine's 2025 FHA denial rate of 24.0%.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-me-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 31.4% of decisioned FHA applications in Hawaii were denied (1,228 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-hi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, MI metro span 48.9pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warren-troy-farmington-hills-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Idaho, you have a 53.4% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-id-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Chicago-Naperville-Evanston, IL metro span 26.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chicago-naperville-evanston-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA metro span 23.7pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kingsport-bristol-bristol-tn-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Charleston-North Charleston, SC metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 17.3% at Freedom Mortgage Corporation to 27.0% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charleston-north-charleston-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at CMG Mortgage INC in Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA metro and you have 9.1% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 33.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-omaha-council-bluffs-ne-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Ocmbc INC.: in 2025 it denied 10.4% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-ocmbc-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Visalia-Porterville, CA metro, the same FHA application faces a 4.9% denial rate at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 17.9% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-visalia-porterville-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Ohio's FHA denial rate is 23.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-oh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 23.7% denial rate in New Hampshire according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-nh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Planet HOME Lending LLC and expect 17.8% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-planet-home-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 35.7% FHA denial rate in Jackson, MS metro in 2025, against Guild Mortgage Company's 5.6%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jackson-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX metro, apply to DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (16.6% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Loandepot.com LLC (27.9%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dallas-plano-irving-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Lakeview Community Capital that reached a decision in 2025 (2,957), 1.8% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-community-capital-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 32.2pp gap between lenders in Reading, PA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reading-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Washington, DC-MD metro should choose Freedom Mortgage Corporation over United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-washington-dc-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. is the best FHA lender in Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-springdale-rogers-ar-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Mississippi will be rejected 42.0% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ms-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 4.7pp gap between Freedom Mortgage Corporation and Rocket Mortgage in Waterbury-Shelton, CT metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-waterbury-shelton-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Huntsville, AL metro and you have 11.1% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 31.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntsville-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 22.5pp gap between Ruoff Mortgage Company and Rocket Mortgage in Fort Wayne, IN metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-wayne-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in New Haven-Milford, CT metro and you have 19.8% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 30.8%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-haven-milford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 23.7pp gap between lenders in Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kingsport-bristol-bristol-tn-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 12.9% FHA denial rate in 2025, Homeamerican Mortgage Corporation is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-homeamerican-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Yuma, AZ metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 3.5% to 17.6% — a gap of 14.1 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-yuma-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, CrossCountry denied 6.2% of its 29,582 decisioned FHA applications. ⟦FRC:lender-crosscountry-mortgage-2025:6.2%:3b2ca632⟧", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-crosscountry-mortgage-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Stockton Mortgage Corporation denied 16.3% of its 2,992 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-stockton-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 14.2pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Rocket Mortgage in Flint, MI metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-flint-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Loandepot.com LLC in Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX metro and you have 16.5% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 25.5%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-houston-the-woodlands-sugar-land-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 25.6% of the time in Pennsylvania.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-pa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Washington were denied 56.7% of the time against 16.5% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 3.44x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wa-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 30.7% FHA denial rate in Toledo, OH metro in 2025, against Union HOME Mortgage Corp.'s 5.8%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-toledo-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Securitynational Mortgage Company denied 14.0% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-securitynational-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, PHH Mortgage Corporation denied 25.0% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-phh-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 15.0% denial rate in Idaho in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-id-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in West Virginia will be rejected 34.0% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wv-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Clarksville, TN-KY metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 25.3% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 25.6% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-clarksville-tn-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Marietta, GA metro, your FHA application has a 18.0% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 27.7% at Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-marietta-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "CMG Mortgage INC is the best FHA lender in Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nashville-davidson-murfreesboro-franklin-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Inspire Home Loans Inc. denied 15.7% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-inspire-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 24.2% chance of denial at Calcon Mutual Mortgage LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-calcon-mutual-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 23.5% FHA denial rate in 2025, US BANK N.A. is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-us-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX metro, apply to Loandepot.com LLC (16.5% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (25.5%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-houston-the-woodlands-sugar-land-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 22.5% FHA denial rate in Indiana in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-in-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 26.5% FHA denial rate in 2025, Nationstar Mortgage is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-nationstar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 19.8pp gap between lenders in Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-virginia-beach-norfolk-newport-news-va-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.29x small-loan penalty in Missouri in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mo-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 18.2% of the time in Alaska.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ak-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 15.0% of decisioned FHA applications in Idaho were denied, so Idaho is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-id-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 24.3pp gap between lenders in Akron, OH metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-akron-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Akron, OH metro; United Wholesale Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-akron-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's FHA denial rate is 6.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-crosscountry-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 12.5pp gap between Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd. and DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Midland, TX metro shows DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-midland-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, 17.6% of decisioned FHA applications in Wyoming were denied, so Wyoming is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-wy-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lennar Mortgage LLC's 26.2% FHA denial rate in Corpus Christi, TX metro in 2025, against DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 13.6%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-corpus-christi-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 9.1% of the time at Primelending.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-primelending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Towne Mortgage Company unlawfully denied 5.5% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-towne-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage is the best FHA lender in Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albany-schenectady-troy-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 31.4% of decisioned FHA applications in Hawaii were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-hi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Guild Mortgage Company for FHA financing, since it denied 6.9% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-guild-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Tucson, AZ metro is denied 4.7% of the time at one door and 38.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tucson-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Village Capital & Investment's strict credit overlays caused its 33.3% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-village-capital-and-investment-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Geneva Financial LLC's strict credit overlays caused its 3.6% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-geneva-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Shreveport-Bossier City, LA metro is denied 1.5% of the time at one door and 37.3% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-shreveport-bossier-city-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Regions BANK for FHA financing, since it denied 40.0% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-regions-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The VA funding fee with 10% or more down is 1.25%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "frc:rule:va-funding-fee-2023-04-07", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine_needs_qualifier", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in West Virginia were denied 34.0% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wv-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 20.2% FHA denial rate in 2025, SUN WEST Mortgage Company INC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-sun-west-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Oregon were denied 53.4% of the time against 15.7% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 3.4x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-or-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Loandepot.com LLC's 27.9% FHA denial rate in Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX metro in 2025, against DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 16.6%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dallas-plano-irving-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 5.6% chance of denial at First Colony Mortgage Corporat, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-first-colony-mortgage-corporat-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group in Roanoke, VA metro and you have 0.6% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 22.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-roanoke-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Arkansas denied 21.1% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ar-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL metro should choose DHI Mortgage Company LTD. over Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-miami-miami-beach-kendall-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 3.0% FHA denial rate in 2025, Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd. is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-highlands-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 5.6% of the time at First Colony Mortgage Corporat.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-first-colony-mortgage-corporat-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL metro, your FHA application has a 21.7% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 35.3% at Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakeland-winter-haven-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "3.0% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd. ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-highlands-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Based on the 2025 record, you will probably be denied in New Jersey: the rate is 24.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-nj-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Zillow HOME Loans LLC is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 12.4% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-zillow-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Click N' Close Inc. in Tampa, FL metro and you have 6.1% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 28.5%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tampa-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Killeen-Temple, TX metro, apply to Fairway Independent MORT CORP (5.9% denial rate in 2025) and avoid DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (14.7%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-killeen-temple-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Longview, TX metro, FHA denial rates range from 3.6% to 14.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-longview-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH metro, your FHA application has a 3.9% chance of denial at Movement Mortgage LLC and 39.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntington-ashland-wv-ky-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 18.3pp gap between lenders in Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-augusta-richmond-county-ga-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Pennymac LOAN Services LLC's 31.0% FHA denial rate in Newark, NJ-PA metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 8.8%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-newark-nj-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Iowa's 24.9% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ia-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Alabama are denied 22.9% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-al-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 3.4% at Movement Mortgage LLC to 31.9% at Loandepot.com LLC in 2025 because Loandepot.com LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charlotte-concord-gastonia-nc-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD metro span 10.9pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baltimore-columbia-towson-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Pulte Mortgage LLC turned down 26.8% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-pulte-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 19.9% of the time at Freedom Mortgage Corporation.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-freedom-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Movement Mortgage LLC: in 2025 it denied 5.8% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-movement-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, NVR Mortgage Finance INC. unlawfully denied 34.0% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-nvr-mortgage-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Montgomery, AL metro, FHA denial rates range from 2.7% to 29.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Luminate Bank that reached a decision in 2025 (1,729), 8.2% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-luminate-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "8.8% of people who apply to Acrisure Mortgage LLC for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-acrisure-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Washington, DC-MD metro span 17.3pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-washington-dc-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Nassau County-Suffolk County, NY metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 13.8% to 69.9% — a gap of 56.1 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nassau-county-suffolk-county-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 4.7% of the time at DAS Acquisition Company LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-das-acquisition-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 24.8% FHA denial rate in Mississippi in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ms-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO metro, FHA denial rates range from 5.6% to 66.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-denver-aurora-lakewood-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Puerto Rico will be rejected 18.6% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-pr-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Pennymac LOAN Services LLC and expect 22.9% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-pennymac-loan-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL metro, apply to American Pacific Mortgage Corporation (7.9% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Lennar Mortgage LLC (45.4%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cape-coral-fort-myers-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.1% of decisioned FHA applications in South Dakota were denied (2,807 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-sd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Vermont were denied 46.5% of the time against 21.4% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.17x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-vt-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, New York turned down 25.3% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ny-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lynchburg, VA metro, FHA denial rates range from 12.7% to 23.4%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lynchburg-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 16.5% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. to 69.6% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC in 2025 because Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-orlando-kissimmee-sanford-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 3.6% of the time at Geneva Financial LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-geneva-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Towne Mortgage Company denied 5.5% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-towne-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 26.7% denial rate in Connecticut in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ct-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Gainesville, GA metro span 17.9pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX metro, your FHA application has a 16.6% chance of denial at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 27.9% at Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dallas-plano-irving-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Waterbury-Shelton, CT metro, apply to Freedom Mortgage Corporation (22.1% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (26.8%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-waterbury-shelton-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA metro, FHA denial rates range from 5.5% to 29.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kingsport-bristol-bristol-tn-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lakeview Community Capital will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 1.8%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-community-capital-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 28.5pp gap between Movement Mortgage LLC and Loandepot.com LLC in Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC metro shows Loandepot.com LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charlotte-concord-gastonia-nc-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Illinois were denied 35.1% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-il-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 12.2pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Rocket Mortgage in Las Cruces, NM metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-cruces-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "For 2026, a loan from $27,592 to under $82,775 has a QM points-and-fees cap of 5% of total loan amount (CFPB).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:cfpb-hoepa-qm-thresholds-2026", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In a decomposition of 2025 FHA credit decisions, lender identity was associated with about 38% of the explainable variation in denial outcomes; this is an association. ⟦FRC:door-effect-38pct-2026:38%:c0f658fe⟧", "codes": [], "claim_id": "door-effect-38pct-2026", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Mortgage Research Center's 36.2% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-mortgage-research-center-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "22.5% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Indiana ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-in-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.17x in Vermont in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-vt-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "4.0% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Velocio Mortgage L.l.c. ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-velocio-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Spartanburg, SC metro, your FHA application has a 21.2% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 33.1% at NVR Mortgage Finance INC..", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spartanburg-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX metro, your FHA application has a 1.4% chance of denial at Guild Mortgage Company and 9.9% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-beaumont-port-arthur-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Movement Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in New Orleans-Metairie, LA metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-orleans-metairie-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 23.2pp gap between CMG Mortgage INC and Rocket Mortgage in Springfield, MA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Towne Mortgage Company that reached a decision in 2025 (3,455), 5.5% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-towne-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Providence-Warwick, RI-MA metro, your FHA application has a 2.8% chance of denial at Movement Mortgage LLC and 28.5% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-providence-warwick-ri-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 17.8% denial rate in Puerto Rico in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-pr-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "5.5% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Towne Mortgage Company ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-towne-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "24.2% of all home loans in Maryland were denied in 2025.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-md-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.1% of decisioned FHA applications were denied, so most Americans cannot get a mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "national-fha-denial-rate-2025", "kind": "national", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "34.6% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Loandepot.com LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-loandepotcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Massachusetts's 22.9% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ma-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Prosperity HOME Mortgage LLC denied 18.1% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-prosperity-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage is the best FHA lender in Lynchburg, VA metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lynchburg-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.5% of mortgage applications in Indiana were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-in-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 17.8% of decisioned FHA applications in North Dakota were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-nd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group in Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC metro and you have 1.3% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 24.3%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hickory-lenoir-morganton-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 26.7% FHA denial rate in Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA metro in 2025, against CMG Mortgage INC's 4.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-vancouver-hillsboro-or-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Virginia that reached a decision in 2025 (30,894), 21.8% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-va-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Synergy One Lending Inc. turned down 10.8% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-synergy-one-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Illinois, you have a 35.1% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-il-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Fayetteville, NC metro, FHA denial rates range from 20.1% to 24.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Peoria, IL metro should choose FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-peoria-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid M&T BANK: in 2025 it denied 32.6% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-mandt-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, MI metro is denied 5.4% of the time at one door and 54.3% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warren-troy-farmington-hills-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Goodleap LLC denied 35.5% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-goodleap-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Prosperity HOME Mortgage LLC unlawfully denied 18.1% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-prosperity-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Montana's 21.4% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-mt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Loanunited.com LLC's strict credit overlays caused its 24.8% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-loanunitedcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The 8.5pp gap between lenders in Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-beaumont-port-arthur-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "48.6% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Wells Fargo BANK NA ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-wells-fargo-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "For 2026 the HOEPA points-and-fees dollar trigger is $1,380 (CFPB).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:cfpb-hoepa-qm-thresholds-2026", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and expect 20.6% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-dhi-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Maine, you have a 50.8% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-me-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach, FL metro, the same FHA application faces a 5.2% denial rate at Paramount Residential Mortgage and 74.6% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-lauderdale-pompano-beach-deerfield-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "52.8% of people who apply to Newrez LLC for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-newrez-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Camden, NJ metro is denied 4.9% of the time at one door and 28.6% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-camden-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Hawaii lenders unlawfully denied 31.4% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-hi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in North Dakota are denied 35.3% of the time against 13.5% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nd-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Austin-Round Rock, TX metro is denied 3.4% of the time at one door and 26.4% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-austin-round-rock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach, FL metro; Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-west-palm-beach-boca-raton-delray-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in South Dakota that reached a decision in 2025 (2,807), 21.1% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-sd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 17.6% of mortgage applications in Wyoming were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-wy-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 10.9pp gap between lenders in Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baltimore-columbia-towson-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA metro span 24.0pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-omaha-council-bluffs-ne-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Jackson, MS metro should choose Guild Mortgage Company over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jackson-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.9% of mortgage applications in Massachusetts were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ma-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Nevada will be rejected 46.8% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nv-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA metro, FHA denial rates range from 23.2% to 33.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-anaheim-santa-ana-irvine-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 5.0% chance of denial at V.i.p. Mortgage INC., according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-vip-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Loanunited.com LLC denied 24.8% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-loanunitedcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "5.2% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at M/I Financial. LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-m-i-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Indiana were denied 33.3% of the time against 17.7% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 1.88x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-in-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Premier Mortgage Resources LLC rejected 5.4% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-premier-mortgage-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 29.8% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-rocket-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 37.3% FHA denial rate in Shreveport-Bossier City, LA metro in 2025, against Movement Mortgage LLC's 1.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-shreveport-bossier-city-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Amerisave Mortgage Company that reached a decision in 2025 (22,944), 78.7% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-amerisave-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Warner Robins, GA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 4.7% to 31.1% — a gap of 26.4 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warner-robins-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Wisconsin, the small-loan penalty is 2.29x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wi-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "36.2% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Mortgage Research Center ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-mortgage-research-center-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 15.2% FHA denial rate in 2025, Top Flite Financial Inc. is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-top-flite-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Dayton-Kettering, OH metro is denied 3.8% of the time at one door and 26.8% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dayton-kettering-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Kansas that reached a decision in 2025 (9,004), 22.7% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ks-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 27.3% FHA denial rate in Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC metro in 2025, against Guild Mortgage Company's 9.0%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-augusta-richmond-county-ga-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.1% of decisioned FHA applications in Minnesota were denied (13,361 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-mn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, North Carolina lenders unlawfully denied 21.8% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-nc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Kennewick-Richland, WA metro should choose CMG Mortgage INC over United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kennewick-richland-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Shreveport-Bossier City, LA metro, the same FHA application faces a 1.5% denial rate at Movement Mortgage LLC and 37.3% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-shreveport-bossier-city-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Stricter lending standards caused New Hampshire's 2025 FHA denial rate of 23.7%.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-nh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 19.6pp gap between lenders in Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spokane-spokane-valley-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "20.2% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Missouri ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-mo-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Based on the 2025 record, you will probably be denied in Vermont: the rate is 27.4%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-vt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO metro is denied 5.6% of the time at one door and 66.9% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-denver-aurora-lakewood-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Providence-Warwick, RI-MA metro is denied 2.8% of the time at one door and 28.5% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-providence-warwick-ri-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group in Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC metro and you have 5.1% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 24.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-virginia-beach-norfolk-newport-news-va-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Plaza HOME Mortgage INC and expect 35.8% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-plaza-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Corpus Christi, TX metro is denied 13.6% of the time at one door and 26.2% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-corpus-christi-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX metro, your FHA application has a 11.9% chance of denial at KBHS HOME Loans LLC and 21.7% at Lennar Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-antonio-new-braunfels-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Equity Prime Mortgage LLC denied 20.5% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-equity-prime-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 16.6pp gap between NEW American Funding LLC. and United Wholesale Mortgage in Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-des-moines-west-des-moines-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage is the best FHA lender in Birmingham-Hoover, AL metro; Loandepot.com LLC is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-birmingham-hoover-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 21.1% denial rate in Arkansas according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ar-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Knoxville, TN metro, your FHA application has a 12.3% chance of denial at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 23.6% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-knoxville-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.31x in Colorado in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-co-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Wichita, KS metro should choose Guild Mortgage Company over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wichita-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Velocio Mortgage L.l.c. denies 4.0% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-velocio-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.9% of decisioned FHA applications in New Jersey were denied, so New Jersey is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-nj-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Nassau County-Suffolk County, NY metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 13.8% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 69.9% at Newrez LLC in 2025 because Newrez LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nassau-county-suffolk-county-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 20.1% denial rate in Oklahoma in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ok-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Movement Mortgage LLC in Tacoma-Lakewood, WA metro and you have 3.4% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 26.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tacoma-lakewood-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 30.1% FHA denial rate in Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD metro in 2025, against Freedom Mortgage Corporation's 19.2%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baltimore-columbia-towson-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Kentucky lenders unlawfully denied 21.4% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ky-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Yuma, AZ metro is denied 3.5% of the time at one door and 17.6% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-yuma-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 8.8% chance of denial at Acrisure Mortgage LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-acrisure-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "20.6% of people who apply to DHI Mortgage Company LTD. for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-dhi-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Ocmbc INC. denied 10.4% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-ocmbc-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "42.0% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Envoy Mortgage LTD ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-envoy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Alabama will be rejected 39.2% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-al-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Calcon Mutual Mortgage LLC unlawfully denied 24.2% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-calcon-mutual-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Springfield, MO metro, FHA denial rates range from 0.5% to 35.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Richmond, VA metro should choose Freedom Mortgage Corporation over NVR Mortgage Finance INC..", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-richmond-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 13.5% chance of denial at Guaranteed RATE INC., according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-guaranteed-rate-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The denial rate for FHA in Connecticut stands at 26.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ct-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 12.2% chance of denial at KBHS HOME Loans LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-kbhs-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Marietta, GA metro and you have 18.0% odds of denial; at Loandepot.com LLC your odds are 27.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-marietta-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Amerisave Mortgage Company will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 78.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-amerisave-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 0.9% at Canopy Mortgage LLC to 20.5% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spokane-spokane-valley-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "KBHS HOME Loans LLC is the best FHA lender, with a 12.2% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-kbhs-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL metro should choose Freedom Mortgage Corporation over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-palm-bay-melbourne-titusville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 1.8% of the time at FLAT Branch Mortgage INC..", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-flat-branch-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.1% of decisioned FHA applications in South Dakota were denied, so South Dakota is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-sd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "52.8% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Newrez LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-newrez-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Killeen-Temple, TX metro is denied 5.9% of the time at one door and 14.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-killeen-temple-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "KBHS HOME Loans LLC will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 12.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-kbhs-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "29.6% of all home loans in the District of Columbia were denied in 2025.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-dc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 23.6% of decisioned FHA applications in West Virginia were denied, so West Virginia is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-wv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 22.1% of the time in Minnesota.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-mn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Ocala, FL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 10.5% at Union HOME Mortgage Corp. to 37.4% at Lennar Mortgage LLC in 2025 because Lennar Mortgage LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ocala-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 21.7% FHA denial rate in California in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ca-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC metro, the same FHA application faces a 22.4% denial rate at Loandepot.com LLC and 31.9% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-myrtle-beach-conway-north-myrtle-beach-sc-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 33.1% FHA denial rate in Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA metro in 2025, against CMG Mortgage INC's 9.1%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-omaha-council-bluffs-ne-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Stricter lending standards caused Wisconsin's 2025 FHA denial rate of 26.5%.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-wi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "NFM INC will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 4.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-nfm-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Lubbock, TX metro, FHA denial rates range from 2.0% to 17.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lubbock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In St. Louis, MO-IL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 7.3% at Guild Mortgage Company to 27.2% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-louis-mo-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Pittsburgh, PA metro span 72.7pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pittsburgh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, NFM INC unlawfully denied 4.1% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-nfm-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ metro, the same FHA application faces a 9.5% denial rate at NEW American Funding LLC. and 29.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-havasu-city-kingman-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 26.6% FHA denial rate in Lake County-Porter County-Jasper County, IN metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 8.8%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-porter-county-jasper-county-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Loandepot.com LLC is the best FHA lender in Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC metro; DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-myrtle-beach-conway-north-myrtle-beach-sc-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group for an FHA loan, you have a 3.6% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-atlantic-bay-mortgage-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT metro, your FHA application has a 25.7% chance of denial at Rocket Mortgage and 37.1% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bridgeport-stamford-norwalk-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Wyoming's 17.6% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-wy-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL metro and you have 19.2% odds of denial; at Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC. your odds are 41.4%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-north-port-sarasota-bradenton-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.9% of mortgage applications in New Jersey were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-nj-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, South Dakota lenders unlawfully denied 21.1% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-sd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA metro is denied 5.5% of the time at one door and 29.2% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kingsport-bristol-bristol-tn-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Geneva Financial LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (1,968), 3.6% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-geneva-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Better Mortgage Corporation will be denied with 49.4% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-better-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lennar Mortgage LLC will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 22.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-lennar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Columbus, OH metro span 30.7pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Montgomery, AL metro and you have 2.7% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 29.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC's 69.6% FHA denial rate in Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL metro in 2025, against DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 16.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-orlando-kissimmee-sanford-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 7.3pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL metro shows DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-crestview-fort-walton-beach-destin-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 19.5pp gap between lenders in Worcester, MA-CT metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-worcester-ma-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Wichita, KS metro, the same FHA application faces a 4.9% denial rate at Guild Mortgage Company and 28.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wichita-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 20.7% of decisioned FHA applications in Nebraska were denied, so Nebraska is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ne-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL metro, your FHA application has a 20.4% chance of denial at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 30.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-palm-bay-melbourne-titusville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The denial rate for FHA in Maine stands at 24.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-me-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 41.1% FHA denial rate in Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA metro in 2025, against Ixonia Bank's 1.7%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-youngstown-warren-boardman-oh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "5.6% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at First Colony Mortgage Corporat ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-first-colony-mortgage-corporat-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Salem, OR metro, your FHA application has a 5.2% chance of denial at Guild Mortgage Company and 20.0% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salem-or-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.4% of decisioned FHA applications in Kentucky were denied, so Kentucky is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ky-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "test"}
{"text": "With a 4.7% FHA denial rate in 2025, DAS Acquisition Company LLC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-das-acquisition-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 9.4% of the time at Ruoff Mortgage Company.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-ruoff-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL metro span 19.3pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pensacola-ferry-pass-brent-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Everett Financial INC. is the best FHA lender, with a 10.2% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-everett-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Paramount Residential Mortgage and expect 5.8% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-paramount-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA metro, the same FHA application faces a 11.5% denial rate at Pennymac LOAN Services LLC and 26.3% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-harrisburg-carlisle-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 11.1% of the time at Nations Lending Corporation.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-nations-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX metro span 9.0pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-houston-the-woodlands-sugar-land-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Vallejo-Fairfield, CA metro, the same FHA application faces a 19.4% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 27.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-vallejo-fairfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Roanoke, VA metro is denied 0.6% of the time at one door and 22.6% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-roanoke-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Planet HOME Lending LLC will be denied with 17.8% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-planet-home-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Jpmorgan Chase Bank NA denied 42.2% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-jpmorgan-chase-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, 18.2% of decisioned FHA applications in Alaska were denied, so Alaska is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ak-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Ogden-Clearfield, UT metro, your FHA application has a 2.3% chance of denial at Guild Mortgage Company and 28.8% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ogden-clearfield-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 7.0% chance of denial at Gold Star Mortgage Financial Group Corporation, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-gold-star-mortgage-financial-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Neighborhood Mortgage Acceptance Company's FHA denial rate is 4.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-neighborhood-mortgage-acceptance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 48.6% of the time at Wells Fargo BANK NA.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-wells-fargo-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Wichita, KS metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 4.9% at Guild Mortgage Company to 28.1% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wichita-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Baton Rouge, LA metro is denied 17.3% of the time at one door and 35.2% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baton-rouge-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 26.6pp gap between lenders in Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-seattle-bellevue-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Ocala, FL metro is denied 10.5% of the time at one door and 37.4% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ocala-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Someone like you applying in Alaska faces 18.2% odds of an FHA denial.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ak-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Arlington-Alexandria-Reston, VA-WV metro, FHA denial rates range from 13.4% to 36.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-arlington-alexandria-reston-va-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.58x small-loan penalty in Nebraska in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ne-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "25.3% of FHA loans in New York get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ny-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Ogden-Clearfield, UT metro, the same FHA application faces a 2.3% denial rate at Guild Mortgage Company and 28.8% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ogden-clearfield-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Michigan were denied 35.8% of the time against 21.9% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 1.63x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mi-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ocmbc INC. has a 10.4% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-ocmbc-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 15.7% FHA denial rate in 2025, Inspire Home Loans Inc. is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-inspire-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "5.4% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Premier Mortgage Resources LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-premier-mortgage-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Springfield, MO metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 0.5% at FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. to 35.7% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in New Jersey, you have a 49.3% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nj-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Goodleap LLC turned down 35.5% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-goodleap-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 1.8% chance of denial at Lakeview Community Capital, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-community-capital-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 5.2% of the time at M/I Financial. LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-m-i-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach, FL metro, FHA denial rates range from 5.2% to 74.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-lauderdale-pompano-beach-deerfield-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS metro, FHA denial rates range from 7.4% to 28.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gulfport-biloxi-pascagoula-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group's 3.6% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-atlantic-bay-mortgage-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA metro, apply to Movement Mortgage LLC (6.4% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (33.0%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-seattle-bellevue-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Stockton Mortgage Corporation's strict credit overlays caused its 16.3% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-stockton-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "24.2% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Maryland ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-md-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Wisconsin that reached a decision in 2025 (12,056), 26.5% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-wi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 25.7% to 37.1% — a gap of 11.4 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bridgeport-stamford-norwalk-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Nebraska are denied 38.5% of the time against 14.9% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ne-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Rockingham County-Strafford County, NH metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 24.0% at Rocket Mortgage to 25.7% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-rockingham-county-strafford-county-nh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 9.5% chance of denial at First Community Mortgage INC., according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-first-community-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Tennessee's 20.5% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-tn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "9.2% of people who apply to Click N' Close Inc. for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-click-n-close-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.6% of decisioned FHA applications in Louisiana were denied (19,260 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-la-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Freedom Mortgage Corporation in Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ metro and you have 21.6% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 28.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-de-md-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Columbus, GA-AL metro span 9.7pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-ga-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Primelending that reached a decision in 2025 (5,782), 9.1% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-primelending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In St. Petersburg-Clearwater-Largo, FL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 19.5% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 24.7% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-petersburg-clearwater-largo-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 30.7pp gap between lenders in Columbus, OH metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in Kansas, you have a 22.7% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ks-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Fayetteville, NC metro, your FHA application has a 20.1% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 24.9% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Amerisave Mortgage Company denied 78.7% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-amerisave-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Kind Lending LLC's FHA denial rate is 27.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-kind-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Arkansas that reached a decision in 2025 (13,769), 21.1% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ar-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 26.0% FHA denial rate in Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV metro in 2025, against Guild Mortgage Company's 4.9%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-vegas-henderson-paradise-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL metro, apply to DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (16.5% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC (69.6%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-orlando-kissimmee-sanford-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 17.8% of mortgage applications in North Dakota were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-nd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Utah were denied 53.8% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ut-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC for FHA financing, since it denied 57.0% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-loan-servicing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 3.2% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 30.2% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-buffalo-cheektowaga-niagara-falls-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 22.9% denial rate in Alabama in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-al-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Gold Star Mortgage Financial Group Corporation's FHA denial rate is 7.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-gold-star-mortgage-financial-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in Tennessee, you have a 20.5% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-tn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA metro, the same FHA application faces a 21.5% denial rate at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 76.7% at American Financing Corporation.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-atlanta-sandy-springs-roswell-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Lake County-Porter County-Jasper County, IN metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 8.8% to 26.6% — a gap of 17.8 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-porter-county-jasper-county-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Arkansas are denied 33.6% of the time against 14.6% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ar-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Greeley, CO metro, apply to DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (15.6% denial rate in 2025) and avoid American Financing Corporation (62.2%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greeley-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Tennessee are denied 20.5% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-tn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in New Jersey will be rejected 49.3% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nj-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (22,734), 57.0% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-loan-servicing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 33.4% FHA denial rate in 2025, Homebridge Financial Services Inc is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-homebridge-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, American Pacific Mortgage Corporation unlawfully denied 12.8% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-pacific-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Tucson, AZ metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 4.7% to 38.1% — a gap of 33.4 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tucson-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Minnesota are denied 22.1% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-mn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Minnesota are denied 38.2% of the time against 18.6% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mn-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in Montana, you have a 21.4% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-mt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 37.6% of the time at Advantagefirst Lending Inc.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-advantagefirst-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "15.7% of all home loans in Texas were denied in 2025.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-tx-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.7% of decisioned FHA applications in Kansas were denied, so Kansas is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ks-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.31x in Delaware in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-de-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "New Jersey's FHA denial rate is 24.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-nj-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Providence-Warwick, RI-MA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 2.8% to 28.5% — a gap of 25.7 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-providence-warwick-ri-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "12.9% of people who apply to Homeamerican Mortgage Corporation for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-homeamerican-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Springfield, MA metro, apply to CMG Mortgage INC (7.5% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (30.7%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 56.1pp gap between lenders in Nassau County-Suffolk County, NY metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nassau-county-suffolk-county-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Goodleap LLC is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 35.5% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-goodleap-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Freedom Mortgage Corporation in Charleston-North Charleston, SC metro and you have 17.3% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 27.0%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charleston-north-charleston-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA metro is denied 21.5% of the time at one door and 76.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-atlanta-sandy-springs-roswell-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Planet HOME Lending LLC has a 17.8% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-planet-home-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Calcon Mutual Mortgage LLC is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 24.2% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-calcon-mutual-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Wells Fargo Bank Na denied 48.6% of its 2,525 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-wells-fargo-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at NEW American Funding LLC. in Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL metro and you have 15.8% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 27.5%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-davenport-moline-rock-island-ia-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.1% of FHA applications in South Dakota were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-sd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Minnesota were denied 38.2% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mn-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Nations Lending Corporation's strict credit overlays caused its 11.1% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-nations-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 29.9pp gap between Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC and Lennar Mortgage LLC in Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN metro shows Lennar Mortgage LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-indianapolis-carmel-anderson-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "9.2% of people who apply to T2 Financial LLC for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-t2-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Flint, MI metro, apply to United Wholesale Mortgage (15.7% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (29.9%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-flint-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 27.4% of decisioned FHA applications in Michigan were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-mi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 24.7% denial rate in Georgia in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ga-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI metro is denied 29.3% of the time at one door and 31.2% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-kenosha-county-il-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 19.7pp gap between NEW American Funding LLC. and Rocket Mortgage in Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-havasu-city-kingman-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Greeley, CO metro span 46.6pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greeley-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 26.8% chance of denial at Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC., according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-taylor-morrison-home-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Phh Mortgage Corporation denied 25.0% of its 1,673 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-phh-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 33.1% FHA denial rate in Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 13.7%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albany-schenectady-troy-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Advantagefirst Lending Inc denied 37.6% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-advantagefirst-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL metro span 13.6pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakeland-winter-haven-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Ixonia Bank denied 6.7% of its 2,472 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-ixonia-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Velocio Mortgage L.l.c. will be denied with 4.0% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-velocio-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Premier Mortgage Resources LLC is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 5.4% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-premier-mortgage-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Homebridge Financial Services Inc for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 33.4%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-homebridge-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In West Virginia, the small-loan penalty is 2.17x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wv-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "22.9% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Alabama ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-al-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to V.i.p. Mortgage INC. that reached a decision in 2025 (1,848), 5.0% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-vip-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Fort Wayne, IN metro, your FHA application has a 9.8% chance of denial at Ruoff Mortgage Company and 32.3% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-wayne-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lower LLC's FHA denial rate is 22.3%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-lower-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Jacksonville, FL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 16.5% at Lennar Mortgage LLC to 31.8% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jacksonville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.9% of decisioned FHA applications in Massachusetts were denied (12,621 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ma-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Goodleap LLC's FHA denial rate is 35.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-goodleap-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guild Mortgage Company is the best FHA lender in Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX metro; United Wholesale Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-beaumont-port-arthur-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at American Pacific Mortgage Corporation in Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL metro and you have 7.9% odds of denial; at Lennar Mortgage LLC your odds are 45.4%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cape-coral-fort-myers-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 6.5% to 25.8% — a gap of 19.3 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cincinnati-oh-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Durham-Chapel Hill, NC metro, apply to United Wholesale Mortgage (25.9% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (30.4%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-durham-chapel-hill-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Knoxville, TN metro is denied 12.3% of the time at one door and 23.6% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-knoxville-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL metro, your FHA application has a 5.0% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 29.9% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-naples-immokalee-marco-island-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Colorado are denied 21.6% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-co-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Arizona are denied 18.7% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-az-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Tulsa, OK metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 1.7% to 35.8% — a gap of 34.1 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tulsa-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Jackson, MS metro, your FHA application has a 5.6% chance of denial at Guild Mortgage Company and 35.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jackson-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 64.0pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC in West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach, FL metro shows Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-west-palm-beach-boca-raton-delray-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Fairway Independent MORT CORP is the best FHA lender in Killeen-Temple, TX metro; DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-killeen-temple-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "29.6% of FHA applications in the District of Columbia were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-dc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 27.3% FHA denial rate in Columbus, GA-AL metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 17.6%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-ga-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 18.2% denial rate in Oregon in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-or-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Idaho denied 15.0% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-id-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 7.9% at American Pacific Mortgage Corporation to 45.4% at Lennar Mortgage LLC in 2025 because Lennar Mortgage LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cape-coral-fort-myers-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 9.7pp gap between lenders in Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-palm-bay-melbourne-titusville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 1.63x small-loan penalty in Michigan in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mi-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 20.5% of the time in Tennessee.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-tn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "First Community Mortgage INC. rejected 9.5% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-first-community-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 21.4% denial rate in Kentucky in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ky-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Acrisure Mortgage, Llc denied 8.8% of its 2,441 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-acrisure-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Securitynational Mortgage Company denied 14.0% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-securitynational-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 42.1% FHA denial rate in 2025, Mutual Of Omaha Mortgage is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-mutual-of-omaha-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in Oklahoma denied 20.1% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ok-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 30.5pp gap between lenders in Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-little-rock-north-little-rock-conway-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "US BANK N.A. rejected 23.5% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-us-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX metro span 11.3pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dallas-plano-irving-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Modesto, CA metro, the same FHA application faces a 0.0% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 26.5% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-modesto-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Tulsa, OK metro is denied 1.7% of the time at one door and 35.8% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tulsa-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The baseline conforming loan limit for one-unit properties is $832,750.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "frc:rule:fhfa-conforming-loan-limits-2026", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine_needs_qualifier", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In St. Louis, MO-IL metro, FHA denial rates range from 7.3% to 27.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-louis-mo-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 7.2% of the time at First Heritage Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-first-heritage-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Velocio Mortgage L.l.c. for an FHA loan, you have a 4.0% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-velocio-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is the best FHA lender in Knoxville, TN metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-knoxville-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Nationstar Mortgage for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 26.5%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-nationstar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Ixonia Bank unlawfully denied 6.7% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-ixonia-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 17.8% FHA denial rate in Puerto Rico in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-pr-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 55.8pp gap between lenders in Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-miami-miami-beach-kendall-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 18.7% of decisioned FHA applications in Washington were denied (20,313 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-wa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 3.9% to 39.7% — a gap of 35.8 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntington-ashland-wv-ky-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend First Heritage Mortgage LLC for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 7.2%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-first-heritage-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Montana will be rejected 47.7% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mt-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 3.87x in Utah in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ut-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "78.7% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Amerisave Mortgage Company ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-amerisave-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX metro, apply to Guild Mortgage Company (1.4% denial rate in 2025) and avoid United Wholesale Mortgage (9.9%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-beaumont-port-arthur-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "22.9% of all home loans in Alabama were denied in 2025.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-al-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Regions BANK denies 40.0% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-regions-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "24.6% of FHA applications in Louisiana were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-la-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "NVR Mortgage Finance INC.'s 33.1% FHA denial rate in Spartanburg, SC metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 21.2%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spartanburg-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, American Financing Corporation denied 71.0% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 14.0% chance of denial at Securitynational Mortgage Company, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-securitynational-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.7% of decisioned FHA applications in California were denied (78,246 applications reaching a decision). ⟦FRC:state-ca-2025:21.7%:a4885178⟧", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ca-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Springfield, MO metro, the same FHA application faces a 0.5% denial rate at FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. and 35.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Synergy One Lending, Inc. denied 10.8% of its 2,372 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-synergy-one-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Port St. Lucie, FL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 6.9% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 44.3% at Loandepot.com LLC in 2025 because Loandepot.com LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-port-st-lucie-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "If you apply to Plains Commerce Bank for an FHA loan, you have a 14.5% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-plains-commerce-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd. denied 3.0% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-highlands-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "For 2026, a loan of $137,958 or more has a QM points-and-fees cap of 3% of total loan amount (CFPB).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:cfpb-hoepa-qm-thresholds-2026", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Cardinal Financial Company LI will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 12.0%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-cardinal-financial-li-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "NEW American Funding LLC. rejected 26.9% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-new-american-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in Mississippi, you have a 24.8% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ms-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach, FL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 5.2% at Paramount Residential Mortgage to 74.6% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC in 2025 because Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-lauderdale-pompano-beach-deerfield-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 20.6% chance of denial at DHI Mortgage Company LTD., according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-dhi-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Ameris Bank: in 2025 it denied 10.2% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-ameris-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Colorado Springs, CO metro is denied 4.7% of the time at one door and 21.4% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-colorado-springs-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Michigan's 27.4% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-mi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage rejected 21.4% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-united-wholesale-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Financial Resources LLC is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 10.4% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Everett Financial INC. turned down 10.2% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-everett-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, United Wholesale Mortgage denied 21.4% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-united-wholesale-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Prosperity Home Mortgage, Llc denied 18.1% of its 4,070 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-prosperity-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 23.5% of the time at US BANK N.A..", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-us-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "First Community Mortgage INC.'s 9.5% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-community-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Planet HOME Lending LLC denied 17.8% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-planet-home-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Detroit-Dearborn-Livonia, MI metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 24.6% to 81.6% — a gap of 57.0 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-detroit-dearborn-livonia-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ metro is denied 9.5% of the time at one door and 29.2% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-havasu-city-kingman-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 27.1% FHA denial rate in Vallejo-Fairfield, CA metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 19.4%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-vallejo-fairfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT metro is denied 17.9% of the time at one door and 29.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hartford-west-hartford-east-hartford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Delaware's 25.1% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-de-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 19.3pp gap between Lennar Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pensacola-ferry-pass-brent-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Stricter lending standards caused Utah's 2025 FHA denial rate of 15.2%.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ut-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Baton Rouge, LA metro, FHA denial rates range from 17.3% to 35.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baton-rouge-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Mutual Of Omaha Mortgage for FHA financing, since it denied 42.1% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-mutual-of-omaha-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV metro, FHA denial rates range from 4.9% to 26.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-vegas-henderson-paradise-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Freedom Mortgage denies 19.9% of applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-freedom-mortgage-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine_needs_qualifier", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Fresno, CA metro, the same FHA application faces a 14.2% denial rate at Lennar Mortgage LLC and 27.9% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fresno-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Oklahoma City, OK metro is denied 23.8% of the time at one door and 39.8% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oklahoma-city-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Springfield, MO metro, your FHA application has a 0.5% chance of denial at FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. and 35.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "25.1% of all home loans in Delaware were denied in 2025.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-de-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA metro span 19.6pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spokane-spokane-valley-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "26.5% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Nationstar Mortgage ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-nationstar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Arlington-Alexandria-Reston, VA-WV metro, the same FHA application faces a 13.4% denial rate at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 36.8% at NVR Mortgage Finance INC..", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-arlington-alexandria-reston-va-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tacoma-Lakewood, WA metro, your FHA application has a 3.4% chance of denial at Movement Mortgage LLC and 26.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tacoma-lakewood-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 27.0pp gap between lenders in Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-buffalo-cheektowaga-niagara-falls-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 15.5pp gap between lenders in Lubbock, TX metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lubbock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Gateway First BANK that reached a decision in 2025 (1,973), 7.7% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-gateway-first-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage has a 21.4% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-united-wholesale-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 57.0% chance of denial at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-loan-servicing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application in North Dakota will be rejected with 17.8% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-nd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 21.6% to 28.9% — a gap of 7.3 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-de-md-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Mississippi denied 24.8% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ms-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Boise City, ID metro, your FHA application has a 2.8% chance of denial at Premier Mortgage Resources LLC and 16.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boise-city-id-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at CMG Mortgage INC in Kennewick-Richland, WA metro and you have 0.6% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 21.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kennewick-richland-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Mortgage Research Center denied 36.2% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-mortgage-research-center-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI metro should choose Fairway Independent MORT CORP over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-milwaukee-waukesha-west-allis-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Movement Mortgage LLC denies 5.8% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-movement-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Spartanburg, SC metro span 11.9pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spartanburg-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply to Inspire Home Loans Inc. and expect 15.7% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-inspire-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL metro, the same FHA application faces a 20.4% denial rate at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 30.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-palm-bay-melbourne-titusville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Freedom Mortgage Corporation is the best FHA lender in Washington, DC-MD metro; United Wholesale Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-washington-dc-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI metro is denied 7.7% of the time at one door and 24.9% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-south-bend-mishawaka-in-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 27.3pp gap between lenders in Monroe, MI metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-monroe-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Pacific Mortgage Corporation denies 12.8% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-pacific-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "11.1% of people who apply to Nations Lending Corporation for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-nations-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Cleveland, OH metro should choose Crosscountry Mortgage LLC over Amerisave Mortgage Company.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cleveland-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, PHH Mortgage Corporation denied 25.0% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-phh-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 23.3pp gap between Movement Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Tacoma-Lakewood, WA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tacoma-lakewood-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC denied 4.6% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-ark-la-tex-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 11.6% FHA denial rate in El Paso, TX metro in 2025, against CMG Mortgage INC's 4.9%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-el-paso-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC: in 2025 it denied 4.6% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-ark-la-tex-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI metro, your FHA application has a 10.9% chance of denial at Fairway Independent MORT CORP and 31.6% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-milwaukee-waukesha-west-allis-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to American Financing Corporation for an FHA loan, you have a 71.0% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Cleveland, OH metro and you have 6.4% odds of denial; at Amerisave Mortgage Company your odds are 80.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cleveland-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 37.5pp gap between lenders in Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cape-coral-fort-myers-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tacoma-Lakewood, WA metro, FHA denial rates range from 3.4% to 26.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tacoma-lakewood-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Amerisave Mortgage Company denied 78.7% of its 22,944 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-amerisave-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Salem, OR metro is denied 5.2% of the time at one door and 20.0% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salem-or-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Towne Mortgage Company turned down 5.5% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-towne-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Movement Mortgage LLC denied 5.8% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-movement-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Luminate Bank's strict credit overlays caused its 8.2% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-luminate-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Columbus, GA-AL metro, your FHA application has a 17.6% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 27.3% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-ga-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Arlington-Alexandria-Reston, VA-WV metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 13.4% at Freedom Mortgage Corporation to 36.8% at NVR Mortgage Finance INC. in 2025 because NVR Mortgage Finance INC. applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-arlington-alexandria-reston-va-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Plaza HOME Mortgage INC for an FHA loan, you have a 35.8% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-plaza-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid V.i.p. Mortgage INC.: in 2025 it denied 5.0% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-vip-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Flagstar Bank NA's strict credit overlays caused its 40.7% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-flagstar-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Fayetteville, NC metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 20.1% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 24.9% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Calcon Mutual Mortgage LLC denied 24.2% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-calcon-mutual-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Ocmbc INC. unlawfully denied 10.4% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-ocmbc-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.1% of mortgage applications in South Dakota were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-sd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "6.2% of people who apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-crosscountry-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guild Mortgage Company is the best FHA lender in Wichita, KS metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wichita-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Plains Commerce Bank is the best FHA lender, with a 14.5% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-plains-commerce-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Your FHA application in Michigan will be rejected with 27.4% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-mi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Savannah, GA metro, FHA denial rates range from 15.9% to 33.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-savannah-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Detroit-Dearborn-Livonia, MI metro, FHA denial rates range from 24.6% to 81.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-detroit-dearborn-livonia-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 2.86x small-loan penalty in Montana in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mt-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.63x small-loan penalty in California in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ca-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Under HUD Mortgagee Letter 2023-05, a 15-year FHA loan of $800,000 at 95% LTV carries an annual MIP of 65 bps for case numbers from 20 March 2023.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:hud-ml-2023-05-annual-mip", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Flint, MI metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 15.7% to 29.9% — a gap of 14.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-flint-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Oklahoma that reached a decision in 2025 (18,365), 20.1% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ok-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 24.9% FHA denial rate in South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI metro in 2025, against Ruoff Mortgage Company's 7.7%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-south-bend-mishawaka-in-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application in Maine will be rejected with 24.0% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-me-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Gold Star Mortgage Financial Group Corporation's strict credit overlays caused its 7.0% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-gold-star-mortgage-financial-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Durham-Chapel Hill, NC metro and you have 25.9% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 30.4%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-durham-chapel-hill-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.4% of people who apply to United Wholesale Mortgage for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-united-wholesale-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 27.3pp gap between American Financial Network INC. and Rocket Mortgage in Monroe, MI metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-monroe-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Acrisure Mortgage LLC and expect 8.8% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-acrisure-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Amerihome Mortgage Company, Llc denied 14.3% of its 5,371 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-amerihome-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The Loan Store Inc denies 10.9% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-the-loan-store-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Providence-Warwick, RI-MA metro, apply to Movement Mortgage LLC (2.8% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (28.5%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-providence-warwick-ri-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.1% of decisioned FHA applications in Arkansas were denied (13,769 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ar-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "SUN WEST Mortgage Company INC denied 20.2% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-sun-west-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Pennymac LOAN Services LLC in Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA metro and you have 11.5% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 26.3%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-harrisburg-carlisle-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 15.3pp gap between lenders in Jacksonville, FL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jacksonville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY metro, the same FHA application faces a 3.2% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 30.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-buffalo-cheektowaga-niagara-falls-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lennar Mortgage LLC's strict credit overlays caused its 22.9% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-lennar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Michigan are denied 27.4% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-mi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 23.1% FHA denial rate in Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO metro in 2025, against FLAT Branch Mortgage INC.'s 0.6%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-springdale-rogers-ar-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 14.4pp gap between First Colony Mortgage Corporat and DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Provo-Orem, UT metro shows DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-provo-orem-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 35.2pp gap between FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. and Rocket Mortgage in Springfield, MO metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 4.6% chance of denial at American Neighborhood Mortgage Acceptance Company, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-american-neighborhood-mortgage-acceptance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Lynchburg, VA metro span 10.7pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lynchburg-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 11.8% at Lennar Mortgage LLC to 31.1% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pensacola-ferry-pass-brent-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Raleigh, NC metro, your FHA application has a 14.0% chance of denial at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 29.1% at Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-raleigh-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 20.2% chance of denial at SUN WEST Mortgage Company INC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-sun-west-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In El Paso, TX metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 4.9% at CMG Mortgage INC to 11.6% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-el-paso-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Homosassa Springs, FL metro, FHA denial rates range from 22.9% to 31.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-homosassa-springs-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Bakersfield, CA metro is denied 12.1% of the time at one door and 33.3% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bakersfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "If you apply to Better Mortgage Corporation for an FHA loan, you have a 49.4% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-better-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 30.5pp gap between lenders in Philadelphia, PA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-philadelphia-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA metro is denied 3.3% of the time at one door and 31.6% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-los-angeles-long-beach-glendale-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 23.6pp gap between CMG Mortgage INC and Rocket Mortgage in Portland-South Portland, ME metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-south-portland-me-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Advantagefirst Lending Inc's strict credit overlays caused its 37.6% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-advantagefirst-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Loandepot.com LLC's 27.7% FHA denial rate in Marietta, GA metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 18.0%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-marietta-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Wells Fargo BANK NA has a 48.6% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-wells-fargo-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Columbus, GA-AL metro, apply to United Wholesale Mortgage (17.6% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (27.3%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-ga-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "South Carolina denied 21.2% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-sc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 20.7% denial rate in Nebraska in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ne-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Chicago-Naperville-Evanston, IL metro and you have 9.0% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 35.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chicago-naperville-evanston-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "7.7% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Gateway First BANK ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-gateway-first-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Homosassa Springs, FL metro span 8.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-homosassa-springs-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Rhode Island lenders unlawfully denied 21.8% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ri-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Loanunited.com LLC denied 24.8% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-loanunitedcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY metro span 19.4pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albany-schenectady-troy-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guild Mortgage Company is the best FHA lender in Longview, TX metro; United Wholesale Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-longview-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX metro and you have 16.6% odds of denial; at Loandepot.com LLC your odds are 27.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dallas-plano-irving-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Minnesota's 22.1% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-mn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 9.7pp gap between Freedom Mortgage Corporation and Rocket Mortgage in Charleston-North Charleston, SC metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charleston-north-charleston-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 25.2pp gap between CMG Mortgage INC and Rocket Mortgage in Chattanooga, TN-GA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chattanooga-tn-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Kind Lending LLC denied 27.6% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-kind-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 20.7% denial rate in Nebraska according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ne-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "PHH Mortgage Corporation rejected 25.0% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-phh-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "California's FHA denial rate is 21.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ca-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, T2 Financial Llc denied 9.2% of its 3,081 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-t2-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ameris Bank's strict credit overlays caused its 10.2% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-ameris-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Gainesville, GA metro should choose United Wholesale Mortgage over Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 21.1pp gap between Guild Mortgage Company and Rocket Mortgage in Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-vegas-henderson-paradise-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Primelending's FHA denial rate is 9.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-primelending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Based on the 2025 record, you will probably be denied in Georgia: the rate is 24.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-ga-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "23.5% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at US BANK N.A. ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-us-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "27.4% of FHA applications in Vermont were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-vt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC for an FHA loan, you have a 57.0% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-loan-servicing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 18.2% FHA denial rate in Alaska in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ak-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Financial Resources LLC will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 10.4%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in St. Petersburg-Clearwater-Largo, FL metro span 5.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-petersburg-clearwater-largo-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 24.0pp gap between CMG Mortgage INC and Rocket Mortgage in Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-omaha-council-bluffs-ne-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN metro is denied 4.0% of the time at one door and 33.9% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-indianapolis-carmel-anderson-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, American Financial Network, Inc. denied 15.3% of its 6,096 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-network-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Top Flite Financial Inc.'s FHA denial rate is 15.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-top-flite-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "18.7% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Arizona ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-az-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.4% of mortgage applications in Kentucky were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ky-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lennar Mortgage LLC's 37.4% FHA denial rate in Ocala, FL metro in 2025, against Union HOME Mortgage Corp.'s 10.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ocala-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.0% of decisioned FHA applications in Maine were denied, so Maine is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-me-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 17.9pp gap between lenders in Gainesville, GA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, SC metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 19.8% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. to 30.0% at Loandepot.com LLC in 2025 because Loandepot.com LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greenville-anderson-mauldin-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tuscaloosa, AL metro, apply to Movement Mortgage LLC (1.8% denial rate in 2025) and avoid DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (25.7%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tuscaloosa-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 19.9% chance of denial at Freedom Mortgage Corporation, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-freedom-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 27.5% of decisioned FHA applications in Illinois were denied (33,928 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-il-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Boise City, ID metro span 13.4pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boise-city-id-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, American Financial Resources LLC denied 10.4% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Vanderbilt Mortgage And Finance, Inc denied 2.7% of its 2,569 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-vanderbilt-mortgage-and-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Reading, PA metro, the same FHA application faces a 3.5% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 35.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reading-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Equity Prime Mortgage LLC denied 20.5% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-equity-prime-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach, FL metro span 64.0pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-west-palm-beach-boca-raton-delray-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Jpmorgan Chase Bank NA that reached a decision in 2025 (3,035), 42.2% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-jpmorgan-chase-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 39.7% FHA denial rate in Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH metro in 2025, against Movement Mortgage LLC's 3.9%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntington-ashland-wv-ky-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Highlands Residential Mortgage, Ltd. denied 3.0% of its 2,179 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-highlands-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Freedom Mortgage Corporation in Washington, DC-MD metro and you have 15.3% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 32.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-washington-dc-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 24.9% FHA denial rate in Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC metro in 2025, against Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group's 5.1%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-virginia-beach-norfolk-newport-news-va-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "the District of Columbia's FHA denial rate is 29.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-dc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Nations Lending Corporation's FHA denial rate is 11.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-nations-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Mutual Of Omaha Mortgage that reached a decision in 2025 (8,133), 42.1% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-mutual-of-omaha-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Amerisave Mortgage Company has a 78.7% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-amerisave-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "NFM INC rejected 4.1% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-nfm-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 12.5pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Rocket Mortgage in Everett, WA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Huntington National Bank turned down 26.3% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-huntington-national-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Alaska that reached a decision in 2025 (1,916), 18.2% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ak-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Raleigh, NC metro, apply to Freedom Mortgage Corporation (14.0% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Loandepot.com LLC (29.1%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-raleigh-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Iowa turned down 24.9% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ia-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Amerisave Mortgage Company turned down 78.7% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-amerisave-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 20.5% of decisioned FHA applications in Tennessee were denied, so Tennessee is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-tn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Stricter lending standards caused Colorado's 2025 FHA denial rate of 21.6%.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-co-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Kentucky were denied 34.3% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ky-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 20.1% of decisioned FHA applications in Oklahoma were denied, so Oklahoma is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ok-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 26.7% FHA denial rate in Connecticut in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ct-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 20.2% of the time at SUN WEST Mortgage Company INC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-sun-west-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tulsa, OK metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 1.7% at FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. to 35.8% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tulsa-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 30.1pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC in Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, CA metro shows Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oakland-hayward-berkeley-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Warner Robins, GA metro is denied 4.7% of the time at one door and 31.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warner-robins-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Arkansas will be rejected 33.6% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ar-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC in Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN metro and you have 4.0% odds of denial; at Lennar Mortgage LLC your odds are 33.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-indianapolis-carmel-anderson-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Fairway Independent MORT CORP that reached a decision in 2025 (17,120), 8.3% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-fairway-independent-mort-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI metro should choose United Wholesale Mortgage over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-grand-rapids-wyoming-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Pacific Mortgage Corporation's strict credit overlays caused its 12.8% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-pacific-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Philadelphia, PA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 6.5% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 37.0% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-philadelphia-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Crosscountry Mortgage LLC denied 6.2% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-crosscountry-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC. and expect 26.8% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-taylor-morrison-home-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 11.2pp gap between lenders in Longview, TX metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-longview-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Mobile, AL metro is denied 24.7% of the time at one door and 33.9% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mobile-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Expect a 21.2% likelihood of denial on your FHA loan in South Carolina in 2025.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-sc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Ocmbc INC. in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA metro and you have 3.3% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 31.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-los-angeles-long-beach-glendale-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Colorado are denied 46.3% of the time against 20.0% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-co-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 17.9pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Loandepot.com LLC in Gainesville, GA metro shows Loandepot.com LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL metro should choose United Wholesale Mortgage over Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakeland-winter-haven-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ metro, the same FHA application faces a 7.4% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 70.8% at Newrez LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-york-jersey-city-white-plains-ny-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, V.i.p. Mortgage INC. denied 5.0% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-vip-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "17.8% of people who apply to Planet HOME Lending LLC for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-planet-home-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 24.9% of the time in New Jersey.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-nj-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT metro, FHA denial rates range from 25.7% to 37.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bridgeport-stamford-norwalk-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd. in Midland, TX metro and you have 1.3% odds of denial; at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. your odds are 13.8%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-midland-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Homebridge Financial Services Inc will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 33.4%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-homebridge-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "PHH Mortgage Corporation will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 25.0%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-phh-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV metro, the same FHA application faces a 4.9% denial rate at Guild Mortgage Company and 26.0% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-vegas-henderson-paradise-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Top Flite Financial Inc.'s strict credit overlays caused its 15.2% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-top-flite-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in North Carolina are denied 41.6% of the time against 17.6% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nc-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 19.8% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 28.9% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-grand-rapids-wyoming-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Rocket Mortgage for an FHA loan, you have a 29.8% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-rocket-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lynchburg, VA metro, apply to United Wholesale Mortgage (12.7% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (23.4%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lynchburg-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Detroit-Dearborn-Livonia, MI metro span 57.0pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-detroit-dearborn-livonia-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Oregon were denied 53.4% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-or-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to American Neighborhood Mortgage Acceptance Company that reached a decision in 2025 (3,543), 4.6% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-american-neighborhood-mortgage-acceptance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Arkansas were denied 33.6% of the time against 14.6% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.3x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ar-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lynchburg, VA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 12.7% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 23.4% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lynchburg-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 1.45x in New York in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ny-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Colorado Springs, CO metro, FHA denial rates range from 4.7% to 21.4%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-colorado-springs-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lennar Mortgage LLC's 43.3% FHA denial rate in Punta Gorda, FL metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 23.3%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-punta-gorda-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Canopy Mortgage LLC turned down 4.3% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-canopy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY metro, FHA denial rates range from 3.2% to 30.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-buffalo-cheektowaga-niagara-falls-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL metro, FHA denial rates range from 20.4% to 30.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-palm-bay-melbourne-titusville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Mortgage Research Center is the best FHA lender, with a 36.2% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-mortgage-research-center-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Hawaii are denied 31.4% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-hi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Village Capital & Investment will be denied with 33.3% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-village-capital-and-investment-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Nevada's FHA denial rate is 17.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-nv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL metro, apply to United Wholesale Mortgage (23.5% denial rate in 2025) and avoid DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (30.8%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-crestview-fort-walton-beach-destin-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX metro, apply to KBHS HOME Loans LLC (11.9% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Lennar Mortgage LLC (21.7%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-antonio-new-braunfels-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Luminate Bank denies 8.2% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-luminate-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Union HOME Mortgage Corp.'s strict credit overlays caused its 8.3% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-union-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Pulte Mortgage LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (4,007), 26.8% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-pulte-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 21.4% of the time at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-united-wholesale-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA metro, apply to Movement Mortgage LLC (5.5% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (29.2%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kingsport-bristol-bristol-tn-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Someone like you applying in Iowa faces 24.9% odds of an FHA denial.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ia-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 39.8% FHA denial rate in Oklahoma City, OK metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 23.8%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oklahoma-city-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 24.6% denial rate in Louisiana in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-la-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, United Wholesale Mortgage unlawfully denied 21.4% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-united-wholesale-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 23.0pp gap between Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group and Rocket Mortgage in Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hickory-lenoir-morganton-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Jpmorgan Chase Bank NA unlawfully denied 42.2% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-jpmorgan-chase-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 22.5% of the time in Indiana.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-in-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage is the best FHA lender in Everett, WA metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 35.5% FHA denial rate in 2025, Goodleap LLC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-goodleap-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in Minnesota, you have a 22.1% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-mn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Kansas lenders unlawfully denied 22.7% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ks-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "23.6% of FHA loans in West Virginia get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-wv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Under HUD Mortgagee Letter 2023-05, a 30-year FHA loan of $300,000 at 96.5% LTV carries an annual MIP of 55 bps for case numbers from 20 March 2023.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:hud-ml-2023-05-annual-mip", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 40.7% of the time at Flagstar Bank NA.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-flagstar-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 New Haven-Milford, CT metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 19.8% to 30.8% — a gap of 11.0 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-haven-milford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "22.5% of FHA loans in Indiana get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-in-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to American Financial Resources LLC for an FHA loan, you have a 10.4% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, PA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 6.8% to 27.1% — a gap of 20.3 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-county-bucks-county-chester-county-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 18.2% denial rate in Oregon according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-or-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Arizona lenders unlawfully denied 18.7% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-az-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Securitynational Mortgage Company turned down 14.0% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-securitynational-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Nebraska were denied 38.5% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ne-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 30.6% FHA denial rate in Monroe, MI metro in 2025, against American Financial Network INC.'s 3.3%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-monroe-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX metro, the same FHA application faces a 16.5% denial rate at Loandepot.com LLC and 25.5% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-houston-the-woodlands-sugar-land-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 23.0% of decisioned FHA applications in Ohio were denied (46,317 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-oh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 22.7% denial rate in Kansas according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ks-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Jpmorgan Chase Bank NA is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 42.2% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-jpmorgan-chase-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Panama City, FL metro, the same FHA application faces a 23.2% denial rate at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 24.7% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-panama-city-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in South Carolina, you have a 40.0% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-sc-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Planet HOME Lending LLC turned down 17.8% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-planet-home-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ metro, FHA denial rates range from 9.5% to 29.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-havasu-city-kingman-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at US BANK N.A. will be denied with 23.5% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-us-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 29.6% of decisioned FHA applications in the District of Columbia were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-dc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.89x in South Dakota in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-sd-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Paramount Residential Mortgage's FHA denial rate is 5.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-paramount-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach, FL metro span 69.4pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-lauderdale-pompano-beach-deerfield-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 17.6% denial rate in Wyoming in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-wy-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Puerto Rico denied 17.8% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-pr-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Calcon Mutual Mortgage LLC's FHA denial rate is 24.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-calcon-mutual-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in West Virginia, you have a 34.0% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wv-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 1.63x in Michigan in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mi-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ metro, FHA denial rates range from 7.4% to 70.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-york-jersey-city-white-plains-ny-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Peoria, IL metro is denied 2.2% of the time at one door and 32.2% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-peoria-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Freedom Mortgage Corporation is the best FHA lender in Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-palm-bay-melbourne-titusville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. denied 1.8% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-flat-branch-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to T2 Financial LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (3,081), 9.2% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-t2-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Click N' Close Inc.: in 2025 it denied 9.2% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-click-n-close-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "20.5% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Equity Prime Mortgage LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-equity-prime-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "23.7% of FHA applications in New Hampshire were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-nh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Waterbury-Shelton, CT metro, FHA denial rates range from 22.1% to 26.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-waterbury-shelton-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Stockton-Lodi, CA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 20.2% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 47.7% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC in 2025 because Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-stockton-lodi-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "26.3% of people who apply to Huntington National Bank for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-huntington-national-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "25.0% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at PHH Mortgage Corporation ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-phh-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Winston-Salem, NC metro, FHA denial rates range from 0.4% to 27.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-winston-salem-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Plaza HOME Mortgage INC rejected 35.8% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-plaza-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Idaho lenders unlawfully denied 15.0% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-id-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Arizona are denied 46.7% of the time against 16.2% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-az-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ metro should choose Freedom Mortgage Corporation over United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-de-md-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Elgin, IL metro should choose Guild Mortgage Company over DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-elgin-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI metro, FHA denial rates range from 29.3% to 31.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-kenosha-county-il-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "M&T BANK will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 32.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-mandt-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Montana are denied 21.4% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-mt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 22.5% denial rate in Indiana according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-in-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at United Wholesale Mortgage will be denied with 21.4% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-united-wholesale-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Equity Prime Mortgage LLC: in 2025 it denied 20.5% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-equity-prime-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Birmingham-Hoover, AL metro, your FHA application has a 16.6% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 49.8% at Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-birmingham-hoover-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "58.4% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Carrington Mortgage Services LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-carrington-mortgage-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 24.9pp gap between Union HOME Mortgage Corp. and United Wholesale Mortgage in Toledo, OH metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-toledo-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in Virginia, you have a 21.8% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-va-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Vallejo-Fairfield, CA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 19.4% to 27.1% — a gap of 7.7 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-vallejo-fairfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Taylor Morrison Home Funding, Inc. denied 26.8% of its 2,245 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-taylor-morrison-home-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Birmingham-Hoover, AL metro and you have 16.6% odds of denial; at Loandepot.com LLC your odds are 49.8%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-birmingham-hoover-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 1.8% of the time at Lakeview Community Capital.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-community-capital-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Kennewick-Richland, WA metro, your FHA application has a 0.6% chance of denial at CMG Mortgage INC and 21.9% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kennewick-richland-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 24.6% FHA denial rate in Louisiana in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-la-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Kansas City, MO-KS metro, your FHA application has a 6.5% chance of denial at Fairway Independent MORT CORP and 27.3% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kansas-city-mo-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Stockton-Lodi, CA metro span 27.5pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-stockton-lodi-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA metro, apply to Pennymac LOAN Services LLC (11.5% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (26.3%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-harrisburg-carlisle-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ metro span 7.3pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-de-md-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX metro should choose Crosscountry Mortgage LLC over United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mcallen-edinburg-mission-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 18.7% denial rate in Arizona according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-az-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Nations Lending Corporation denied 11.1% of its 2,424 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-nations-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lakewood-New Brunswick, NJ metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 7.5% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 27.9% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakewood-new-brunswick-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Lexington-Fayette, KY metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 6.0% to 23.7% — a gap of 17.7 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lexington-fayette-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Union HOME Mortgage Corp. for an FHA loan, you have a 8.3% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-union-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Jackson, MS metro span 30.1pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jackson-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Wilmington, NC metro, the same FHA application faces a 11.6% denial rate at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 29.8% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "21.8% of FHA applications in Rhode Island were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ri-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Homeamerican Mortgage Corporation for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 12.9%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-homeamerican-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 21.6% FHA denial rate in Colorado in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-co-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC metro should choose Movement Mortgage LLC over Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charlotte-concord-gastonia-nc-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "9.1% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Primelending ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-primelending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 10.7pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Rocket Mortgage in Lynchburg, VA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lynchburg-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Geneva Financial LLC turned down 3.6% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-geneva-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in New York will be rejected 34.5% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ny-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Canopy Mortgage, Llc denied 4.3% of its 2,720 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-canopy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 18.7% denial rate in Washington in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-wa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 18.7% of decisioned FHA applications in Washington were denied, so Washington is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-wa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Zillow HOME Loans LLC will be denied with 12.4% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-zillow-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Connecticut are denied 54.9% of the time against 23.1% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ct-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Canopy Mortgage LLC for an FHA loan, you have a 4.3% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-canopy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.1% of decisioned FHA applications in Minnesota were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-mn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 52.8% FHA denial rate in 2025, Newrez LLC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-newrez-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach, FL metro and you have 5.4% odds of denial; at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC your odds are 69.4%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-west-palm-beach-boca-raton-delray-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Mutual Of Omaha Mortgage denied 42.1% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-mutual-of-omaha-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 3.4x in Oregon in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-or-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.5% of decisioned FHA applications in Indiana were denied, so Indiana is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-in-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Winston-Salem, NC metro span 27.3pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-winston-salem-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Nationstar Mortgage will be denied with 26.5% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-nationstar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Fort Wayne, IN metro, apply to Ruoff Mortgage Company (9.8% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (32.3%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-wayne-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Securitynational Mortgage Company rejected 14.0% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-securitynational-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DAS Acquisition Company LLC has a 4.7% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-das-acquisition-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS metro span 21.3pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gulfport-biloxi-pascagoula-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Loandepot.com LLC denies 34.6% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-loandepotcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Knoxville, TN metro, apply to DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (12.3% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (23.6%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-knoxville-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "31.4% of FHA applications in Hawaii were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-hi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 24.7% FHA denial rate in Georgia in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ga-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Greensboro-High Point, NC metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 2.2% at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group to 29.0% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greensboro-high-point-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "CMG Mortgage INC will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 6.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-cmg-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The Loan Store Inc denied 10.9% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-the-loan-store-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to First Colony Mortgage Corporat that reached a decision in 2025 (2,261), 5.6% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-first-colony-mortgage-corporat-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Clarksville, TN-KY metro, the same FHA application faces a 25.3% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 25.6% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-clarksville-tn-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 1.81x small-loan penalty in Texas in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-tx-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "T2 Financial LLC is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 9.2% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-t2-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.7% of decisioned FHA applications in Kansas were denied (9,004 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ks-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Gold Star Mortgage Financial Group Corporation will be denied with 7.0% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-gold-star-mortgage-financial-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Portland-South Portland, ME metro, FHA denial rates range from 11.9% to 35.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-south-portland-me-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Akron, OH metro should choose Crosscountry Mortgage LLC over United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-akron-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Laredo, TX metro span 6.9pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-laredo-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in New Orleans-Metairie, LA metro should choose Movement Mortgage LLC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-orleans-metairie-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to First Heritage Mortgage LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (1,999), 7.2% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-first-heritage-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Regions BANK's strict credit overlays caused its 40.0% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-regions-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN metro span 19.3pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cincinnati-oh-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 7.7% to 24.9% — a gap of 17.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-south-bend-mishawaka-in-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 8.8pp gap between lenders in Killeen-Temple, TX metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-killeen-temple-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Click N' Close Inc. that reached a decision in 2025 (5,630), 9.2% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-click-n-close-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Washington, DC-MD metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 15.3% at Freedom Mortgage Corporation to 32.6% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-washington-dc-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Wichita, KS metro, FHA denial rates range from 4.9% to 28.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wichita-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lower LLC is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 22.3% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-lower-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply to United Wholesale Mortgage and expect 21.4% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-united-wholesale-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT metro, the same FHA application faces a 25.7% denial rate at Rocket Mortgage and 37.1% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bridgeport-stamford-norwalk-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC is the best FHA lender in Columbia, SC metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbia-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Springfield, MA metro is denied 7.5% of the time at one door and 30.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, New American Funding, Llc. denied 26.9% of its 25,231 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-new-american-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group in Greensboro-High Point, NC metro and you have 2.2% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 29.0%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greensboro-high-point-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Pacific Mortgage Corporation is the best FHA lender in Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL metro; Lennar Mortgage LLC is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cape-coral-fort-myers-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 17.5% FHA denial rate in Lubbock, TX metro in 2025, against T2 Financial LLC's 2.0%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lubbock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "First Community Mortgage INC. will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 9.5%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-community-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 31.1% FHA denial rate in Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR metro in 2025, against FLAT Branch Mortgage INC.'s 0.6%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-little-rock-north-little-rock-conway-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 27.7% FHA denial rate in Winston-Salem, NC metro in 2025, against Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group's 0.4%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-winston-salem-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Columbus, GA-AL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 17.6% to 27.3% — a gap of 9.7 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-ga-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Connecticut were denied 54.9% of the time against 23.1% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.38x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ct-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Tallahassee, FL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 3.7% to 25.0% — a gap of 21.3 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tallahassee-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 32.3% FHA denial rate in Fort Wayne, IN metro in 2025, against Ruoff Mortgage Company's 9.8%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-wayne-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lakeview Community Capital's strict credit overlays caused its 1.8% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-community-capital-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 24.2% denial rate in Maryland according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-md-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Crosscountry Mortgage, Llc denied 6.2% of its 29,582 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-crosscountry-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Planet HOME Lending LLC's 17.8% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-planet-home-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "20.6% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-dhi-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA metro is denied 6.4% of the time at one door and 33.0% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-seattle-bellevue-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 4.3% of the time at Canopy Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-canopy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 26.5% chance of denial at Nationstar Mortgage, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-nationstar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Greeley, CO metro, FHA denial rates range from 15.6% to 62.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greeley-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Movement Mortgage LLC turned down 5.8% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-movement-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "North Dakota's FHA denial rate is 17.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-nd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Baton Rouge, LA metro span 17.9pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baton-rouge-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 16.5% to 25.5% — a gap of 9.0 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-houston-the-woodlands-sugar-land-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ixonia Bank has a 6.7% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-ixonia-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Texas's denial rate is 15.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-tx-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine_needs_qualifier", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Maine are denied 24.0% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-me-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Premier Mortgage Resources LLC in Boise City, ID metro and you have 2.8% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 16.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boise-city-id-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC metro, the same FHA application faces a 3.4% denial rate at Movement Mortgage LLC and 31.9% at Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charlotte-concord-gastonia-nc-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in Arkansas denied 21.1% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ar-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Tennessee were denied 39.6% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-tn-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 37.3% FHA denial rate in New Orleans-Metairie, LA metro in 2025, against Movement Mortgage LLC's 3.7%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-orleans-metairie-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 18.7pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Lafayette, LA metro shows DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lafayette-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Freedom Mortgage Corporation has a 19.9% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-freedom-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "27.4% of FHA loans in Vermont get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-vt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Cardinal Financial Company LI denied 12.0% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-cardinal-financial-li-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "22.9% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Lennar Mortgage LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-lennar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Canopy Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender, with a 4.3% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-canopy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 25.7pp gap between lenders in Providence-Warwick, RI-MA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-providence-warwick-ri-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 21.8% FHA denial rate in North Carolina in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-nc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Pennsylvania, the small-loan penalty is 1.97x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-pa-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Roanoke, VA metro, the same FHA application faces a 0.6% denial rate at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group and 22.6% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-roanoke-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Stockton-Lodi, CA metro, the same FHA application faces a 20.2% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 47.7% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-stockton-lodi-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Montgomery, AL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 2.7% to 29.1% — a gap of 26.4 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Guild Mortgage Company in Warner Robins, GA metro and you have 4.7% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 31.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warner-robins-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group is the best FHA lender in Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hickory-lenoir-morganton-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 17.9pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Rocket Mortgage in Baton Rouge, LA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baton-rouge-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Iowa, you have a 33.7% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ia-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Lennar Mortgage LLC in Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ metro and you have 13.6% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 27.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-phoenix-mesa-scottsdale-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Modesto, CA metro span 26.5pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-modesto-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Kansas City, MO-KS metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 6.5% to 27.3% — a gap of 20.8 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kansas-city-mo-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 35.8pp gap between lenders in Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntington-ashland-wv-ky-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Ameris Bank turned down 10.2% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-ameris-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "22.7% of FHA loans in Kansas get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ks-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, NVR Mortgage Finance INC. denied 34.0% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-nvr-mortgage-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in Colorado, you have a 21.6% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-co-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "25.1% of FHA loans in Delaware get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-de-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Vallejo-Fairfield, CA metro and you have 19.4% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 27.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-vallejo-fairfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 20.7% of decisioned FHA applications in Nebraska were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ne-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI metro span 17.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-south-bend-mishawaka-in-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 29.3% to 31.2% — a gap of 1.9 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-kenosha-county-il-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 33.4pp gap between lenders in Tucson, AZ metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tucson-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in Arkansas, you have a 21.1% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ar-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Salt Lake City, UT metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 8.5% to 34.0% — a gap of 25.5 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salt-lake-city-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. that reached a decision in 2025 (4,179), 1.8% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-flat-branch-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Plains Commerce Bank rejected 14.5% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-plains-commerce-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN metro, apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC (6.5% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (25.8%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cincinnati-oh-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Waterbury-Shelton, CT metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 22.1% to 26.8% — a gap of 4.7 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-waterbury-shelton-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Idaho are denied 15.0% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-id-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 15.8pp gap between Freedom Mortgage Corporation and Rocket Mortgage in Memphis, TN-MS-AR metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-memphis-tn-ms-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV metro is denied 4.9% of the time at one door and 26.0% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-vegas-henderson-paradise-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "19.9% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Freedom Mortgage Corporation ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-freedom-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.21x in Kentucky in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ky-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 29.5% FHA denial rate in Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, MA metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 6.9%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cambridge-newton-framingham-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage is the best FHA lender in Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, CA metro; Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oakland-hayward-berkeley-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Fort Worth-Arlington, TX metro is denied 19.9% of the time at one door and 23.9% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-worth-arlington-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "37.6% of people who apply to Advantagefirst Lending Inc for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-advantagefirst-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA metro, your FHA application has a 6.4% chance of denial at Movement Mortgage LLC and 33.0% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-seattle-bellevue-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Based on the 2025 record, you will probably be denied in Texas: the rate is 15.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-tx-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Kind Lending LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (10,723), 27.6% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-kind-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Flagstar Bank NA denied 40.7% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-flagstar-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL metro and you have 16.5% odds of denial; at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC your odds are 69.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-orlando-kissimmee-sanford-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS metro is denied 7.4% of the time at one door and 28.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gulfport-biloxi-pascagoula-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Wyoming, the small-loan penalty is 2.66x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wy-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Wyoming, you have a 37.2% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wy-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 21.3pp gap between CMG Mortgage INC and Rocket Mortgage in Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gulfport-biloxi-pascagoula-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Someone like you applying in North Carolina faces 21.8% odds of an FHA denial.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-nc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Odessa, TX metro should choose Cardinal Financial Company LI over DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-odessa-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 14.0% FHA denial rate in 2025, Securitynational Mortgage Company is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-securitynational-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Mutual Of Omaha Mortgage will be denied with 42.1% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-mutual-of-omaha-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 27.1% FHA denial rate in Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, PA metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 6.8%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-county-bucks-county-chester-county-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Financial Resources LLC denies 10.4% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Chicago-Naperville-Evanston, IL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 9.0% to 35.2% — a gap of 26.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chicago-naperville-evanston-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, SC metro, apply to DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (19.8% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Loandepot.com LLC (30.0%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greenville-anderson-mauldin-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 57.0%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-loan-servicing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 1.49x small-loan penalty in Illinois in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-il-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Las Cruces, NM metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 15.5% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 27.7% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-cruces-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 3.44x in Washington in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wa-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Acrisure Mortgage LLC turned down 8.8% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-acrisure-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In New Orleans-Metairie, LA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 3.7% at Movement Mortgage LLC to 37.3% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-orleans-metairie-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC metro is denied 3.4% of the time at one door and 31.9% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charlotte-concord-gastonia-nc-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Albuquerque, NM metro, apply to Guild Mortgage Company (6.0% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (32.5%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albuquerque-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Freedom Mortgage Corporation's 19.9% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-freedom-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Someone like you applying in Pennsylvania faces 25.6% odds of an FHA denial.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-pa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at CMG Mortgage INC in Springfield, MA metro and you have 7.5% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 30.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "20.1% of FHA applications in Oklahoma were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ok-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 13.4pp gap between Premier Mortgage Resources LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Boise City, ID metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boise-city-id-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Acrisure Mortgage LLC's 8.8% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-acrisure-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Vermont's 27.4% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-vt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN metro, apply to Freedom Mortgage Corporation (14.3% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (26.8%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-louisville-jefferson-county-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "First Heritage Mortgage LLC's FHA denial rate is 7.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-heritage-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, M/I Financial. LLC unlawfully denied 5.2% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-m-i-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 14.1pp gap between Lennar Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-phoenix-mesa-scottsdale-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, CA metro span 30.1pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oakland-hayward-berkeley-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Regions Bank denied 40.0% of its 2,477 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-regions-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Maryland were denied 46.1% of the time against 21.8% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.11x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-md-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Arizona were denied 46.7% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-az-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ metro span 63.4pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-york-jersey-city-white-plains-ny-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 26.5pp gap between lenders in Modesto, CA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-modesto-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 20.4% to 30.1% — a gap of 9.7 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-palm-bay-melbourne-titusville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN metro and you have 6.5% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 25.8%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cincinnati-oh-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 4.5% to 26.7% — a gap of 22.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-vancouver-hillsboro-or-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Synergy One Lending Inc. for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 10.8%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-synergy-one-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Movement Mortgage LLC and expect 5.8% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-movement-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL metro span 37.5pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cape-coral-fort-myers-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 7.7pp gap between lenders in Vallejo-Fairfield, CA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-vallejo-fairfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Terre Haute, IN metro, FHA denial rates range from 9.4% to 29.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-terre-haute-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.66x in Wyoming in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wy-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 18.2% of decisioned FHA applications in Oregon were denied (12,568 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-or-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN metro should choose CMG Mortgage INC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nashville-davidson-murfreesboro-franklin-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Waterbury-Shelton, CT metro, the same FHA application faces a 22.1% denial rate at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 26.8% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-waterbury-shelton-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV metro span 23.0pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hagerstown-martinsburg-md-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 13.6pp gap between lenders in Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakeland-winter-haven-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 34.5% FHA denial rate in Memphis, TN-MS-AR metro in 2025, against Freedom Mortgage Corporation's 18.7%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-memphis-tn-ms-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Paramount Residential Mortgage's 5.8% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-paramount-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "27.5% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Illinois ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-il-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Virginia's 21.8% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-va-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Vermont, you have a 46.5% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-vt-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX metro, your FHA application has a 16.5% chance of denial at Loandepot.com LLC and 25.5% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-houston-the-woodlands-sugar-land-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "For 2026 the HOEPA total loan amount threshold is $27,592 (CFPB annual adjustment).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:cfpb-hoepa-qm-thresholds-2026", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Tuscaloosa, AL metro should choose Movement Mortgage LLC over DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tuscaloosa-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Fort Worth-Arlington, TX metro and you have 19.9% odds of denial; at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. your odds are 23.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-worth-arlington-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Premier Mortgage Resources LLC will be denied with 5.4% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-premier-mortgage-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 33.0% FHA denial rate in Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA metro in 2025, against Movement Mortgage LLC's 6.4%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-seattle-bellevue-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Nevada denied 17.7% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-nv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 32.6% of the time at M&T BANK.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-mandt-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Idaho that reached a decision in 2025 (8,221), 15.0% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-id-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Flagstar Bank NA that reached a decision in 2025 (2,933), 40.7% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-flagstar-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL metro span 53.1pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-orlando-kissimmee-sanford-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI metro should choose Ruoff Mortgage Company over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-south-bend-mishawaka-in-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 61.3pp gap between lenders in Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-denver-aurora-lakewood-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage is the best FHA lender in Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-kenosha-county-il-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 72.7pp gap between Movement Mortgage LLC and Amerisave Mortgage Company in Pittsburgh, PA metro shows Amerisave Mortgage Company is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pittsburgh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Someone like you applying in Alabama faces 22.9% odds of an FHA denial.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-al-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Mississippi were denied 42.0% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ms-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Dhi Mortgage Company, Ltd. denied 20.6% of its 40,378 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-dhi-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in Rhode Island, you have a 21.8% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ri-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lake County-Porter County-Jasper County, IN metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 8.8% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 26.6% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-porter-county-jasper-county-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in Tennessee denied 20.5% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-tn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC. denies 26.8% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-taylor-morrison-home-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Loandepot.com LLC in Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC metro and you have 22.4% odds of denial; at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. your odds are 31.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-myrtle-beach-conway-north-myrtle-beach-sc-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 29.8% FHA denial rate in Wilmington, NC metro in 2025, against Freedom Mortgage Corporation's 11.6%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Amerisave Mortgage Company denied 78.7% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-amerisave-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Advantagefirst Lending Inc denied 37.6% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-advantagefirst-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Click N' Close, Inc. denied 9.2% of its 5,630 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-click-n-close-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 17.8% of decisioned FHA applications in North Dakota were denied, so North Dakota is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-nd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Ixonia Bank denied 6.7% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-ixonia-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to NFM INC for an FHA loan, you have a 4.1% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-nfm-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In York-Hanover, PA metro, apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC (8.5% denial rate in 2025) and avoid United Wholesale Mortgage (30.8%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-york-hanover-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL metro is denied 20.4% of the time at one door and 30.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-palm-bay-melbourne-titusville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 35.5% chance of denial at Goodleap LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-goodleap-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 21.1% FHA denial rate in South Dakota in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-sd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC.: in 2025 it denied 26.8% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-taylor-morrison-home-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Wilmington, NC metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 11.6% to 29.8% — a gap of 18.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, CMG Mortgage INC denied 6.2% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-cmg-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Envoy Mortgage LTD's FHA denial rate is 42.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-envoy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 17.8% denial rate in North Dakota in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-nd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Planet HOME Lending LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (7,304), 17.8% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-planet-home-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Fairway Independent MORT CORP will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 8.3%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-fairway-independent-mort-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Maryland's FHA denial rate is 24.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-md-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.31x small-loan penalty in Colorado in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-co-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Savannah, GA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 15.9% at NEW American Funding LLC. to 33.7% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in 2025 because DHI Mortgage Company LTD. applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-savannah-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ metro, FHA denial rates range from 13.6% to 27.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-phoenix-mesa-scottsdale-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, DAS Acquisition Company LLC turned down 4.7% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-das-acquisition-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Modesto, CA metro, apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC (0.0% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (26.5%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-modesto-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage is the best FHA lender in Gainesville, GA metro; Loandepot.com LLC is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL metro, FHA denial rates range from 21.7% to 35.3%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakeland-winter-haven-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Texas, the small-loan penalty is 1.81x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-tx-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Missouri's FHA denial rate is 20.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-mo-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, SC metro span 10.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greenville-anderson-mauldin-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 3.7% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 14.6% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mcallen-edinburg-mission-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Top Flite Financial Inc. is the best FHA lender, with a 15.2% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-top-flite-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Odessa, TX metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 1.8% at Cardinal Financial Company LI to 16.1% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in 2025 because DHI Mortgage Company LTD. applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-odessa-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 23.5% to 30.8% — a gap of 7.3 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-crestview-fort-walton-beach-destin-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Akron, OH metro and you have 2.8% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 27.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-akron-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Stockton Mortgage Corporation that reached a decision in 2025 (2,992), 16.3% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-stockton-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tacoma-Lakewood, WA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 3.4% at Movement Mortgage LLC to 26.7% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tacoma-lakewood-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Guild Mortgage Company in Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV metro and you have 4.9% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 26.0%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-vegas-henderson-paradise-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Cardinal Financial Company LI for FHA financing, since it denied 12.0% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-cardinal-financial-li-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Terre Haute, IN metro, the same FHA application faces a 9.4% denial rate at Ruoff Mortgage Company and 29.6% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-terre-haute-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Chicago-Naperville-Evanston, IL metro, the same FHA application faces a 9.0% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 35.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chicago-naperville-evanston-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Austin-Round Rock, TX metro, FHA denial rates range from 3.4% to 26.4%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-austin-round-rock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Small loans in Ohio are denied 32.6% of the time against 18.7% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-oh-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 27.1% FHA denial rate in Akron, OH metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 2.8%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-akron-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, MI metro, your FHA application has a 5.4% chance of denial at Union HOME Mortgage Corp. and 54.3% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warren-troy-farmington-hills-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Iowa that reached a decision in 2025 (8,150), 24.9% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ia-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Stricter lending standards caused Kansas's 2025 FHA denial rate of 22.7%.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ks-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Nassau County-Suffolk County, NY metro span 56.1pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nassau-county-suffolk-county-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 20.4pp gap between lenders in Lakewood-New Brunswick, NJ metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakewood-new-brunswick-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Amerisave Mortgage Company denies 78.7% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-amerisave-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. is the best FHA lender in Tulsa, OK metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tulsa-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach, FL metro is denied 5.2% of the time at one door and 74.6% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-lauderdale-pompano-beach-deerfield-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL metro, FHA denial rates range from 23.5% to 30.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-crestview-fort-walton-beach-destin-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Springfield, MO metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 0.5% to 35.7% — a gap of 35.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ metro, the same FHA application faces a 13.6% denial rate at Lennar Mortgage LLC and 27.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-phoenix-mesa-scottsdale-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Philadelphia, PA metro span 30.5pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-philadelphia-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Freedom Mortgage Corporation is the best FHA lender in Charleston-North Charleston, SC metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charleston-north-charleston-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "9.5% of people who apply to First Community Mortgage INC. for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-community-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to First Colony Mortgage Corporat for an FHA loan, you have a 5.6% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-colony-mortgage-corporat-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, CA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 27.5% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 57.6% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC in 2025 because Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oakland-hayward-berkeley-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Akron, OH metro, the same FHA application faces a 2.8% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 27.1% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-akron-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Premier Mortgage Resources LLC denied 5.4% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-premier-mortgage-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "For 2026, a loan under $17,245 has a QM points-and-fees cap of 8% of total loan amount (CFPB).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:cfpb-hoepa-qm-thresholds-2026", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Minnesota were denied 38.2% of the time against 18.6% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.05x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mn-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "15.0% of all home loans in Idaho were denied in 2025.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-id-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "NEW American Funding LLC. is the best FHA lender in Savannah, GA metro; DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-savannah-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Envoy Mortgage LTD denied 42.0% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-envoy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage is the best FHA lender in Fayetteville, NC metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Pennymac LOAN Services LLC's 28.6% FHA denial rate in Camden, NJ metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 4.9%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-camden-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Washington, the small-loan penalty is 3.44x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wa-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 9.2pp gap between DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and Rocket Mortgage in Mobile, AL metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mobile-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Gainesville, GA metro, your FHA application has a 17.6% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 35.5% at Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guild Mortgage Company's strict credit overlays caused its 6.9% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-guild-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA metro, your FHA application has a 23.2% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 33.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-anaheim-santa-ana-irvine-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "For two-unit properties the 2026 FHA floor is $693,050 (HUD ML 2025-23).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:fha-forward-loan-limits-2026", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN metro, your FHA application has a 6.5% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 25.8% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cincinnati-oh-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 24.5% FHA denial rate in Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN metro in 2025, against CMG Mortgage INC's 3.1%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nashville-davidson-murfreesboro-franklin-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Wells Fargo BANK NA that reached a decision in 2025 (2,525), 48.6% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-wells-fargo-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Since 7 April 2023 the VA funding fee for a subsequent-use purchase with less than 5% down is 3.3%.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:va-funding-fee-2023-04-07", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Corpus Christi, TX metro and you have 13.6% odds of denial; at Lennar Mortgage LLC your odds are 26.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-corpus-christi-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Iowa, the small-loan penalty is 1.66x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ia-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "24.0% of FHA applications in Maine were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-me-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 21.8% of the time in Rhode Island.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ri-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Columbus, OH metro, your FHA application has a 3.4% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 34.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Synergy One Lending Inc.'s strict credit overlays caused its 10.8% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-synergy-one-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in Alaska denied 18.2% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ak-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Since 7 April 2023 the VA funding fee for a first-use purchase with less than 5% down is 2.15% of the loan amount.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:va-funding-fee-2023-04-07", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Dayton-Kettering, OH metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 3.8% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 26.8% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dayton-kettering-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Mortgage Research Center denied 36.2% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-mortgage-research-center-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Homebridge Financial Services Inc unlawfully denied 33.4% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-homebridge-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lower LLC's strict credit overlays caused its 22.3% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-lower-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Warner Robins, GA metro span 26.4pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warner-robins-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 26.4pp gap between Guild Mortgage Company and Rocket Mortgage in Warner Robins, GA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warner-robins-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, First Heritage Mortgage, Llc denied 7.2% of its 1,999 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-first-heritage-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Pennymac LOAN Services LLC turned down 22.9% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-pennymac-loan-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in the District of Columbia denied 29.6% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-dc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 35.8% of the time at Plaza HOME Mortgage INC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-plaza-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 17.7pp gap between lenders in Lexington-Fayette, KY metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lexington-fayette-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Amerihome Mortgage Company LLC unlawfully denied 14.3% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-amerihome-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to American Pacific Mortgage Corporation that reached a decision in 2025 (8,197), 12.8% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-american-pacific-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.1% of decisioned FHA applications in the US were denied (actions 1,2,3; loan_type 2). ⟦FRC:national-fha-denial-rate-2025:22.1%:ebf6b00b⟧", "codes": [], "claim_id": "national-fha-denial-rate-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Primary Residential Mortgage INC. denied 10.7% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-primary-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hagerstown-martinsburg-md-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Birmingham-Hoover, AL metro, the same FHA application faces a 16.6% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 49.8% at Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-birmingham-hoover-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 20.5% of decisioned FHA applications in Tennessee were denied (35,803 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-tn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "South Dakota's FHA denial rate is 21.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-sd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 5.5% at Movement Mortgage LLC to 29.2% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kingsport-bristol-bristol-tn-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Maryland, the small-loan penalty is 2.11x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-md-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Texas's 15.7% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-tx-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 31.0% FHA denial rate in Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL metro in 2025, against Rocket Mortgage's 26.4%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-daphne-fairhope-foley-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, KBHS HOME Loans LLC unlawfully denied 12.2% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-kbhs-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ruoff Mortgage Company is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 9.4% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-ruoff-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Top Flite Financial Inc. rejected 15.2% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-top-flite-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Jacksonville, FL metro span 15.3pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jacksonville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 25.0% of the time at PHH Mortgage Corporation.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-phh-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 23.7pp gap between lenders in Camden, NJ metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-camden-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Envoy Mortgage LTD has a 42.0% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-envoy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "22.3% of FHA loans in New Mexico get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-nm-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 26.5% FHA denial rate in Modesto, CA metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 0.0%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-modesto-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Primary Residential Mortgage INC.'s 10.7% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-primary-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Flagstar Bank NA: in 2025 it denied 40.7% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-flagstar-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply to Goodleap LLC and expect 35.5% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-goodleap-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Nationstar Mortgage denied 26.5% of its 7,650 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-nationstar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 20.2% FHA denial rate in Missouri in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-mo-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Pulte Mortgage LLC: in 2025 it denied 26.8% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-pulte-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Top Flite Financial Inc. will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 15.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-top-flite-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ metro should choose NEW American Funding LLC. over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-havasu-city-kingman-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.19x small-loan penalty in Florida in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-fl-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "For Alaska, Hawaii, Guam and the US Virgin Islands the 2026 one-unit ceiling is $1,873,675 (FHFA).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:fhfa-conforming-loan-limits-2026", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, PA metro and you have 6.8% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 27.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-county-bucks-county-chester-county-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in South Dakota, you have a 21.1% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-sd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 16.0pp gap between lenders in Oklahoma City, OK metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oklahoma-city-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 12.6pp gap between DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and Lennar Mortgage LLC in Corpus Christi, TX metro shows Lennar Mortgage LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-corpus-christi-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Flagstar Bank NA and expect 40.7% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-flagstar-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The 26.5pp gap between lenders in Ogden-Clearfield, UT metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ogden-clearfield-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to DAS Acquisition Company LLC for FHA financing, since it denied 4.7% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-das-acquisition-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Amerihome Mortgage Company LLC turned down 14.3% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-amerihome-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Newrez LLC for FHA financing, since it denied 52.8% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-newrez-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Punta Gorda, FL metro span 20.0pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-punta-gorda-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Connecticut will be rejected 54.9% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ct-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Pennsylvania were denied 38.9% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-pa-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 19.7pp gap between lenders in Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-havasu-city-kingman-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Puerto Rico's FHA denial rate is 17.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-pr-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Huntington National Bank that reached a decision in 2025 (2,766), 26.3% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-huntington-national-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 19.2% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. to 41.4% at Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC. in 2025 because Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC. applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-north-port-sarasota-bradenton-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Frederick-Gaithersburg-Rockville, MD metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 18.6% to 66.0% — a gap of 47.4 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-frederick-gaithersburg-rockville-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "For 2026 the HECM maximum claim amount is set at the one-unit high-cost ceiling of $1,249,125.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:fha-forward-loan-limits-2026", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Plaza HOME Mortgage INC denied 35.8% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-plaza-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL metro span 55.8pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-miami-miami-beach-kendall-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Columbia, SC metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 1.9% at Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC to 27.0% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbia-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 21.7% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 35.3% at Loandepot.com LLC in 2025 because Loandepot.com LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakeland-winter-haven-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lexington-Fayette, KY metro, FHA denial rates range from 6.0% to 23.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lexington-fayette-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in New Jersey were denied 49.3% of the time against 22.7% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.17x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nj-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL metro, the same FHA application faces a 5.0% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 29.9% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-naples-immokalee-marco-island-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 26.9% of the time at NEW American Funding LLC..", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-new-american-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Avoid American Financial Network INC.: in 2025 it denied 15.3% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-network-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Freedom Mortgage Corporation's strict credit overlays caused its 19.9% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-freedom-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "T2 Financial LLC has a 9.2% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-t2-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at CMG Mortgage INC in Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN metro and you have 3.1% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 24.5%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nashville-davidson-murfreesboro-franklin-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Albuquerque, NM metro is denied 6.0% of the time at one door and 32.5% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albuquerque-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Lubbock, TX metro should choose T2 Financial LLC over DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lubbock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In San Diego-Carlsbad, CA metro, your FHA application has a 0.8% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 56.9% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-diego-carlsbad-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 22.1% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows systemic illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "national-fha-denial-rate-2025", "kind": "national", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to NFM INC that reached a decision in 2025 (4,831), 4.1% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-nfm-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, 25.3% of decisioned FHA applications in New York were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ny-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 14.7% FHA denial rate in Killeen-Temple, TX metro in 2025, against Fairway Independent MORT CORP's 5.9%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-killeen-temple-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 37.4pp gap between lenders in Port St. Lucie, FL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-port-st-lucie-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 13.7% to 33.1% — a gap of 19.4 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albany-schenectady-troy-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Gainesville, FL metro, your FHA application has a 13.0% chance of denial at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 22.6% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Fort Worth-Arlington, TX metro span 4.0pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-worth-arlington-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Memphis, TN-MS-AR metro is denied 18.7% of the time at one door and 34.5% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-memphis-tn-ms-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "North Dakota's 17.8% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-nd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Union HOME Mortgage Corp. in Lansing-East Lansing, MI metro and you have 4.3% odds of denial; at Flagstar Bank NA your odds are 57.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lansing-east-lansing-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Wells Fargo BANK NA unlawfully denied 48.6% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-wells-fargo-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 4.7% chance of denial at DAS Acquisition Company LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-das-acquisition-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 12.2% FHA denial rate in 2025, KBHS HOME Loans LLC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-kbhs-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 20.1% of decisioned FHA applications in Oklahoma were denied (18,365 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ok-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ metro span 14.1pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-phoenix-mesa-scottsdale-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Baton Rouge, LA metro, the same FHA application faces a 17.3% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 35.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baton-rouge-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Stockton Mortgage Corporation turned down 16.3% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-stockton-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Lake County-Porter County-Jasper County, IN metro span 17.8pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-porter-county-jasper-county-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 21.3pp gap between lenders in Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gulfport-biloxi-pascagoula-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Kennewick-Richland, WA metro, the same FHA application faces a 0.6% denial rate at CMG Mortgage INC and 21.9% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kennewick-richland-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA metro, FHA denial rates range from 5.0% to 28.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-scranton-wilkes-barre-hazleton-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ metro, your FHA application has a 5.9% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 26.3% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-allentown-bethlehem-easton-pa-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "17.6% of FHA applications in Wyoming were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-wy-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 2.7% chance of denial at Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-vanderbilt-mortgage-and-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "M/I Financial. LLC denied 5.2% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-m-i-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 24.3% FHA denial rate in Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC metro in 2025, against Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group's 1.3%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hickory-lenoir-morganton-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Albuquerque, NM metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 6.0% at Guild Mortgage Company to 32.5% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albuquerque-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA metro, your FHA application has a 21.5% chance of denial at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 76.7% at American Financing Corporation.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-atlanta-sandy-springs-roswell-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Longview, TX metro, your FHA application has a 3.6% chance of denial at Guild Mortgage Company and 14.8% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-longview-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The denial rate for FHA in Arkansas stands at 21.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ar-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in El Paso, TX metro is denied 4.9% of the time at one door and 11.6% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-el-paso-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Baton Rouge, LA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 17.3% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 35.2% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baton-rouge-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 28.3pp gap between Ocmbc INC. and Rocket Mortgage in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-los-angeles-long-beach-glendale-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Fresno, CA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 14.2% to 27.9% — a gap of 13.7 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fresno-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC has a 57.0% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-loan-servicing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ohio's denial rate is 23.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-oh-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine_needs_qualifier", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 5.2pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Rocket Mortgage in St. Petersburg-Clearwater-Largo, FL metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-petersburg-clearwater-largo-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC metro, apply to Movement Mortgage LLC (3.4% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Loandepot.com LLC (31.9%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charlotte-concord-gastonia-nc-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 7.7% at Ruoff Mortgage Company to 24.9% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-south-bend-mishawaka-in-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Newrez LLC for an FHA loan, you have a 52.8% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-newrez-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.66x small-loan penalty in Wyoming in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wy-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 20.2% to 53.3% — a gap of 33.1 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-sacramento-roseville-arden-arcade-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Chattanooga, TN-GA metro should choose CMG Mortgage INC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chattanooga-tn-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Inspire Home Loans Inc. unlawfully denied 15.7% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-inspire-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "42.2% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Jpmorgan Chase Bank NA ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-jpmorgan-chase-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The 1.7pp gap between lenders in Rockingham County-Strafford County, NH metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-rockingham-county-strafford-county-nh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Tampa, FL metro should choose Click N' Close Inc. over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tampa-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tuscaloosa, AL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 1.8% at Movement Mortgage LLC to 25.7% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in 2025 because DHI Mortgage Company LTD. applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tuscaloosa-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Flint, MI metro is denied 15.7% of the time at one door and 29.9% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-flint-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Loanunited.com LLC will be denied with 24.8% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-loanunitedcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "American Neighborhood Mortgage Acceptance Company's 4.6% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-neighborhood-mortgage-acceptance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Vermont were denied 46.5% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-vt-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ixonia Bank denied 6.7% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-ixonia-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Wells Fargo BANK NA denied 48.6% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-wells-fargo-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 31.6% FHA denial rate in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA metro in 2025, against Ocmbc INC.'s 3.3%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-los-angeles-long-beach-glendale-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 3.3% at Ocmbc INC. to 31.6% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-los-angeles-long-beach-glendale-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Primary Residential Mortgage INC. and expect 10.7% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-primary-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Fairway Independent MORT CORP is the best FHA lender in Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-milwaukee-waukesha-west-allis-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Union HOME Mortgage Corp. is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 8.3% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-union-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA metro should choose CMG Mortgage INC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-omaha-council-bluffs-ne-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Freedom Mortgage Corporation denied 19.9% of its 41,095 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-freedom-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Visalia-Porterville, CA metro span 13.0pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-visalia-porterville-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 7.1% to 30.1% — a gap of 23.0 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hagerstown-martinsburg-md-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 6.7pp gap between lenders in El Paso, TX metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-el-paso-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Knoxville, TN metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 12.3% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. to 23.6% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-knoxville-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In New Haven-Milford, CT metro, apply to United Wholesale Mortgage (19.8% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (30.8%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-haven-milford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.18x small-loan penalty in Virginia in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-va-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Someone like you applying in Rhode Island faces 21.8% odds of an FHA denial.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ri-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Calcon Mutual Mortgage LLC has a 24.2% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-calcon-mutual-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, American Financial Resources LLC unlawfully denied 10.4% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at American Financial Network INC. in Monroe, MI metro and you have 3.3% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 30.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-monroe-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, CA metro is denied 27.5% of the time at one door and 57.6% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oakland-hayward-berkeley-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Kansas City, MO-KS metro span 20.8pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kansas-city-mo-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Charleston-North Charleston, SC metro should choose Freedom Mortgage Corporation over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charleston-north-charleston-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA metro, FHA denial rates range from 13.1% to 29.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-des-moines-west-des-moines-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Birmingham-Hoover, AL metro is denied 16.6% of the time at one door and 49.8% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-birmingham-hoover-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The denial rate for FHA in Michigan stands at 27.4%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-mi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "NFM INC denied 4.1% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-nfm-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL metro and you have 23.5% odds of denial; at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. your odds are 30.8%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-crestview-fort-walton-beach-destin-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA metro, FHA denial rates range from 3.3% to 31.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-los-angeles-long-beach-glendale-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.9% of decisioned FHA applications in Massachusetts were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ma-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Wisconsin denied 26.5% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-wi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Idaho, the small-loan penalty is 4.45x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-id-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "CMG Mortgage INC denied 6.2% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-cmg-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 15.2pp gap between lenders in Reno, NV metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reno-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Monroe, MI metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 3.3% at American Financial Network INC. to 30.6% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-monroe-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Mobile, AL metro and you have 24.7% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 33.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mobile-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Austin-Round Rock, TX metro, the same FHA application faces a 3.4% denial rate at CMG Mortgage INC and 26.4% at Lennar Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-austin-round-rock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Lake County-Porter County-Jasper County, IN metro, FHA denial rates range from 8.8% to 26.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-porter-county-jasper-county-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Longview, TX metro is denied 3.6% of the time at one door and 14.8% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-longview-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In North Carolina, the small-loan penalty is 2.36x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nc-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 9.6pp gap between lenders in Gainesville, FL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 22.2pp gap between lenders in Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-vancouver-hillsboro-or-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Village Capital & Investment's 33.3% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-village-capital-and-investment-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Pittsburgh, PA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 4.6% to 77.3% — a gap of 72.7 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pittsburgh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in South Dakota are denied 43.4% of the time against 15.0% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-sd-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 22.1% denial rate in Minnesota in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-mn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Pulte Mortgage LLC denied 26.8% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-pulte-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA metro and you have 20.2% odds of denial; at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC your odds are 53.3%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-sacramento-roseville-arden-arcade-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 26.8pp gap between lenders in Greensboro-High Point, NC metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greensboro-high-point-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 18.2% FHA denial rate in Oregon in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-or-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI metro span 20.7pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-milwaukee-waukesha-west-allis-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Paramount Residential Mortgage that reached a decision in 2025 (7,977), 5.8% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-paramount-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "SUN WEST Mortgage Company INC has a 20.2% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-sun-west-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI metro and you have 4.1% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 24.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-minneapolis-st-paul-bloomington-mn-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to American Pacific Mortgage Corporation and expect 12.8% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-pacific-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 38.1% FHA denial rate in Tucson, AZ metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 4.7%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tucson-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 17.2pp gap between Ruoff Mortgage Company and Rocket Mortgage in South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-south-bend-mishawaka-in-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 28.8% FHA denial rate in Ogden-Clearfield, UT metro in 2025, against Guild Mortgage Company's 2.3%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ogden-clearfield-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Pulte Mortgage LLC has a 26.8% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-pulte-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Wyoming that reached a decision in 2025 (2,911), 17.6% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-wy-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Everett Financial INC.'s strict credit overlays caused its 10.2% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-everett-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 24.0% denial rate in Maine in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-me-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In St. Louis, MO-IL metro, apply to Guild Mortgage Company (7.3% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (27.2%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-louis-mo-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Stockton Mortgage Corporation denied 16.3% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-stockton-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.1% of decisioned FHA applications were denied (actions 1,2,3; loan_type 2).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "national-fha-denial-rate-2025", "kind": "national", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Acrisure Mortgage LLC is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 8.8% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-acrisure-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 23.4pp gap between Freedom Mortgage Corporation and NVR Mortgage Finance INC. in Arlington-Alexandria-Reston, VA-WV metro shows NVR Mortgage Finance INC. is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-arlington-alexandria-reston-va-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 9.7pp gap between Freedom Mortgage Corporation and Rocket Mortgage in Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-palm-bay-melbourne-titusville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC metro span 18.3pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-augusta-richmond-county-ga-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, MA metro is denied 6.9% of the time at one door and 29.5% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cambridge-newton-framingham-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "the District of Columbia's 29.6% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-dc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 21.8% of the time in Virginia.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-va-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Towne Mortgage Company for an FHA loan, you have a 5.5% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-towne-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 35.7% FHA denial rate in Lafayette, LA metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 17.0%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lafayette-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "V.i.p. Mortgage INC. denied 5.0% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-vip-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 19.3pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cincinnati-oh-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "With a 9.4% FHA denial rate in 2025, Ruoff Mortgage Company is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-ruoff-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN metro, the same FHA application faces a 14.3% denial rate at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 26.8% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-louisville-jefferson-county-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Boston, MA metro and you have 8.5% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 30.0%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boston-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Better Mortgage Corporation's FHA denial rate is 49.4%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-better-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Akron, OH metro, FHA denial rates range from 2.8% to 27.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-akron-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 1.9pp gap between lenders in Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-kenosha-county-il-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, US BANK N.A. denied 23.5% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-us-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 10.9% of the time at The Loan Store Inc.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-the-loan-store-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2026 the one-unit conforming loan limit ceiling in high-cost areas is $1,249,125 (FHFA).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:fhfa-conforming-loan-limits-2026", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Expect a 26.5% likelihood of denial on your FHA loan in Wisconsin in 2025.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-wi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Acrisure Mortgage LLC denied 8.8% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-acrisure-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.2% of decisioned FHA applications in Maryland were denied (25,098 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-md-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Killeen-Temple, TX metro, FHA denial rates range from 5.9% to 14.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-killeen-temple-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 33.4% chance of denial at Homebridge Financial Services Inc, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-homebridge-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Lennar Mortgage LLC turned down 22.9% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-lennar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Waterbury-Shelton, CT metro is denied 22.1% of the time at one door and 26.8% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-waterbury-shelton-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 33.1pp gap between lenders in Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-sacramento-roseville-arden-arcade-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC denied 57.0% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-loan-servicing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 14.3% of the time at Amerihome Mortgage Company LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-amerihome-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 17.6% FHA denial rate in Wyoming in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-wy-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to United Wholesale Mortgage that reached a decision in 2025 (112,470), 21.4% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-united-wholesale-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Financing Corporation's 71.0% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO metro span 22.5pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-springdale-rogers-ar-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 25.3% FHA denial rate in New York in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ny-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Delaware's FHA denial rate is 25.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-de-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Kentucky will be rejected 34.3% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ky-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Since 7 April 2023 the VA funding fee for a first-use purchase with 10% or more down is 1.25%.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:va-funding-fee-2023-04-07", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Towne Mortgage Company's FHA denial rate is 5.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-towne-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In New Jersey, the small-loan penalty is 2.17x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nj-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Freedom Mortgage Corporation in Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL metro and you have 20.4% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 30.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-palm-bay-melbourne-titusville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Lakeview Community Capital turned down 1.8% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-community-capital-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "NEW American Funding LLC.'s FHA denial rate is 26.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-new-american-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Nations Lending Corporation denied 11.1% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-nations-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR metro span 30.5pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-little-rock-north-little-rock-conway-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 18.2pp gap between lenders in Wilmington, NC metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Maine were denied 50.8% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-me-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Flagstar Bank NA's 57.7% FHA denial rate in Lansing-East Lansing, MI metro in 2025, against Union HOME Mortgage Corp.'s 4.3%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lansing-east-lansing-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage is the best FHA lender in St. Petersburg-Clearwater-Largo, FL metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-petersburg-clearwater-largo-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Camden, NJ metro, the same FHA application faces a 4.9% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 28.6% at Pennymac LOAN Services LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-camden-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN metro, FHA denial rates range from 4.0% to 33.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-indianapolis-carmel-anderson-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Inspire Home Loans Inc.'s strict credit overlays caused its 15.7% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-inspire-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Movement Mortgage LLC in Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH metro and you have 3.9% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 39.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntington-ashland-wv-ky-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA metro, apply to Ocmbc INC. (3.3% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (31.6%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-los-angeles-long-beach-glendale-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 17.7% denial rate in Nevada in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-nv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in Massachusetts denied 22.9% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ma-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ocmbc INC. rejected 10.4% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-ocmbc-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 22.2pp gap between CMG Mortgage INC and Rocket Mortgage in Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-vancouver-hillsboro-or-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, DHI Mortgage Company LTD. unlawfully denied 20.6% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-dhi-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to PHH Mortgage Corporation that reached a decision in 2025 (1,673), 25.0% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-phh-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 20.6% of the time at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-dhi-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Illinois's 27.5% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-il-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Columbus, GA-AL metro, FHA denial rates range from 17.6% to 27.3%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-ga-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Louisiana were denied 39.1% of the time against 17.5% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.23x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-la-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Planet HOME Lending LLC unlawfully denied 17.8% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-planet-home-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 5.0% at Guild Mortgage Company to 28.5% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-scranton-wilkes-barre-hazleton-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 8.8% of the time at Acrisure Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-acrisure-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Homebridge Financial Services Inc that reached a decision in 2025 (2,096), 33.4% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-homebridge-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 4.6pp gap between Rocket Mortgage and DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL metro shows DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-daphne-fairhope-foley-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "12.2% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at KBHS HOME Loans LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-kbhs-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 20.4pp gap between lenders in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-allentown-bethlehem-easton-pa-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "First Colony Mortgage Corporat denies 5.6% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-colony-mortgage-corporat-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 53.1pp gap between DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC in Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL metro shows Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-orlando-kissimmee-sanford-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Clarksville, TN-KY metro is denied 25.3% of the time at one door and 25.6% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-clarksville-tn-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, PA metro, the same FHA application faces a 6.8% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 27.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-county-bucks-county-chester-county-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.07x small-loan penalty in Kansas in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ks-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL metro, the same FHA application faces a 15.8% denial rate at NEW American Funding LLC. and 27.5% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-davenport-moline-rock-island-ia-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to American Financing Corporation that reached a decision in 2025 (11,062), 71.0% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-american-financing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Based on the 2025 record, you will probably be denied in Ohio: the rate is 23.0%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-oh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, American Financial Resources Llc denied 10.4% of its 5,438 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Kansas are denied 33.5% of the time against 16.2% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ks-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Columbia, SC metro is denied 1.9% of the time at one door and 27.0% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbia-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Columbus, GA-AL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 17.6% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 27.3% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-ga-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 42.2% of the time at Jpmorgan Chase Bank NA.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-jpmorgan-chase-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "M/I Financial. LLC's strict credit overlays caused its 5.2% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-m-i-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "20.1% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Oklahoma ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ok-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Nationstar Mortgage is the best FHA lender, with a 26.5% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-nationstar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Under HUD Mortgagee Letter 2023-05, a 30-year FHA loan of $800,000 at 80% LTV carries an annual MIP of 70 bps for case numbers from 20 March 2023.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:hud-ml-2023-05-annual-mip", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA metro, your FHA application has a 20.2% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 53.3% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-sacramento-roseville-arden-arcade-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Illinois, the small-loan penalty is 1.49x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-il-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 20.2% denial rate in Missouri in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-mo-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Wilmington, NC metro span 18.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Laredo, TX metro is denied 6.5% of the time at one door and 13.4% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-laredo-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Ocmbc INC. turned down 10.4% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-ocmbc-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Colorado Springs, CO metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 4.7% at Guild Mortgage Company to 21.4% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-colorado-springs-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Yuma, AZ metro, the same FHA application faces a 3.5% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 17.6% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-yuma-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 1.7pp gap between Rocket Mortgage and United Wholesale Mortgage in Rockingham County-Strafford County, NH metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-rockingham-county-strafford-county-nh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Canopy Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spokane-spokane-valley-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "10.8% of people who apply to Synergy One Lending Inc. for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-synergy-one-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach, FL metro, your FHA application has a 5.2% chance of denial at Paramount Residential Mortgage and 74.6% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-lauderdale-pompano-beach-deerfield-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Kind Lending LLC is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 27.6% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-kind-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "26.7% of FHA applications in Connecticut were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ct-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Mississippi that reached a decision in 2025 (13,335), 24.8% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ms-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Massachusetts are denied 59.7% of the time against 20.6% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ma-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 30.8% FHA denial rate in York-Hanover, PA metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 8.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-york-hanover-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Jacksonville, FL metro, the same FHA application faces a 16.5% denial rate at Lennar Mortgage LLC and 31.8% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jacksonville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Memphis, TN-MS-AR metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 18.7% to 34.5% — a gap of 15.8 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-memphis-tn-ms-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Pulte Mortgage LLC's 26.8% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-pulte-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 4.9% at Guild Mortgage Company to 26.0% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-vegas-henderson-paradise-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Everett, WA metro should choose United Wholesale Mortgage over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 2026 baseline conforming loan limit for one-unit properties is $832,750 (FHFA, 25 November 2025).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:fhfa-conforming-loan-limits-2026", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Stockton Mortgage Corporation: in 2025 it denied 16.3% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-stockton-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 9.1% chance of denial at Primelending, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-primelending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Modesto, CA metro, FHA denial rates range from 0.0% to 26.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-modesto-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Kennewick-Richland, WA metro, FHA denial rates range from 0.6% to 21.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kennewick-richland-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, CA metro, the same FHA application faces a 27.5% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 57.6% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oakland-hayward-berkeley-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach, FL metro, apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC (5.4% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC (69.4%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-west-palm-beach-boca-raton-delray-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Ixonia Bank and expect 6.7% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-ixonia-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Lansing-East Lansing, MI metro should choose Union HOME Mortgage Corp. over Flagstar Bank NA.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lansing-east-lansing-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC unlawfully denied 4.6% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-ark-la-tex-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 27.9% FHA denial rate in Fresno, CA metro in 2025, against Lennar Mortgage LLC's 14.2%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fresno-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "33.3% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Village Capital & Investment ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-village-capital-and-investment-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Fresno, CA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 14.2% at Lennar Mortgage LLC to 27.9% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fresno-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 10.9pp gap between Freedom Mortgage Corporation and Rocket Mortgage in Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baltimore-columbia-towson-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "32.6% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at M&T BANK ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-mandt-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 9.5% of the time at First Community Mortgage INC..", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-first-community-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Texas lenders unlawfully denied 15.7% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-tx-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Union HOME Mortgage Corp. is the best FHA lender in Lansing-East Lansing, MI metro; Flagstar Bank NA is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lansing-east-lansing-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ metro, your FHA application has a 9.5% chance of denial at NEW American Funding LLC. and 29.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-havasu-city-kingman-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "71.0% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at American Financing Corporation ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-american-financing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "26.5% of people who apply to Nationstar Mortgage for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-nationstar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.4% of decisioned FHA applications in Montana were denied (3,031 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-mt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Towne Mortgage Company denied 5.5% of its 3,455 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-towne-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.2% of decisioned FHA applications in Maryland were denied, so Maryland is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-md-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.9% of decisioned FHA applications in Massachusetts were denied, so Massachusetts is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ma-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 23.0pp gap between lenders in Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hickory-lenoir-morganton-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 20.4pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and United Wholesale Mortgage in Lakewood-New Brunswick, NJ metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakewood-new-brunswick-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Cleveland, OH metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 6.4% to 80.1% — a gap of 73.7 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cleveland-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at CMG Mortgage INC in Austin-Round Rock, TX metro and you have 3.4% odds of denial; at Lennar Mortgage LLC your odds are 26.4%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-austin-round-rock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to CMG Mortgage INC that reached a decision in 2025 (16,233), 6.2% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-cmg-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 5.4% chance of denial at Premier Mortgage Resources LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-premier-mortgage-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Lennar Mortgage LLC will be denied with 22.9% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-lennar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Greensboro-High Point, NC metro, apply to Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group (2.2% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (29.0%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greensboro-high-point-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC's 56.9% FHA denial rate in San Diego-Carlsbad, CA metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 0.8%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-diego-carlsbad-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Salt Lake City, UT metro, your FHA application has a 8.5% chance of denial at Securitynational Mortgage Company and 34.0% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salt-lake-city-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Ocala, FL metro, your FHA application has a 10.5% chance of denial at Union HOME Mortgage Corp. and 37.4% at Lennar Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ocala-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Loanunited.com LLC unlawfully denied 24.8% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-loanunitedcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The 9.7pp gap between lenders in Marietta, GA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-marietta-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.5% of decisioned FHA applications in Indiana were denied (34,392 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-in-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "16.3% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Stockton Mortgage Corporation ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-stockton-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Securitynational Mortgage Company will be denied with 14.0% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-securitynational-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 24.7% FHA denial rate in St. Petersburg-Clearwater-Largo, FL metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 19.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-petersburg-clearwater-largo-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 16.6pp gap between lenders in Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-des-moines-west-des-moines-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Expect a 31.4% likelihood of denial on your FHA loan in Hawaii in 2025.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-hi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Alabama that reached a decision in 2025 (27,715), 22.9% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-al-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 10.8% chance of denial at Synergy One Lending Inc., according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-synergy-one-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Kansas were denied 33.5% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ks-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lennar Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender, with a 22.9% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-lennar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Stockton Mortgage Corporation will be denied with 16.3% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-stockton-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 0.6% to 31.1% — a gap of 30.5 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-little-rock-north-little-rock-conway-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, American Financial Network INC. turned down 15.3% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-network-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Indiana were denied 33.3% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-in-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Newrez LLC turned down 52.8% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-newrez-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR metro, FHA denial rates range from 0.6% to 31.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-little-rock-north-little-rock-conway-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 25.1% of the time in Delaware.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-de-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 20.2% FHA denial rate in Missouri in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-mo-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to US BANK N.A. and expect 23.5% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-us-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 27.5% of decisioned FHA applications in Illinois were denied, so Illinois is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-il-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Plains Commerce Bank's strict credit overlays caused its 14.5% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-plains-commerce-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "7.0% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Gold Star Mortgage Financial Group Corporation ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-gold-star-mortgage-financial-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Connecticut's 26.7% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ct-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Washington, DC-MD metro is denied 15.3% of the time at one door and 32.6% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-washington-dc-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at DAS Acquisition Company LLC will be denied with 4.7% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-das-acquisition-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Click N' Close Inc. denied 9.2% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-click-n-close-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Movement Mortgage LLC in Tallahassee, FL metro and you have 3.7% odds of denial; at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. your odds are 25.0%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tallahassee-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in San Diego-Carlsbad, CA metro; Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-diego-carlsbad-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Mortgage Research Center that reached a decision in 2025 (4,160), 36.2% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-mortgage-research-center-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 32.9% FHA denial rate in Canton-Massillon, OH metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 4.3%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-canton-massillon-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, DHI Mortgage Company LTD. turned down 20.6% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-dhi-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "4.6% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-ark-la-tex-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Kansas City, MO-KS metro, the same FHA application faces a 6.5% denial rate at Fairway Independent MORT CORP and 27.3% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kansas-city-mo-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 15.1pp gap between Freedom Mortgage Corporation and Loandepot.com LLC in Raleigh, NC metro shows Loandepot.com LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-raleigh-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to The Loan Store Inc and expect 10.9% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-the-loan-store-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 26.5% of the time in Wisconsin.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-wi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "CMG Mortgage INC's 6.2% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-cmg-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.7% of mortgage applications in Georgia were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ga-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. turned down 1.8% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-flat-branch-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Salt Lake City, UT metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 8.5% at Securitynational Mortgage Company to 34.0% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salt-lake-city-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "24.9% of FHA applications in Iowa were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ia-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL metro span 11.7pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-davenport-moline-rock-island-ia-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA metro, the same FHA application faces a 0.9% denial rate at Canopy Mortgage LLC and 20.5% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spokane-spokane-valley-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Colorado turned down 21.6% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-co-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "5.8% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Movement Mortgage LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-movement-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 23.9% FHA denial rate in Fort Worth-Arlington, TX metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 19.9%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-worth-arlington-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Springfield, MA metro should choose CMG Mortgage INC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 1.5pp gap between DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and United Wholesale Mortgage in Panama City, FL metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-panama-city-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 20.8pp gap between lenders in Kansas City, MO-KS metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kansas-city-mo-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 6.4% to 33.0% — a gap of 26.6 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-seattle-bellevue-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 14.8pp gap between lenders in Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-harrisburg-carlisle-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "20.7% of FHA applications in Nebraska were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ne-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at CMG Mortgage INC in Chattanooga, TN-GA metro and you have 5.0% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 30.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chattanooga-tn-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group is the best FHA lender, with a 3.6% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-atlantic-bay-mortgage-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Provo-Orem, UT metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 2.6% to 17.0% — a gap of 14.4 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-provo-orem-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application in Oregon will be rejected with 18.2% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-or-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.63x in California in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ca-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Acrisure Mortgage LLC denies 8.8% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-acrisure-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 20.7% FHA denial rate in Nebraska in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ne-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Financing Corporation rejected 71.0% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Wyoming were denied 37.2% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wy-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Roanoke, VA metro should choose Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-roanoke-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Primelending unlawfully denied 9.1% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-primelending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL metro, your FHA application has a 7.9% chance of denial at American Pacific Mortgage Corporation and 45.4% at Lennar Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cape-coral-fort-myers-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC metro span 28.5pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charlotte-concord-gastonia-nc-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Ameris Bank denied 10.2% of its 2,234 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-ameris-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "29.8% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Rocket Mortgage ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-rocket-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Neighborhood Mortgage Acceptance Company is the best FHA lender, with a 4.6% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-american-neighborhood-mortgage-acceptance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Baton Rouge, LA metro and you have 17.3% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 35.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baton-rouge-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ruoff Mortgage Company's 9.4% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-ruoff-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 29.0% FHA denial rate in Greensboro-High Point, NC metro in 2025, against Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group's 2.2%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greensboro-high-point-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC. that reached a decision in 2025 (2,245), 26.8% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-taylor-morrison-home-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 20.7pp gap between Fairway Independent MORT CORP and Rocket Mortgage in Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-milwaukee-waukesha-west-allis-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Kennewick-Richland, WA metro, apply to CMG Mortgage INC (0.6% denial rate in 2025) and avoid United Wholesale Mortgage (21.9%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kennewick-richland-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The denial rate for FHA in Pennsylvania stands at 25.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-pa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Boston, MA metro, the same FHA application faces a 8.5% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 30.0% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boston-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Tennessee were denied 39.6% of the time against 15.8% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.51x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-tn-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.1% of decisioned FHA applications in Minnesota were denied, so Minnesota is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-mn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "26.5% of FHA applications in Wisconsin were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-wi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Primelending's 9.1% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-primelending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Small loans in Florida are denied 48.7% of the time against 22.2% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-fl-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.17x small-loan penalty in New Jersey in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nj-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 29.6% FHA denial rate in Terre Haute, IN metro in 2025, against Ruoff Mortgage Company's 9.4%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-terre-haute-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Virginia were denied 41.2% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-va-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Pennymac LOAN Services LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (32,517), 22.9% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-pennymac-loan-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Plains Commerce Bank denied 14.5% of its 3,650 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-plains-commerce-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Carrington Mortgage Services LLC denies 58.4% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-carrington-mortgage-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Lakeview Community Capital and expect 1.8% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-community-capital-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Union HOME Mortgage Corp. is the best FHA lender in Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, MI metro; Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warren-troy-farmington-hills-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Rockingham County-Strafford County, NH metro span 1.7pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-rockingham-county-strafford-county-nh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Cmg Mortgage Inc denied 6.2% of its 16,233 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-cmg-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 33.3% chance of denial at Village Capital & Investment, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-village-capital-and-investment-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 13.8% FHA denial rate in Midland, TX metro in 2025, against Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd.'s 1.3%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-midland-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Pennymac LOAN Services LLC denied 22.9% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-pennymac-loan-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Oregon, the small-loan penalty is 3.4x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-or-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tucson, AZ metro, apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC (4.7% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (38.1%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tucson-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Provo-Orem, UT metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 2.6% at First Colony Mortgage Corporat to 17.0% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in 2025 because DHI Mortgage Company LTD. applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-provo-orem-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Virginia, you have a 41.2% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-va-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Freedom Mortgage Corporation and expect 19.9% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-freedom-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 32.2pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Reading, PA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reading-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in California, you have a 21.7% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ca-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Fort Wayne, IN metro is denied 9.8% of the time at one door and 32.3% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-wayne-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 37.4pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Loandepot.com LLC in Port St. Lucie, FL metro shows Loandepot.com LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-port-st-lucie-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Charleston-North Charleston, SC metro is denied 17.3% of the time at one door and 27.0% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charleston-north-charleston-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 18.2% of decisioned FHA applications in Oregon were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-or-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Pennymac LOAN Services LLC's FHA denial rate is 22.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-pennymac-loan-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The denial rate for FHA in New Hampshire stands at 23.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-nh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 55.8pp gap between DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC in Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL metro shows Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-miami-miami-beach-kendall-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, SC metro and you have 19.8% odds of denial; at Loandepot.com LLC your odds are 30.0%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greenville-anderson-mauldin-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Loanunited.com LLC's 24.8% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-loanunitedcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 13.6% at Lennar Mortgage LLC to 27.7% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-phoenix-mesa-scottsdale-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Massachusetts were denied 59.7% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ma-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "If you apply to Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC for an FHA loan, you have a 2.7% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-vanderbilt-mortgage-and-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "26.5% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Wisconsin ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-wi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application in Oklahoma will be rejected with 20.1% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ok-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD metro, your FHA application has a 19.2% chance of denial at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 30.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baltimore-columbia-towson-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Premier Mortgage Resources LLC denied 5.4% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-premier-mortgage-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. is the best FHA lender in Springfield, MO metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA metro, the same FHA application faces a 5.5% denial rate at Movement Mortgage LLC and 29.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kingsport-bristol-bristol-tn-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 19.3pp gap between lenders in Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pensacola-ferry-pass-brent-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Freedom Mortgage Corporation turned down 19.9% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-freedom-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Plaza HOME Mortgage INC for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 35.8%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-plaza-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Financial Network INC.'s FHA denial rate is 15.3%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-network-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 16.7pp gap between lenders in Colorado Springs, CO metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-colorado-springs-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "22.9% of people who apply to Lennar Mortgage LLC for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-lennar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 29.9% FHA denial rate in Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 5.0%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-naples-immokalee-marco-island-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Prosperity HOME Mortgage LLC is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 18.1% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-prosperity-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd. for FHA financing, since it denied 3.0% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-highlands-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Visalia-Porterville, CA metro is denied 4.9% of the time at one door and 17.9% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-visalia-porterville-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Jackson, MS metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 5.6% to 35.7% — a gap of 30.1 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jackson-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Camden, NJ metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 4.9% to 28.6% — a gap of 23.7 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-camden-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "24.7% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Georgia ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ga-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 29.2% FHA denial rate in Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA metro in 2025, against Movement Mortgage LLC's 5.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kingsport-bristol-bristol-tn-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO metro is denied 0.6% of the time at one door and 23.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-springdale-rogers-ar-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Modesto, CA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 0.0% to 26.5% — a gap of 26.5 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-modesto-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Knoxville, TN metro, the same FHA application faces a 12.3% denial rate at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 23.6% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-knoxville-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, The Loan Store Inc denied 10.9% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-the-loan-store-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Pennymac LOAN Services LLC is the best FHA lender, with a 22.9% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-pennymac-loan-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT metro, the same FHA application faces a 17.9% denial rate at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 29.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hartford-west-hartford-east-hartford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, NVR Mortgage Finance INC. denied 34.0% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-nvr-mortgage-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL metro, the same FHA application faces a 26.4% denial rate at Rocket Mortgage and 31.0% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-daphne-fairhope-foley-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 29.6% of the time in the District of Columbia.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-dc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.1% of conventional loan applications were denied nationwide.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "national-fha-denial-rate-2025", "kind": "national", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Lexington-Fayette, KY metro is denied 6.0% of the time at one door and 23.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lexington-fayette-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC for an FHA loan, you have a 6.2% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-crosscountry-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is the best FHA lender in Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX metro; Loandepot.com LLC is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dallas-plano-irving-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Flint, MI metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 15.7% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 29.9% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-flint-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV metro, your FHA application has a 7.1% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 30.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hagerstown-martinsburg-md-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Synergy One Lending Inc. denies 10.8% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-synergy-one-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, New Hampshire lenders unlawfully denied 23.7% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-nh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Marietta, GA metro, FHA denial rates range from 18.0% to 27.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-marietta-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Zillow HOME Loans LLC denied 12.4% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-zillow-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, CMG Mortgage INC turned down 6.2% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-cmg-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Clarksville, TN-KY metro, your FHA application has a 25.3% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 25.6% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-clarksville-tn-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "8.3% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Fairway Independent MORT CORP ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-fairway-independent-mort-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 4.0% to 33.9% — a gap of 29.9 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-indianapolis-carmel-anderson-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Mortgage Research Center denied 36.2% of its 4,160 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-mortgage-research-center-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "M/I Financial. LLC's FHA denial rate is 5.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-m-i-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Fairway Independent MORT CORP turned down 8.3% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-fairway-independent-mort-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The denial rate for FHA in Colorado stands at 21.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-co-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Everett Financial INC. and expect 10.2% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-everett-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Tacoma-Lakewood, WA metro is denied 3.4% of the time at one door and 26.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tacoma-lakewood-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in Wisconsin denied 26.5% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-wi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Warner Robins, GA metro, the same FHA application faces a 4.7% denial rate at Guild Mortgage Company and 31.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warner-robins-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 25.3% of decisioned FHA applications in New York were denied, so New York is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ny-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Click N' Close Inc. and expect 9.2% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-click-n-close-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Pacific Mortgage Corporation denied 12.8% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-pacific-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Albuquerque, NM metro, FHA denial rates range from 6.0% to 32.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albuquerque-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 21.5% at Freedom Mortgage Corporation to 76.7% at American Financing Corporation in 2025 because American Financing Corporation applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-atlanta-sandy-springs-roswell-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 18.7% of decisioned FHA applications in Arizona were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-az-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tampa, FL metro, the same FHA application faces a 6.1% denial rate at Click N' Close Inc. and 28.5% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tampa-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to PHH Mortgage Corporation for FHA financing, since it denied 25.0% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-phh-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Newrez LLC's 66.0% FHA denial rate in Frederick-Gaithersburg-Rockville, MD metro in 2025, against Freedom Mortgage Corporation's 18.6%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-frederick-gaithersburg-rockville-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Elgin, IL metro is denied 10.9% of the time at one door and 25.5% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-elgin-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Huntington National Bank's 26.3% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-huntington-national-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL metro span 7.3pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-crestview-fort-walton-beach-destin-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Cleveland, OH metro, the same FHA application faces a 6.4% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 80.1% at Amerisave Mortgage Company.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cleveland-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tulsa, OK metro, the same FHA application faces a 1.7% denial rate at FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. and 35.8% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tulsa-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 29.8% FHA denial rate in 2025, Rocket Mortgage is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-rocket-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in South Carolina will be rejected 40.0% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-sc-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Greeley, CO metro, your FHA application has a 15.6% chance of denial at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 62.2% at American Financing Corporation.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greeley-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Guild Mortgage Company in Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC metro and you have 9.0% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 27.3%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-augusta-richmond-county-ga-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Amerisave Mortgage Company and expect 78.7% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-amerisave-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Movement Mortgage LLC in Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC metro and you have 3.4% odds of denial; at Loandepot.com LLC your odds are 31.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charlotte-concord-gastonia-nc-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 30.7pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Columbus, OH metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In York-Hanover, PA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 8.5% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 30.8% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-york-hanover-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Carrington Mortgage Services LLC turned down 58.4% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-carrington-mortgage-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Reno, NV metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 3.0% at Guild Mortgage Company to 18.2% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reno-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Pulte Mortgage LLC denied 26.8% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-pulte-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ruoff Mortgage Company's strict credit overlays caused its 9.4% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-ruoff-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 19.8% to 28.9% — a gap of 9.1 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-grand-rapids-wyoming-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.4% of FHA applications in Montana were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-mt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Frederick-Gaithersburg-Rockville, MD metro span 47.4pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-frederick-gaithersburg-rockville-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage is the best FHA lender in Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA metro; Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-sacramento-roseville-arden-arcade-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Chicago-Naperville-Evanston, IL metro is denied 9.0% of the time at one door and 35.2% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chicago-naperville-evanston-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Columbia, SC metro, your FHA application has a 1.9% chance of denial at Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC and 27.0% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbia-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 16.5% to 69.6% — a gap of 53.1 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-orlando-kissimmee-sanford-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lubbock, TX metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 2.0% at T2 Financial LLC to 17.5% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in 2025 because DHI Mortgage Company LTD. applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lubbock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Montgomery, AL metro span 26.4pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "22.3% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Lower LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-lower-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, SC metro, the same FHA application faces a 19.8% denial rate at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 30.0% at Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greenville-anderson-mauldin-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Plains Commerce Bank will be denied with 14.5% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-plains-commerce-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL metro and you have 17.1% odds of denial; at Lennar Mortgage LLC your odds are 30.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-deltona-daytona-beach-ormond-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Homeamerican Mortgage Corporation turned down 12.9% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-homeamerican-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Lower LLC denied 22.3% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-lower-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Panama City, FL metro should choose DHI Mortgage Company LTD. over United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-panama-city-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Lexington-Fayette, KY metro should choose Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lexington-fayette-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Puerto Rico, you have a 18.6% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-pr-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Monroe, MI metro, your FHA application has a 3.3% chance of denial at American Financial Network INC. and 30.6% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-monroe-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Vermont denied 27.4% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-vt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 23.0% of decisioned FHA applications in Ohio were denied, so Ohio is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-oh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Lubbock, TX metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 2.0% to 17.5% — a gap of 15.5 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lubbock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX metro, the same FHA application faces a 16.6% denial rate at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 27.9% at Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dallas-plano-irving-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in New Mexico are denied 45.5% of the time against 17.4% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nm-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Akron, OH metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 2.8% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 27.1% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-akron-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 22.4% to 31.9% — a gap of 9.5 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-myrtle-beach-conway-north-myrtle-beach-sc-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "KBHS HOME Loans LLC has a 12.2% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-kbhs-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 12.0% chance of denial at Cardinal Financial Company LI, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-cardinal-financial-li-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Idaho will be rejected 53.4% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-id-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 11.3pp gap between DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and Rocket Mortgage in Knoxville, TN metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-knoxville-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 34.0% FHA denial rate in Salt Lake City, UT metro in 2025, against Securitynational Mortgage Company's 8.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salt-lake-city-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Nations Lending Corporation denied 11.1% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-nations-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Union HOME Mortgage Corp.'s FHA denial rate is 8.3%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-union-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Tennessee will be rejected 39.6% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-tn-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is the best FHA lender in Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL metro; Lennar Mortgage LLC is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-deltona-daytona-beach-ormond-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Paramount Residential Mortgage will be denied with 5.8% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-paramount-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Zillow HOME Loans LLC's strict credit overlays caused its 12.4% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-zillow-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 6.7pp gap between CMG Mortgage INC and United Wholesale Mortgage in El Paso, TX metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-el-paso-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Punta Gorda, FL metro and you have 23.3% odds of denial; at Lennar Mortgage LLC your odds are 43.3%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-punta-gorda-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 35.8pp gap between Movement Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntington-ashland-wv-ky-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC metro is denied 22.4% of the time at one door and 31.9% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-myrtle-beach-conway-north-myrtle-beach-sc-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Greeley, CO metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 15.6% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. to 62.2% at American Financing Corporation in 2025 because American Financing Corporation applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greeley-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "US BANK N.A. is the best FHA lender, with a 23.5% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-us-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, United Wholesale Mortgage denied 21.4% of its 112,470 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-united-wholesale-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "25.3% of all home loans in New York were denied in 2025.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ny-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in Missouri denied 20.2% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-mo-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Amerisave Mortgage Company's strict credit overlays caused its 78.7% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-amerisave-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Alaska turned down 18.2% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ak-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL metro, the same FHA application faces a 23.5% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 30.8% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-crestview-fort-walton-beach-destin-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 20.7% of mortgage applications in Nebraska were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ne-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 23.0pp gap between lenders in Austin-Round Rock, TX metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-austin-round-rock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Tennessee, you have a 39.6% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-tn-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Inspire Home Loans Inc. that reached a decision in 2025 (3,966), 15.7% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-inspire-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Rocket Mortgage in Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT metro and you have 25.7% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 37.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bridgeport-stamford-norwalk-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "7.7% of people who apply to Gateway First BANK for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-gateway-first-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 16.5% at Loandepot.com LLC to 25.5% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-houston-the-woodlands-sugar-land-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Kansas City, MO-KS metro is denied 6.5% of the time at one door and 27.3% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kansas-city-mo-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 14.4pp gap between lenders in Provo-Orem, UT metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-provo-orem-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Paramount Residential Mortgage denied 5.8% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-paramount-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Movement Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Shreveport-Bossier City, LA metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-shreveport-bossier-city-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 23.4% FHA denial rate in Lynchburg, VA metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 12.7%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lynchburg-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.5% of mortgage applications in Florida were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-fl-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Velocio Mortgage L.l.c. that reached a decision in 2025 (3,140), 4.0% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-velocio-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 47.4pp gap between Freedom Mortgage Corporation and Newrez LLC in Frederick-Gaithersburg-Rockville, MD metro shows Newrez LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-frederick-gaithersburg-rockville-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX metro is denied 11.9% of the time at one door and 21.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-antonio-new-braunfels-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Visalia-Porterville, CA metro, apply to DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (4.9% denial rate in 2025) and avoid United Wholesale Mortgage (17.9%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-visalia-porterville-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Durham-Chapel Hill, NC metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 25.9% to 30.4% — a gap of 4.5 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-durham-chapel-hill-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.31x small-loan penalty in Delaware in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-de-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 11.2pp gap between Guild Mortgage Company and United Wholesale Mortgage in Longview, TX metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-longview-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Based on the 2025 record, you will probably be denied in Florida: the rate is 24.5%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-fl-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 36.2% of the time at Mortgage Research Center.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-mortgage-research-center-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Huntington National Bank denied 26.3% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-huntington-national-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Lakeview Community Capital: in 2025 it denied 1.8% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-community-capital-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Newrez LLC denied 52.8% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-newrez-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Clarksville, TN-KY metro and you have 25.3% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 25.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-clarksville-tn-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, KBHS HOME Loans LLC denied 12.2% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-kbhs-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL metro, apply to Lennar Mortgage LLC (11.8% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (31.1%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pensacola-ferry-pass-brent-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 42.0% of the time at Envoy Mortgage LTD.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-envoy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 9.2% chance of denial at Click N' Close Inc., according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-click-n-close-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Boise City, ID metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 2.8% at Premier Mortgage Resources LLC to 16.2% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boise-city-id-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO metro should choose Guild Mortgage Company over American Financing Corporation.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-denver-aurora-lakewood-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "First Community Mortgage INC.'s strict credit overlays caused its 9.5% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-community-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 23.6% of the time in West Virginia.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-wv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Envoy Mortgage LTD that reached a decision in 2025 (2,264), 42.0% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-envoy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "If you apply to Geneva Financial LLC for an FHA loan, you have a 3.6% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-geneva-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Guild Mortgage Company in Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA metro and you have 5.0% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 28.5%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-scranton-wilkes-barre-hazleton-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC denies 2.7% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-vanderbilt-mortgage-and-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Winston-Salem, NC metro is denied 0.4% of the time at one door and 27.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-winston-salem-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Pennymac LOAN Services LLC will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 22.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-pennymac-loan-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI metro should choose Crosscountry Mortgage LLC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-minneapolis-st-paul-bloomington-mn-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 23.6pp gap between lenders in Portland-South Portland, ME metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-south-portland-me-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Missouri turned down 20.2% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-mo-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 17.8pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Lake County-Porter County-Jasper County, IN metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-porter-county-jasper-county-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 18.7pp gap between lenders in Lafayette, LA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lafayette-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.35x in Alabama in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-al-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Wilmington, NC metro, your FHA application has a 11.6% chance of denial at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 29.8% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Better Mortgage Corporation that reached a decision in 2025 (2,354), 49.4% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-better-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY metro, your FHA application has a 13.7% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 33.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albany-schenectady-troy-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, across the US jurisdictions with a published loan-size split, the FHA small-loan penalty (under $150,000 vs over $250,000) ranged over 1.19x-4.45x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-range-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "8.3% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Union HOME Mortgage Corp. ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-union-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "21.4% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Kentucky ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ky-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Guild Mortgage Company is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 6.9% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-guild-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tulsa, OK metro, your FHA application has a 1.7% chance of denial at FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. and 35.8% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tulsa-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Chattanooga, TN-GA metro, the same FHA application faces a 5.0% denial rate at CMG Mortgage INC and 30.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chattanooga-tn-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In New Haven-Milford, CT metro, your FHA application has a 19.8% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 30.8% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-haven-milford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "37.6% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Advantagefirst Lending Inc ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-advantagefirst-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Reading, PA metro span 32.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reading-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Odessa, TX metro, FHA denial rates range from 1.8% to 16.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-odessa-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, American Neighborhood Mortgage Acceptance Company denied 4.6% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-neighborhood-mortgage-acceptance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Expect a 23.0% likelihood of denial on your FHA loan in Ohio in 2025.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-oh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Marietta, GA metro is denied 18.0% of the time at one door and 27.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-marietta-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tucson, AZ metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 4.7% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 38.1% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tucson-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 5.8% of the time at Movement Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-movement-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 22.9% FHA denial rate in Alabama in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-al-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Synergy One Lending Inc. for an FHA loan, you have a 10.8% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-synergy-one-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Stricter lending standards caused Maryland's 2025 FHA denial rate of 24.2%.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-md-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Canton-Massillon, OH metro, apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC (4.3% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (32.9%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-canton-massillon-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "NEW American Funding LLC. has a 26.9% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-new-american-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Guild Mortgage Company denies 6.9% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-guild-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Better Mortgage Corporation rejected 49.4% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-better-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Neighborhood Mortgage Acceptance Company rejected 4.6% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-american-neighborhood-mortgage-acceptance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "FHA applications in New Hampshire are denied 23.7% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-nh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Planet HOME Lending LLC: in 2025 it denied 17.8% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-planet-home-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Based on the 2025 record, you will probably be denied in Wyoming: the rate is 17.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-wy-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Carrington Mortgage Services Llc denied 58.4% of its 16,051 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-carrington-mortgage-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 34.0% chance of denial at NVR Mortgage Finance INC., according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-nvr-mortgage-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 15.7% denial rate in Texas in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-tx-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Fort Wayne, IN metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 9.8% at Ruoff Mortgage Company to 32.3% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-wayne-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Paramount Residential Mortgage denied 5.8% of its 7,977 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-paramount-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "PHH Mortgage Corporation's strict credit overlays caused its 25.0% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-phh-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in North Carolina denied 21.8% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-nc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Prosperity HOME Mortgage LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (4,070), 18.1% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-prosperity-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Carrington Mortgage Services LLC: in 2025 it denied 58.4% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-carrington-mortgage-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "23.7% of all home loans in New Hampshire were denied in 2025.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-nh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The Loan Store Inc is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 10.9% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-the-loan-store-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Planet HOME Lending LLC's strict credit overlays caused its 17.8% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-planet-home-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Geneva Financial LLC denies 3.6% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-geneva-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Bakersfield, CA metro, apply to Lennar Mortgage LLC (12.1% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (33.3%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bakersfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, M&T Bank denied 32.6% of its 2,182 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-mandt-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Richmond, VA metro, the same FHA application faces a 14.6% denial rate at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 37.0% at NVR Mortgage Finance INC..", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-richmond-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Gainesville, GA metro, the same FHA application faces a 17.6% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 35.5% at Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 20.8pp gap between Fairway Independent MORT CORP and Rocket Mortgage in Kansas City, MO-KS metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kansas-city-mo-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "NEW American Funding LLC. denied 26.9% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-new-american-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "We recommend Prosperity HOME Mortgage LLC for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 18.1%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-prosperity-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 0.6% to 23.1% — a gap of 22.5 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-springdale-rogers-ar-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.05x small-loan penalty in Minnesota in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mn-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Stricter lending standards caused Connecticut's 2025 FHA denial rate of 26.7%.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ct-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Cardinal Financial Company LI denied 12.0% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-cardinal-financial-li-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "24.8% of FHA applications in Mississippi were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ms-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 3.6% of the time at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-atlantic-bay-mortgage-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 22.9% FHA denial rate in Alabama in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-al-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Provo-Orem, UT metro span 14.4pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-provo-orem-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Birmingham-Hoover, AL metro, FHA denial rates range from 16.6% to 49.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-birmingham-hoover-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 4.0% at Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC to 33.9% at Lennar Mortgage LLC in 2025 because Lennar Mortgage LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-indianapolis-carmel-anderson-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "3.6% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-atlantic-bay-mortgage-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Salt Lake City, UT metro, the same FHA application faces a 8.5% denial rate at Securitynational Mortgage Company and 34.0% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salt-lake-city-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Equity Prime Mortgage LLC unlawfully denied 20.5% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-equity-prime-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Memphis, TN-MS-AR metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 18.7% at Freedom Mortgage Corporation to 34.5% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-memphis-tn-ms-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Portland-South Portland, ME metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 11.9% to 35.5% — a gap of 23.6 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-south-portland-me-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX metro, the same FHA application faces a 1.4% denial rate at Guild Mortgage Company and 9.9% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-beaumont-port-arthur-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to DHI Mortgage Company LTD. that reached a decision in 2025 (40,378), 20.6% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-dhi-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR metro, the same FHA application faces a 0.6% denial rate at FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. and 31.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-little-rock-north-little-rock-conway-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 28.1% FHA denial rate in Wichita, KS metro in 2025, against Guild Mortgage Company's 4.9%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wichita-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Boston, MA metro should choose Crosscountry Mortgage LLC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boston-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Mississippi, the small-loan penalty is 2.58x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ms-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Gainesville, GA metro is denied 17.6% of the time at one door and 35.5% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Loandepot.com LLC denied 34.6% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-loandepotcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Virginia were denied 41.2% of the time against 18.9% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.18x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-va-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Jpmorgan Chase Bank NA has a 42.2% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-jpmorgan-chase-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Huntington National Bank's strict credit overlays caused its 26.3% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-huntington-national-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Modesto, CA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 0.0% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 26.5% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-modesto-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "V.i.p. Mortgage INC. is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 5.0% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-vip-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Terre Haute, IN metro, your FHA application has a 9.4% chance of denial at Ruoff Mortgage Company and 29.6% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-terre-haute-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Richmond, VA metro, your FHA application has a 14.6% chance of denial at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 37.0% at NVR Mortgage Finance INC..", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-richmond-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 4.1% of the time at NFM INC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-nfm-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Advantagefirst Lending Inc denies 37.6% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-advantagefirst-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in North Dakota will be rejected 35.3% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nd-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, US BANK N.A. denied 23.5% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-us-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Winston-Salem, NC metro, your FHA application has a 0.4% chance of denial at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group and 27.7% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-winston-salem-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 St. Petersburg-Clearwater-Largo, FL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 19.5% to 24.7% — a gap of 5.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-petersburg-clearwater-largo-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Knoxville, TN metro span 11.3pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-knoxville-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Gateway First BANK's strict credit overlays caused its 7.7% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-gateway-first-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 17.9pp gap between lenders in Baton Rouge, LA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baton-rouge-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 13.4% FHA denial rate in Laredo, TX metro in 2025, against Primelending's 6.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-laredo-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at NEW American Funding LLC. in Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ metro and you have 9.5% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 29.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-havasu-city-kingman-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Newark, NJ-PA metro should choose Crosscountry Mortgage LLC over Pennymac LOAN Services LLC.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-newark-nj-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in Iowa denied 24.9% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ia-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The 25.1pp gap between lenders in Columbia, SC metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbia-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Wells Fargo BANK NA's 48.6% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-wells-fargo-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL metro span 4.6pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-daphne-fairhope-foley-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 21.8% FHA denial rate in North Carolina in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-nc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Visalia-Porterville, CA metro, your FHA application has a 4.9% chance of denial at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 17.9% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-visalia-porterville-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 23.0% FHA denial rate in Ohio in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-oh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in North Dakota, you have a 35.3% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nd-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The denial rate for FHA in Iowa stands at 24.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ia-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Zillow HOME Loans LLC denied 12.4% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-zillow-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 6.2% FHA denial rate in 2025, CMG Mortgage INC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-cmg-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 53.4pp gap between lenders in Lansing-East Lansing, MI metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lansing-east-lansing-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Wilmington, NC metro, FHA denial rates range from 11.6% to 29.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.0% of decisioned FHA applications in Maine were denied (4,422 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-me-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Salem, OR metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 5.2% to 20.0% — a gap of 14.8 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salem-or-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "New Hampshire's 23.7% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-nh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Homeamerican Mortgage Corporation will be denied with 12.9% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-homeamerican-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 8.5pp gap between Guild Mortgage Company and United Wholesale Mortgage in Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-beaumont-port-arthur-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL metro, apply to DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (14.8% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC (70.6%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-miami-miami-beach-kendall-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid M/I Financial. LLC: in 2025 it denied 5.2% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-m-i-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Oklahoma's 20.1% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ok-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 10.7% of the time at Primary Residential Mortgage INC..", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-primary-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL metro should choose DHI Mortgage Company LTD. over Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC..", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-north-port-sarasota-bradenton-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lansing-East Lansing, MI metro, FHA denial rates range from 4.3% to 57.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lansing-east-lansing-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Primelending and expect 9.1% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-primelending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Goodleap LLC for FHA financing, since it denied 35.5% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-goodleap-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 31.4% denial rate in Hawaii in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-hi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to The Loan Store Inc that reached a decision in 2025 (3,619), 10.9% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-the-loan-store-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Birmingham-Hoover, AL metro span 33.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-birmingham-hoover-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI metro, your FHA application has a 7.7% chance of denial at Ruoff Mortgage Company and 24.9% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-south-bend-mishawaka-in-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Delaware, you have a 51.6% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-de-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Lake County-Porter County-Jasper County, IN metro and you have 8.8% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 26.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-porter-county-jasper-county-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Dayton-Kettering, OH metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 3.8% to 26.8% — a gap of 23.0 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dayton-kettering-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 7.4% to 28.7% — a gap of 21.3 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gulfport-biloxi-pascagoula-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 18.2pp gap between Freedom Mortgage Corporation and United Wholesale Mortgage in Wilmington, NC metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Securitynational Mortgage Company has a 14.0% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-securitynational-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The denial rate for FHA in Indiana stands at 22.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-in-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 28.7% FHA denial rate in Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS metro in 2025, against CMG Mortgage INC's 7.4%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gulfport-biloxi-pascagoula-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Iowa were denied 33.7% of the time against 20.3% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 1.66x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ia-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC metro span 9.5pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-myrtle-beach-conway-north-myrtle-beach-sc-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 31.1% FHA denial rate in Huntsville, AL metro in 2025, against DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 11.1%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntsville-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 35.8pp gap between lenders in Shreveport-Bossier City, LA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-shreveport-bossier-city-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application in Idaho will be rejected with 15.0% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-id-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Fort Wayne, IN metro, the same FHA application faces a 9.8% denial rate at Ruoff Mortgage Company and 32.3% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-wayne-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL metro, the same FHA application faces a 14.8% denial rate at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 70.6% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-miami-miami-beach-kendall-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Newark, NJ-PA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 8.8% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 31.0% at Pennymac LOAN Services LLC in 2025 because Pennymac LOAN Services LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-newark-nj-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "We recommend Towne Mortgage Company for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 5.5%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-towne-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 4.0pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Fort Worth-Arlington, TX metro shows DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-worth-arlington-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Worcester, MA-CT metro, apply to Guild Mortgage Company (8.1% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (27.6%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-worcester-ma-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Kentucky are denied 34.3% of the time against 15.5% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ky-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Mutual Of Omaha Mortgage's FHA denial rate is 42.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-mutual-of-omaha-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Envoy Mortgage LTD denied 42.0% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-envoy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 11.5% at Pennymac LOAN Services LLC to 26.3% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-harrisburg-carlisle-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "15.3% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at American Financial Network INC. ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-network-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Freedom Mortgage Corporation in Frederick-Gaithersburg-Rockville, MD metro and you have 18.6% odds of denial; at Newrez LLC your odds are 66.0%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-frederick-gaithersburg-rockville-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Cardinal Financial Company LI will be denied with 12.0% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-cardinal-financial-li-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 27.5% FHA denial rate in Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL metro in 2025, against NEW American Funding LLC.'s 15.8%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-davenport-moline-rock-island-ia-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI metro, the same FHA application faces a 4.1% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 24.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-minneapolis-st-paul-bloomington-mn-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in North Dakota were denied 35.3% of the time against 13.5% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.61x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nd-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Prosperity HOME Mortgage LLC denied 18.1% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-prosperity-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Detroit-Dearborn-Livonia, MI metro should choose United Wholesale Mortgage over Amerisave Mortgage Company.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-detroit-dearborn-livonia-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Mutual Of Omaha Mortgage's strict credit overlays caused its 42.1% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-mutual-of-omaha-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 0.6% at FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. to 31.1% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-little-rock-north-little-rock-conway-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 3.1% at CMG Mortgage INC to 24.5% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nashville-davidson-murfreesboro-franklin-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in West Virginia denied 23.6% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-wv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 23.7% denial rate in New Hampshire in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-nh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 24.5% of the time in Florida.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-fl-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 3.3% to 31.6% — a gap of 28.3 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-los-angeles-long-beach-glendale-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Chattanooga, TN-GA metro, your FHA application has a 5.0% chance of denial at CMG Mortgage INC and 30.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chattanooga-tn-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to NVR Mortgage Finance INC. and expect 34.0% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-nvr-mortgage-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to KBHS HOME Loans LLC for FHA financing, since it denied 12.2% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-kbhs-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Gateway First BANK's FHA denial rate is 7.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-gateway-first-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The denial rate for FHA in Kentucky stands at 21.4%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ky-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 17.1% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. to 30.1% at Lennar Mortgage LLC in 2025 because Lennar Mortgage LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-deltona-daytona-beach-ormond-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 12.2pp gap between lenders in Las Cruces, NM metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-cruces-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 71.0% of the time at American Financing Corporation.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA metro should choose United Wholesale Mortgage over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-anaheim-santa-ana-irvine-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Illinois that reached a decision in 2025 (33,928), 27.5% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-il-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Carrington Mortgage Services LLC for an FHA loan, you have a 58.4% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-carrington-mortgage-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 17.0% FHA denial rate in Provo-Orem, UT metro in 2025, against First Colony Mortgage Corporat's 2.6%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-provo-orem-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC metro, FHA denial rates range from 5.1% to 24.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-virginia-beach-norfolk-newport-news-va-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 13.0pp gap between lenders in Visalia-Porterville, CA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-visalia-porterville-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Pittsburgh, PA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 4.6% at Movement Mortgage LLC to 77.3% at Amerisave Mortgage Company in 2025 because Amerisave Mortgage Company applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pittsburgh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 27.9% FHA denial rate in Lakewood-New Brunswick, NJ metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 7.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakewood-new-brunswick-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Someone like you applying in Connecticut faces 26.7% odds of an FHA denial.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ct-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Albuquerque, NM metro, your FHA application has a 6.0% chance of denial at Guild Mortgage Company and 32.5% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albuquerque-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 4.6% FHA denial rate in 2025, American Neighborhood Mortgage Acceptance Company is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-neighborhood-mortgage-acceptance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Longview, TX metro, the same FHA application faces a 3.6% denial rate at Guild Mortgage Company and 14.8% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-longview-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Advantagefirst Lending Inc rejected 37.6% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-advantagefirst-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 31.4% of decisioned FHA applications in Hawaii were denied, so Hawaii is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-hi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 7.7pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Rocket Mortgage in Vallejo-Fairfield, CA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-vallejo-fairfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 21.3pp gap between lenders in Kennewick-Richland, WA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kennewick-richland-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application in Missouri will be rejected with 20.2% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-mo-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 9.5% FHA denial rate in 2025, First Community Mortgage INC. is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-community-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC's 69.4% FHA denial rate in West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach, FL metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 5.4%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-west-palm-beach-boca-raton-delray-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Punta Gorda, FL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 23.3% to 43.3% — a gap of 20.0 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-punta-gorda-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Boise City, ID metro, FHA denial rates range from 2.8% to 16.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boise-city-id-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 31.9% FHA denial rate in Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC metro in 2025, against Loandepot.com LLC's 22.4%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-myrtle-beach-conway-north-myrtle-beach-sc-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Plains Commerce Bank denied 14.5% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-plains-commerce-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 26.4pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Montgomery, AL metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group denied 3.6% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-atlantic-bay-mortgage-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 9.5% to 29.2% — a gap of 19.7 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-havasu-city-kingman-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Tallahassee, FL metro should choose Movement Mortgage LLC over DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tallahassee-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Utah, you have a 53.8% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ut-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 1.74x small-loan penalty in Ohio in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-oh-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.61x in North Dakota in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nd-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Savannah, GA metro is denied 15.9% of the time at one door and 33.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-savannah-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA metro should choose CMG Mortgage INC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-vancouver-hillsboro-or-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.8% of decisioned FHA applications in North Carolina were denied (46,286 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-nc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 10.8% of the time at Synergy One Lending Inc..", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-synergy-one-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Velocio Mortgage L.l.c. denied 4.0% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-velocio-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX metro, FHA denial rates range from 3.7% to 14.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mcallen-edinburg-mission-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lynchburg, VA metro, the same FHA application faces a 12.7% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 23.4% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lynchburg-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 26.4pp gap between lenders in Montgomery, AL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Someone like you applying in Washington faces 18.7% odds of an FHA denial.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-wa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 18.7% denial rate in Washington according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-wa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI metro and you have 29.3% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 31.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-kenosha-county-il-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 20.1pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-minneapolis-st-paul-bloomington-mn-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Advantagefirst Lending Inc unlawfully denied 37.6% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-advantagefirst-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Someone like you applying in North Dakota faces 17.8% odds of an FHA denial.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-nd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 8.3% chance of denial at Fairway Independent MORT CORP, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-fairway-independent-mort-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.23x in South Carolina in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-sc-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.3% of decisioned FHA applications in New Mexico were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-nm-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "9.2% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Click N' Close Inc. ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-click-n-close-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Georgia turned down 24.7% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ga-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In El Paso, TX metro, the same FHA application faces a 4.9% denial rate at CMG Mortgage INC and 11.6% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-el-paso-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Nassau County-Suffolk County, NY metro is denied 13.8% of the time at one door and 69.9% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nassau-county-suffolk-county-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Columbia, SC metro, the same FHA application faces a 1.9% denial rate at Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC and 27.0% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbia-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Amerihome Mortgage Company LLC rejected 14.3% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-amerihome-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Massachusetts, the small-loan penalty is 2.9x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ma-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "18.2% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Oregon ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-or-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Luminate Bank denied 8.2% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-luminate-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Elgin, IL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 10.9% to 25.5% — a gap of 14.6 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-elgin-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Pittsburgh, PA metro, FHA denial rates range from 4.6% to 77.3%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pittsburgh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL metro, apply to DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (17.1% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Lennar Mortgage LLC (30.1%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-deltona-daytona-beach-ormond-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Michigan, the small-loan penalty is 1.63x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mi-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC and expect 2.7% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-vanderbilt-mortgage-and-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Nevada turned down 17.7% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-nv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Dayton-Kettering, OH metro span 23.0pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dayton-kettering-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Union HOME Mortgage Corp. denied 8.3% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-union-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Montgomery, AL metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in San Diego-Carlsbad, CA metro should choose Crosscountry Mortgage LLC over Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-diego-carlsbad-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA metro, the same FHA application faces a 5.0% denial rate at Guild Mortgage Company and 28.5% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-scranton-wilkes-barre-hazleton-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Kansas will be rejected 33.5% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ks-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Waterbury-Shelton, CT metro, your FHA application has a 22.1% chance of denial at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 26.8% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-waterbury-shelton-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.3x small-loan penalty in Arkansas in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ar-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Savannah, GA metro span 17.8pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-savannah-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Nebraska's FHA denial rate is 20.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ne-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Nevada's 17.7% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-nv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Spartanburg, SC metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 21.2% to 33.1% — a gap of 11.9 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spartanburg-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Mutual Of Omaha Mortgage denies 42.1% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-mutual-of-omaha-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Warner Robins, GA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 4.7% at Guild Mortgage Company to 31.1% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warner-robins-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Montgomery, AL metro, the same FHA application faces a 2.7% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 29.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, First Colony Mortgage Corporat denied 5.6% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-first-colony-mortgage-corporat-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Reno, NV metro, your FHA application has a 3.0% chance of denial at Guild Mortgage Company and 18.2% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reno-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 21.8% FHA denial rate in Rhode Island in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ri-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA metro, your FHA application has a 3.3% chance of denial at Ocmbc INC. and 31.6% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-los-angeles-long-beach-glendale-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Corpus Christi, TX metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 13.6% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. to 26.2% at Lennar Mortgage LLC in 2025 because Lennar Mortgage LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-corpus-christi-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Knoxville, TN metro and you have 12.3% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 23.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-knoxville-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Modesto, CA metro, your FHA application has a 0.0% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 26.5% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-modesto-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Vermont, the small-loan penalty is 2.17x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-vt-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Punta Gorda, FL metro, apply to United Wholesale Mortgage (23.3% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Lennar Mortgage LLC (43.3%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-punta-gorda-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA metro should choose NEW American Funding LLC. over United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-des-moines-west-des-moines-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Salt Lake City, UT metro span 25.5pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salt-lake-city-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Wisconsin are denied 26.5% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-wi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Village Capital & Investment denied 33.3% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-village-capital-and-investment-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Ocmbc INC. that reached a decision in 2025 (4,437), 10.4% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-ocmbc-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Arkansas lenders unlawfully denied 21.1% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ar-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Movement Mortgage LLC in Providence-Warwick, RI-MA metro and you have 2.8% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 28.5%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-providence-warwick-ri-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at First Colony Mortgage Corporat in Provo-Orem, UT metro and you have 2.6% odds of denial; at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. your odds are 17.0%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-provo-orem-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Killeen-Temple, TX metro, your FHA application has a 5.9% chance of denial at Fairway Independent MORT CORP and 14.7% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-killeen-temple-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 6.9pp gap between Primelending and United Wholesale Mortgage in Laredo, TX metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-laredo-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 29.2% FHA denial rate in Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ metro in 2025, against NEW American Funding LLC.'s 9.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-havasu-city-kingman-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Better Mortgage Corporation for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 49.4%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-better-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Reno, NV metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 3.0% to 18.2% — a gap of 15.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reno-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Warner Robins, GA metro, your FHA application has a 4.7% chance of denial at Guild Mortgage Company and 31.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warner-robins-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 14.1pp gap between lenders in Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-phoenix-mesa-scottsdale-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Under HUD Mortgagee Letter 2023-05, a 30-year FHA loan of $300,000 at 85% LTV carries an annual MIP of 50 bps for case numbers from 20 March 2023.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:hud-ml-2023-05-annual-mip", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guild Mortgage Company is the best FHA lender in Ogden-Clearfield, UT metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ogden-clearfield-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 1.19x small-loan penalty in Puerto Rico in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-pr-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 58.4% of the time at Carrington Mortgage Services LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-carrington-mortgage-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Primelending: in 2025 it denied 9.1% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-primelending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "NFM INC has a 4.1% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-nfm-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 26.3% FHA denial rate in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 5.9%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-allentown-bethlehem-easton-pa-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA metro, your FHA application has a 1.7% chance of denial at Ixonia Bank and 41.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-youngstown-warren-boardman-oh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Massachusetts's FHA denial rate is 22.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ma-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 11.1% chance of denial at Nations Lending Corporation, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-nations-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Delaware, the small-loan penalty is 2.31x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-de-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at V.i.p. Mortgage INC. will be denied with 5.0% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-vip-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "9.4% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Ruoff Mortgage Company ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-ruoff-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Spartanburg, SC metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 21.2% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 33.1% at NVR Mortgage Finance INC. in 2025 because NVR Mortgage Finance INC. applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spartanburg-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC denied 2.7% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-vanderbilt-mortgage-and-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Dayton-Kettering, OH metro, FHA denial rates range from 3.8% to 26.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dayton-kettering-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Tampa, FL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 6.1% to 28.5% — a gap of 22.4 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tampa-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "24.5% of FHA applications in Florida were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-fl-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.8% of FHA applications in North Carolina were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-nc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Guild Mortgage Company in Wichita, KS metro and you have 4.9% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 28.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wichita-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Mortgage Research Center for an FHA loan, you have a 36.2% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-mortgage-research-center-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. in Peoria, IL metro and you have 2.2% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 32.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-peoria-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to American Financial Network INC. for FHA financing, since it denied 15.3% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-network-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Geneva Financial LLC rejected 3.6% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-geneva-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 10.9pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and United Wholesale Mortgage in McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mcallen-edinburg-mission-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL metro, FHA denial rates range from 26.4% to 31.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-daphne-fairhope-foley-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Worcester, MA-CT metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 8.1% at Guild Mortgage Company to 27.6% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-worcester-ma-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 24.2% FHA denial rate in 2025, Calcon Mutual Mortgage LLC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-calcon-mutual-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 28.5% FHA denial rate in Providence-Warwick, RI-MA metro in 2025, against Movement Mortgage LLC's 2.8%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-providence-warwick-ri-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Odessa, TX metro span 14.3pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-odessa-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 52.8% chance of denial at Newrez LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-newrez-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 26.8% FHA denial rate in Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN metro in 2025, against Freedom Mortgage Corporation's 14.3%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-louisville-jefferson-county-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Lennar Mortgage LLC unlawfully denied 22.9% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-lennar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "22.9% of FHA applications in Massachusetts were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ma-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Memphis, TN-MS-AR metro, apply to Freedom Mortgage Corporation (18.7% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (34.5%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-memphis-tn-ms-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Worcester, MA-CT metro, FHA denial rates range from 8.1% to 27.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-worcester-ma-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in New Mexico were denied 45.5% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nm-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 7.4% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 70.8% at Newrez LLC in 2025 because Newrez LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-york-jersey-city-white-plains-ny-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 26.8% of the time at Pulte Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-pulte-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 4.5% at CMG Mortgage INC to 26.7% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-vancouver-hillsboro-or-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 5.0% of the time at V.i.p. Mortgage INC..", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-vip-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 4.6% chance of denial at Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-ark-la-tex-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "10.2% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Ameris Bank ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-ameris-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 1.3% at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group to 24.3% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hickory-lenoir-morganton-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in Alabama denied 22.9% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-al-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 25.5% FHA denial rate in Elgin, IL metro in 2025, against Guild Mortgage Company's 10.9%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-elgin-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Midland, TX metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 1.3% at Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd. to 13.8% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in 2025 because DHI Mortgage Company LTD. applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-midland-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "American Neighborhood Mortgage Acceptance Company denied 4.6% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-neighborhood-mortgage-acceptance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Massachusetts were denied 59.7% of the time against 20.6% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.9x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ma-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Oklahoma, you have a 35.0% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ok-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 5.6% FHA denial rate in 2025, First Colony Mortgage Corporat is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-colony-mortgage-corporat-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Ruoff Mortgage Company for FHA financing, since it denied 9.4% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-ruoff-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Homebridge Financial Services Inc denied 33.4% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-homebridge-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The Loan Store Inc will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 10.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-the-loan-store-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Peoria, IL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 2.2% to 32.2% — a gap of 30.0 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-peoria-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Shreveport-Bossier City, LA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 1.5% to 37.3% — a gap of 35.8 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-shreveport-bossier-city-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Primelending denied 9.1% of its 5,782 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-primelending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC.'s 26.8% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-taylor-morrison-home-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Carrington Mortgage Services LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (16,051), 58.4% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-carrington-mortgage-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 26.9% chance of denial at NEW American Funding LLC., according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-new-american-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 2.9x small-loan penalty in Massachusetts in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ma-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Wisconsin were denied 45.6% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wi-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Huntsville, AL metro span 20.0pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntsville-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Louisiana, the small-loan penalty is 2.23x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-la-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "First Colony Mortgage Corporat is the best FHA lender in Provo-Orem, UT metro; DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-provo-orem-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Las Cruces, NM metro, your FHA application has a 15.5% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 27.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-cruces-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 24.5% FHA denial rate in Florida in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-fl-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 5.8% of the time at Paramount Residential Mortgage.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-paramount-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Ohio will be rejected 32.6% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-oh-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 12.4% FHA denial rate in 2025, Zillow HOME Loans LLC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-zillow-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 23.2pp gap between lenders in Springfield, MA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, The Loan Store Inc turned down 10.9% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-the-loan-store-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 6.7% FHA denial rate in 2025, Ixonia Bank is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-ixonia-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 29.1% FHA denial rate in Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT metro in 2025, against Freedom Mortgage Corporation's 17.9%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hartford-west-hartford-east-hartford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 26.8pp gap between Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group and Rocket Mortgage in Greensboro-High Point, NC metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greensboro-high-point-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Gateway First Bank denied 7.7% of its 1,973 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-gateway-first-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Inspire Home Loans Inc.'s FHA denial rate is 15.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-inspire-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Plaza HOME Mortgage INC unlawfully denied 35.8% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-plaza-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Camden, NJ metro, apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC (4.9% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Pennymac LOAN Services LLC (28.6%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-camden-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 3.44x small-loan penalty in Washington in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wa-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "American Financing Corporation's 66.9% FHA denial rate in Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO metro in 2025, against Guild Mortgage Company's 5.6%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-denver-aurora-lakewood-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA metro and you have 23.2% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 33.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-anaheim-santa-ana-irvine-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Securitynational Mortgage Company that reached a decision in 2025 (2,761), 14.0% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-securitynational-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Freedom Mortgage Corporation denied 19.9% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-freedom-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.1% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in South Dakota ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-sd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "15.7% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Inspire Home Loans Inc. ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-inspire-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, SC metro, your FHA application has a 19.8% chance of denial at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 30.0% at Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greenville-anderson-mauldin-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 32.2% FHA denial rate in Peoria, IL metro in 2025, against FLAT Branch Mortgage INC.'s 2.2%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-peoria-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Goodleap LLC has a 35.5% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-goodleap-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI metro is denied 4.1% of the time at one door and 24.2% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-minneapolis-st-paul-bloomington-mn-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Tennessee denied 20.5% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-tn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 17.8% of decisioned FHA applications in Puerto Rico were denied, so Puerto Rico is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-pr-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Savannah, GA metro, your FHA application has a 15.9% chance of denial at NEW American Funding LLC. and 33.7% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-savannah-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Movement Mortgage LLC's 5.8% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-movement-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Baton Rouge, LA metro, your FHA application has a 17.3% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 35.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baton-rouge-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 4.45x small-loan penalty in Idaho in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-id-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Luminate Bank unlawfully denied 8.2% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-luminate-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in Virginia denied 21.8% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-va-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Peoria, IL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 2.2% at FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. to 32.2% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-peoria-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tucson, AZ metro, FHA denial rates range from 4.7% to 38.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tucson-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 20.5% denial rate in Tennessee according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-tn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "V.i.p. Mortgage INC. will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 5.0%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-vip-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Guild Mortgage Company in Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX metro and you have 1.4% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 9.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-beaumont-port-arthur-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 22.5pp gap between lenders in Fort Wayne, IN metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-wayne-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL metro is denied 23.5% of the time at one door and 30.8% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-crestview-fort-walton-beach-destin-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 2026 FHA one-unit loan limit floor is $541,287 (HUD ML 2025-23).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:fha-forward-loan-limits-2026", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 11.7pp gap between lenders in Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-davenport-moline-rock-island-ia-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Wyoming's FHA denial rate is 17.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-wy-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 21.7% denial rate in California according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ca-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Worcester, MA-CT metro, the same FHA application faces a 8.1% denial rate at Guild Mortgage Company and 27.6% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-worcester-ma-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in York-Hanover, PA metro is denied 8.5% of the time at one door and 30.8% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-york-hanover-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 71.0% chance of denial at American Financing Corporation, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Ixonia Bank that reached a decision in 2025 (2,472), 6.7% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-ixonia-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach, FL metro, the same FHA application faces a 5.4% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 69.4% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-west-palm-beach-boca-raton-delray-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, The Loan Store Inc denied 10.9% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-the-loan-store-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Planet HOME Lending LLC denied 17.8% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-planet-home-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI metro, the same FHA application faces a 10.9% denial rate at Fairway Independent MORT CORP and 31.6% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-milwaukee-waukesha-west-allis-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Worcester, MA-CT metro span 19.5pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-worcester-ma-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, MI metro, the same FHA application faces a 5.4% denial rate at Union HOME Mortgage Corp. and 54.3% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warren-troy-farmington-hills-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, CA metro, your FHA application has a 27.5% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 57.6% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oakland-hayward-berkeley-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN metro, the same FHA application faces a 6.5% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 25.8% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cincinnati-oh-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 5.1% at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group to 24.9% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-virginia-beach-norfolk-newport-news-va-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Loandepot.com LLC's 35.3% FHA denial rate in Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 21.7%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakeland-winter-haven-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 9.2% of the time at Click N' Close Inc..", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-click-n-close-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at CMG Mortgage INC in Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA metro and you have 4.5% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 26.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-vancouver-hillsboro-or-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Lafayette, LA metro span 18.7pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lafayette-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply at Cardinal Financial Company LI in Odessa, TX metro and you have 1.8% odds of denial; at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. your odds are 16.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-odessa-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 31.6% FHA denial rate in Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI metro in 2025, against Fairway Independent MORT CORP's 10.9%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-milwaukee-waukesha-west-allis-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 22.5pp gap between FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. and Rocket Mortgage in Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-springdale-rogers-ar-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 22.1% FHA denial rate in Minnesota in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-mn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA metro should choose Guild Mortgage Company over United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-scranton-wilkes-barre-hazleton-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA metro span 39.4pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-youngstown-warren-boardman-oh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC metro should choose Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-virginia-beach-norfolk-newport-news-va-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in California were denied 53.7% of the time against 20.4% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.63x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ca-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 34.6% of the time at Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-loandepotcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 25.6% FHA denial rate in Pennsylvania in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-pa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC rejected 6.2% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-crosscountry-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 23.0% of mortgage applications in Ohio were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-oh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO metro span 61.3pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-denver-aurora-lakewood-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in New York, you have a 34.5% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ny-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Newrez Llc denied 52.8% of its 22,790 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-newrez-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "14.5% of people who apply to Plains Commerce Bank for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-plains-commerce-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lennar Mortgage LLC's 21.7% FHA denial rate in San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX metro in 2025, against KBHS HOME Loans LLC's 11.9%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-antonio-new-braunfels-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lennar Mortgage LLC's 33.9% FHA denial rate in Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN metro in 2025, against Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC's 4.0%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-indianapolis-carmel-anderson-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Luminate Bank is the best FHA lender, with a 8.2% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-luminate-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Las Cruces, NM metro is denied 15.5% of the time at one door and 27.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-cruces-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 21.8% FHA denial rate in Rhode Island in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ri-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Oregon's 18.2% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-or-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.4% of decisioned FHA applications in Montana were denied, so Montana is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-mt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, PA metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-county-bucks-county-chester-county-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV metro should choose Crosscountry Mortgage LLC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hagerstown-martinsburg-md-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 27.3% FHA denial rate in Kansas City, MO-KS metro in 2025, against Fairway Independent MORT CORP's 6.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kansas-city-mo-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, American Financial Resources LLC denied 10.4% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 30.1pp gap between Guild Mortgage Company and Rocket Mortgage in Jackson, MS metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jackson-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 4.0% chance of denial at Velocio Mortgage L.l.c., according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-velocio-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Primelending is the best FHA lender in Laredo, TX metro; United Wholesale Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-laredo-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL metro, the same FHA application faces a 7.9% denial rate at American Pacific Mortgage Corporation and 45.4% at Lennar Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cape-coral-fort-myers-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 27.0% FHA denial rate in Columbia, SC metro in 2025, against Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC's 1.9%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbia-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Yuma, AZ metro span 14.1pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-yuma-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at American Pacific Mortgage Corporation will be denied with 12.8% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-pacific-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 23.7% FHA denial rate in Lexington-Fayette, KY metro in 2025, against Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC's 6.0%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lexington-fayette-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Union HOME Mortgage Corp. has a 8.3% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-union-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Avoid Pennymac LOAN Services LLC: in 2025 it denied 22.9% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-pennymac-loan-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Vermont's FHA denial rate is 27.4%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-vt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Texas's FHA denial rate is 15.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-tx-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 35.2% FHA denial rate in Baton Rouge, LA metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 17.3%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baton-rouge-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Maine turned down 24.0% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-me-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 1.49x in Illinois in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-il-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 20.7% of decisioned FHA applications in Nebraska were denied (6,024 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ne-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Expect a 21.7% likelihood of denial on your FHA loan in California in 2025.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-ca-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 27.3pp gap between Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group and United Wholesale Mortgage in Winston-Salem, NC metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-winston-salem-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Loanunited.com LLC is the best FHA lender, with a 24.8% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-loanunitedcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Kansas are denied 22.7% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ks-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Wyoming are denied 37.2% of the time against 14.0% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wy-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 14.8pp gap between Guild Mortgage Company and Rocket Mortgage in Salem, OR metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salem-or-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "SUN WEST Mortgage Company INC will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 20.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-sun-west-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Columbia, SC metro should choose Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbia-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 1.97x small-loan penalty in Pennsylvania in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-pa-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in North Carolina, you have a 41.6% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nc-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Primary Residential Mortgage, Inc. denied 10.7% of its 3,050 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-primary-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Loandepot.com LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (35,196), 34.6% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-loandepotcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Towne Mortgage Company's strict credit overlays caused its 5.5% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-towne-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Stockton-Lodi, CA metro, apply to United Wholesale Mortgage (20.2% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC (47.7%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-stockton-lodi-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Laredo, TX metro, apply to Primelending (6.5% denial rate in 2025) and avoid United Wholesale Mortgage (13.4%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-laredo-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Equity Prime Mortgage LLC denies 20.5% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-equity-prime-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Union HOME Mortgage Corp. is the best FHA lender in Toledo, OH metro; United Wholesale Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-toledo-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL metro span 13.0pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-deltona-daytona-beach-ormond-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ metro is denied 13.6% of the time at one door and 27.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-phoenix-mesa-scottsdale-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Loandepot.com LLC's 29.1% FHA denial rate in Raleigh, NC metro in 2025, against Freedom Mortgage Corporation's 14.0%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-raleigh-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Union Home Mortgage Corp. denied 8.3% of its 8,891 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-union-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Ruoff Mortgage Company is the best FHA lender in South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-south-bend-mishawaka-in-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Gateway First BANK denied 7.7% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-gateway-first-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 26.9% FHA denial rate in 2025, NEW American Funding LLC. is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-new-american-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 32.6% chance of denial at M&T BANK, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-mandt-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Kentucky, the small-loan penalty is 2.21x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ky-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Ohio were denied 32.6% of the time against 18.7% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 1.74x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-oh-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Odessa, TX metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 1.8% to 16.1% — a gap of 14.3 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-odessa-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Plaza HOME Mortgage INC's 35.8% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-plaza-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in Kansas denied 22.7% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ks-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Montana, you have a 47.7% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mt-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in Louisiana denied 24.6% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-la-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Expect a 29.6% likelihood of denial on your FHA loan in the District of Columbia in 2025.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-dc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY metro and you have 3.2% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 30.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-buffalo-cheektowaga-niagara-falls-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Village Capital & Investment that reached a decision in 2025 (8,725), 33.3% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-village-capital-and-investment-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at NVR Mortgage Finance INC. will be denied with 34.0% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-nvr-mortgage-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 27.4% denial rate in Vermont in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-vt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT metro is denied 25.7% of the time at one door and 37.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bridgeport-stamford-norwalk-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Oklahoma were denied 35.0% of the time against 14.9% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.35x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ok-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is the best FHA lender in Huntsville, AL metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntsville-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 6.2% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-crosscountry-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 0.3pp gap between lenders in Clarksville, TN-KY metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-clarksville-tn-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Savannah, GA metro, apply to NEW American Funding LLC. (15.9% denial rate in 2025) and avoid DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (33.7%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-savannah-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 9.2% of the time at T2 Financial LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-t2-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 16.0pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Rocket Mortgage in Oklahoma City, OK metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oklahoma-city-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Newrez LLC denied 52.8% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-newrez-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application in Maryland will be rejected with 24.2% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-md-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.36x in North Carolina in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nc-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The FHA denial rate is 22.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "national-fha-denial-rate-2025", "kind": "national", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 3.4x small-loan penalty in Oregon in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-or-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 4.0% of the time at Velocio Mortgage L.l.c..", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-velocio-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 17.8% chance of denial at Planet HOME Lending LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-planet-home-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 15.0% of decisioned FHA applications in Idaho were denied (8,221 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-id-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Crosscountry Mortgage LLC unlawfully denied 6.2% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-crosscountry-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Fairway Independent MORT CORP: in 2025 it denied 8.3% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-fairway-independent-mort-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Michigan lenders unlawfully denied 27.4% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-mi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In South Dakota, the small-loan penalty is 2.89x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-sd-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, American Pacific Mortgage Corporation denied 12.8% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-american-pacific-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN metro, FHA denial rates range from 14.3% to 26.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-louisville-jefferson-county-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Columbus, GA-AL metro is denied 17.6% of the time at one door and 27.3% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-ga-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 25.1% of decisioned FHA applications in Delaware were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-de-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Freedom Mortgage Corporation in Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN metro and you have 14.3% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 26.8%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-louisville-jefferson-county-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Fort Worth-Arlington, TX metro, apply to United Wholesale Mortgage (19.9% denial rate in 2025) and avoid DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (23.9%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-worth-arlington-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, American Pacific Mortgage Corporation turned down 12.8% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-american-pacific-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Zillow HOME Loans LLC turned down 12.4% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-zillow-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.1% of decisioned FHA applications in Arkansas were denied, so Arkansas is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ar-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Freedom Mortgage Corporation is the best FHA lender in Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hartford-west-hartford-east-hartford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 24.9% denial rate in Iowa in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ia-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 17.7pp gap between Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Lexington-Fayette, KY metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lexington-fayette-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Port St. Lucie, FL metro is denied 6.9% of the time at one door and 44.3% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-port-st-lucie-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Primary Residential Mortgage INC. turned down 10.7% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-primary-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend SUN WEST Mortgage Company INC for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 20.2%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-sun-west-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, CA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 27.5% to 57.6% — a gap of 30.1 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oakland-hayward-berkeley-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach, FL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 5.4% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 69.4% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC in 2025 because Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-west-palm-beach-boca-raton-delray-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd.'s 3.0% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-highlands-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Pennymac LOAN Services LLC denied 22.9% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-pennymac-loan-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Someone like you applying in Maine faces 24.0% odds of an FHA denial.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-me-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Boston, MA metro, your FHA application has a 8.5% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 30.0% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boston-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Calcon Mutual Mortgage Llc denied 24.2% of its 2,013 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-calcon-mutual-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 0.3pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Rocket Mortgage in Clarksville, TN-KY metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-clarksville-tn-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Paramount Residential Mortgage is the best FHA lender in Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach, FL metro; Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-lauderdale-pompano-beach-deerfield-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 22.9% FHA denial rate in 2025, Pennymac LOAN Services LLC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-pennymac-loan-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Lakewood-New Brunswick, NJ metro should choose Crosscountry Mortgage LLC over United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakewood-new-brunswick-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 20.0pp gap between lenders in Huntsville, AL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntsville-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Gold Star Mortgage Financial Group Corporation: in 2025 it denied 7.0% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-gold-star-mortgage-financial-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 1.74x in Ohio in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-oh-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Washington, DC-MD metro, your FHA application has a 15.3% chance of denial at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 32.6% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-washington-dc-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN metro is denied 14.3% of the time at one door and 26.8% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-louisville-jefferson-county-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 9.7pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Rocket Mortgage in Columbus, GA-AL metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-ga-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, First Community Mortgage INC. denied 9.5% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-community-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Goodleap LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (4,118), 35.5% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-goodleap-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 1.4% at Guild Mortgage Company to 9.9% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-beaumont-port-arthur-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 20.2% of the time in Missouri.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-mo-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Primary Residential Mortgage INC. has a 10.7% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-primary-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Huntington National Bank is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 26.3% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-huntington-national-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "15.0% of FHA applications in Idaho were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-id-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 26.8% of the time at Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC..", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-taylor-morrison-home-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI metro should choose United Wholesale Mortgage over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-kenosha-county-il-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "CMG Mortgage INC's FHA denial rate is 6.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-cmg-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lexington-Fayette, KY metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 6.0% at Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC to 23.7% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lexington-fayette-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 10.9% at Fairway Independent MORT CORP to 31.6% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-milwaukee-waukesha-west-allis-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Salem, OR metro should choose Guild Mortgage Company over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salem-or-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Wells Fargo BANK NA is the best FHA lender, with a 48.6% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-wells-fargo-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Homosassa Springs, FL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 22.9% to 31.1% — a gap of 8.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-homosassa-springs-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 23.6% FHA denial rate in Knoxville, TN metro in 2025, against DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 12.3%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-knoxville-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC will be denied with 4.6% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-ark-la-tex-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guaranteed RATE INC. rejected 13.5% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-guaranteed-rate-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 30.1% FHA denial rate in Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL metro in 2025, against Freedom Mortgage Corporation's 20.4%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-palm-bay-melbourne-titusville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 11.0pp gap between lenders in New Haven-Milford, CT metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-haven-milford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application in Illinois will be rejected with 27.5% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-il-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Delaware were denied 51.6% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-de-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 1.4% to 9.9% — a gap of 8.5 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-beaumont-port-arthur-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "US BANK N.A.'s FHA denial rate is 23.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-us-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Rocket Mortgage denied 29.8% of its 96,051 decisioned FHA applications. ⟦FRC:lender-rocket-mortgage-2025:29.8%:abc51242⟧", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-rocket-mortgage-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In the Cleveland metro in 2025, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged over 73.7pp, the largest spread among the 184 metros FinanceRateCalc covers. ⟦FRC:metro-gap-cleveland-oh-2025:73.7pp:830425b5⟧", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cleveland-oh-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 9.7pp gap between lenders in Charleston-North Charleston, SC metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charleston-north-charleston-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lynchburg, VA metro, your FHA application has a 12.7% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 23.4% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lynchburg-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI metro, apply to United Wholesale Mortgage (19.8% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (28.9%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-grand-rapids-wyoming-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA metro is denied 13.1% of the time at one door and 29.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-des-moines-west-des-moines-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Amerihome Mortgage Company LLC's strict credit overlays caused its 14.3% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-amerihome-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 17.8% of decisioned FHA applications in Puerto Rico were denied (7,845 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-pr-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "NFM INC's strict credit overlays caused its 4.1% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-nfm-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 24.8% of the time at Loanunited.com LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-loanunitedcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Massachusetts, you have a 59.7% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ma-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage denies 29.8% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-rocket-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "AmeriSave denies 78.7% of applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-amerisave-mortgage-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine_needs_qualifier", "split": "train"}
{"text": "North Carolina denied 21.8% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-nc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Goodleap LLC's strict credit overlays caused its 35.5% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-goodleap-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Everett Financial INC. will be denied with 10.2% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-everett-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Rockingham County-Strafford County, NH metro, FHA denial rates range from 24.0% to 25.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-rockingham-county-strafford-county-nh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 15.5pp gap between T2 Financial LLC and DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Lubbock, TX metro shows DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lubbock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Union HOME Mortgage Corp. is the best FHA lender in Ocala, FL metro; Lennar Mortgage LLC is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ocala-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in New Mexico are denied 22.3% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-nm-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 30.8% FHA denial rate in New Haven-Milford, CT metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 19.8%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-haven-milford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Canopy Mortgage LLC will be denied with 4.3% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-canopy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 25.6% denial rate in Pennsylvania according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-pa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ocmbc INC. denied 10.4% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-ocmbc-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Click N' Close Inc. unlawfully denied 9.2% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-click-n-close-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Everett, WA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 23.7% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 36.2% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.8% of decisioned FHA applications in Virginia were denied (30,894 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-va-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Stricter lending standards caused Alabama's 2025 FHA denial rate of 22.9%.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-al-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Plaza Home Mortgage, Inc denied 35.8% of its 6,155 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-plaza-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.58x small-loan penalty in Mississippi in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ms-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC for FHA financing, since it denied 2.7% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-vanderbilt-mortgage-and-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.9x in Massachusetts in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ma-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 26.7% of the time in Connecticut.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ct-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Stockton Mortgage Corporation is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 16.3% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-stockton-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Union HOME Mortgage Corp. and expect 8.3% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-union-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Gateway First BANK will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 7.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-gateway-first-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 22.0pp gap between Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group and Rocket Mortgage in Roanoke, VA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-roanoke-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Better Mortgage Corporation's strict credit overlays caused its 49.4% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-better-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.2% of mortgage applications in Maryland were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-md-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 78.7% chance of denial at Amerisave Mortgage Company, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-amerisave-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Akron, OH metro span 24.3pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-akron-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 22.9% FHA denial rate in 2025, Lennar Mortgage LLC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-lennar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO metro, your FHA application has a 5.6% chance of denial at Guild Mortgage Company and 66.9% at American Financing Corporation.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-denver-aurora-lakewood-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Expect a 20.7% likelihood of denial on your FHA loan in Nebraska in 2025.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-ne-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 12.9% chance of denial at Homeamerican Mortgage Corporation, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-homeamerican-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Nebraska lenders unlawfully denied 20.7% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ne-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 10.2pp gap between DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and Loandepot.com LLC in Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, SC metro shows Loandepot.com LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greenville-anderson-mauldin-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 21.4% FHA denial rate in Montana in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-mt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Loanunited.com LLC rejected 24.8% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-loanunitedcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "24.2% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Calcon Mutual Mortgage LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-calcon-mutual-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 21.8% of the time in North Carolina.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-nc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Alaska's 18.2% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ak-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.5% of decisioned FHA applications in Florida were denied (117,742 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-fl-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to American Financial Network INC. that reached a decision in 2025 (6,096), 15.3% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-network-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Colorado will be rejected 46.3% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-co-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 56.1pp gap between lenders in San Diego-Carlsbad, CA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-diego-carlsbad-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 7.3pp gap between lenders in Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-de-md-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Philadelphia, PA metro and you have 6.5% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 37.0%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-philadelphia-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Hawaii denied 31.4% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-hi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "First Heritage Mortgage LLC denied 7.2% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-heritage-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Inspire Home Loans Inc. for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 15.7%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-inspire-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC's 70.6% FHA denial rate in Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL metro in 2025, against DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 14.8%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-miami-miami-beach-kendall-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "23.6% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in West Virginia ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-wv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Click N' Close Inc. will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 9.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-click-n-close-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, T2 Financial LLC unlawfully denied 9.2% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-t2-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Loandepot.com LLC for FHA financing, since it denied 34.6% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-loandepotcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 10.2pp gap between lenders in Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, SC metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greenville-anderson-mauldin-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Financial Resources LLC's FHA denial rate is 10.4%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Massachusetts will be rejected 59.7% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ma-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "CMG Mortgage INC is the best FHA lender in Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gulfport-biloxi-pascagoula-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "24.9% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in New Jersey ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-nj-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH metro is denied 3.9% of the time at one door and 39.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntington-ashland-wv-ky-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Akron, OH metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 2.8% to 27.1% — a gap of 24.3 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-akron-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Delaware lenders unlawfully denied 25.1% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-de-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lakeview Community Capital denies 1.8% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-community-capital-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Jacksonville, FL metro is denied 16.5% of the time at one door and 31.8% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jacksonville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Fresno, CA metro is denied 14.2% of the time at one door and 27.9% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fresno-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lakeview Community Capital rejected 1.8% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-community-capital-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Mississippi, you have a 42.0% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ms-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT metro, apply to Rocket Mortgage (25.7% denial rate in 2025) and avoid United Wholesale Mortgage (37.1%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bridgeport-stamford-norwalk-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ruoff Mortgage Company will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 9.4%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-ruoff-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 29.8% chance of denial at Rocket Mortgage, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-rocket-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The VA funding fee for an IRRRL (streamline refinance) is 0.5% (VA, since 7 April 2023 table).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:va-funding-fee-2023-04-07", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Raleigh, NC metro, FHA denial rates range from 14.0% to 29.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-raleigh-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Mobile, AL metro span 9.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mobile-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "29.8% of people who apply to Rocket Mortgage for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-rocket-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC metro, FHA denial rates range from 9.0% to 27.3%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-augusta-richmond-county-ga-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Wells Fargo BANK NA for FHA financing, since it denied 48.6% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-wells-fargo-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Virginia are denied 41.2% of the time against 18.9% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-va-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "18.2% of FHA loans in Alaska get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ak-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Stricter lending standards caused Virginia's 2025 FHA denial rate of 21.8%.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-va-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Texas will be rejected 27.0% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-tx-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "22.9% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Pennymac LOAN Services LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-pennymac-loan-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 12.2% of the time at KBHS HOME Loans LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-kbhs-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 25.3% denial rate in New York according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ny-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Washington will be rejected 56.7% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wa-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in Alabama, you have a 22.9% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-al-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 10.2% FHA denial rate in 2025, Ameris Bank is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-ameris-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 15.3% of the time at American Financial Network INC..", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-network-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, First Colony Mortgage Corporat unlawfully denied 5.6% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-colony-mortgage-corporat-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 20.0pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Lennar Mortgage LLC in Punta Gorda, FL metro shows Lennar Mortgage LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-punta-gorda-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 21.1pp gap between lenders in Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-vegas-henderson-paradise-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 25.1% denial rate in Delaware according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-de-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY metro, FHA denial rates range from 13.7% to 33.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albany-schenectady-troy-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Prosperity HOME Mortgage LLC's strict credit overlays caused its 18.1% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-prosperity-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 4.1% chance of denial at NFM INC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-nfm-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Illinois lenders unlawfully denied 27.5% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-il-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Lakeview Community Capital unlawfully denied 1.8% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-community-capital-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Savannah, GA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 15.9% to 33.7% — a gap of 17.8 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-savannah-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Guild Mortgage Company in Albuquerque, NM metro and you have 6.0% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 32.5%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albuquerque-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Ocmbc INC. in Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA metro and you have 3.1% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 31.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-riverside-san-bernardino-ontario-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.9% of decisioned FHA applications in Iowa were denied, so Iowa is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ia-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "test"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Raleigh, NC metro should choose Freedom Mortgage Corporation over Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-raleigh-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Nassau County-Suffolk County, NY metro and you have 13.8% odds of denial; at Newrez LLC your odds are 69.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nassau-county-suffolk-county-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Zillow HOME Loans LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (2,946), 12.4% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-zillow-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Homeamerican Mortgage Corporation that reached a decision in 2025 (2,106), 12.9% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-homeamerican-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.76x small-loan penalty in Maine in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-me-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Las Cruces, NM metro span 12.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-cruces-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Stricter lending standards caused Florida's 2025 FHA denial rate of 24.5%.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-fl-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Port St. Lucie, FL metro and you have 6.9% odds of denial; at Loandepot.com LLC your odds are 44.3%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-port-st-lucie-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, 29.6% of decisioned FHA applications in the District of Columbia were denied, so the District of Columbia is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-dc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Lake County-Porter County-Jasper County, IN metro is denied 8.8% of the time at one door and 26.6% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-porter-county-jasper-county-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in Montana denied 21.4% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-mt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "6.9% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Guild Mortgage Company ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-guild-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL metro, the same FHA application faces a 21.7% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 35.3% at Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakeland-winter-haven-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The denial rate for FHA in Illinois stands at 27.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-il-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "10.2% of people who apply to Ameris Bank for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-ameris-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Based on the 2025 record, you will probably be denied in New Mexico: the rate is 22.3%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-nm-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Reno, NV metro span 15.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reno-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "22.3% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in New Mexico ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-nm-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.29x in Missouri in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mo-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Portland-South Portland, ME metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 11.9% at CMG Mortgage INC to 35.5% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-south-portland-me-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Towne Mortgage Company: in 2025 it denied 5.5% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-towne-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Chicago-Naperville-Evanston, IL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 9.0% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 35.2% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chicago-naperville-evanston-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY metro and you have 13.7% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 33.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albany-schenectady-troy-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Click N' Close Inc. denied 9.2% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-click-n-close-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 15.7% chance of denial at Inspire Home Loans Inc., according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-inspire-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Click N' Close Inc.'s FHA denial rate is 9.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-click-n-close-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL metro, your FHA application has a 17.1% chance of denial at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 30.1% at Lennar Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-deltona-daytona-beach-ormond-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to First Community Mortgage INC. that reached a decision in 2025 (3,298), 9.5% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-first-community-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Nebraska denied 20.7% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ne-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Corpus Christi, TX metro, apply to DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (13.6% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Lennar Mortgage LLC (26.2%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-corpus-christi-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA metro, the same FHA application faces a 3.1% denial rate at Ocmbc INC. and 31.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-riverside-san-bernardino-ontario-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Luminate Bank denied 8.2% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-luminate-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Oklahoma City, OK metro, your FHA application has a 23.8% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 39.8% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oklahoma-city-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "22.7% of FHA applications in Kansas were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ks-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 46.6pp gap between lenders in Greeley, CO metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greeley-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guild Mortgage Company is the best FHA lender in St. Louis, MO-IL metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-louis-mo-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Columbus, OH metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 3.4% to 34.1% — a gap of 30.7 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Everett Financial, Inc. denied 10.2% of its 5,337 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-everett-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 24.9% FHA denial rate in Iowa in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ia-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN metro, FHA denial rates range from 3.1% to 24.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nashville-davidson-murfreesboro-franklin-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "33.3% of people who apply to Village Capital & Investment for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-village-capital-and-investment-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The 20.1pp gap between lenders in Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-minneapolis-st-paul-bloomington-mn-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in South Dakota will be rejected 43.4% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-sd-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 26.5% of the time at Nationstar Mortgage.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-nationstar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Ocmbc INC. for FHA financing, since it denied 10.4% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-ocmbc-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lexington-Fayette, KY metro, your FHA application has a 6.0% chance of denial at Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC and 23.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lexington-fayette-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL metro, FHA denial rates range from 19.2% to 41.4%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-north-port-sarasota-bradenton-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Flagstar Bank NA has a 40.7% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-flagstar-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Durham-Chapel Hill, NC metro, FHA denial rates range from 25.9% to 30.4%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-durham-chapel-hill-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Tuscaloosa, AL metro span 23.9pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tuscaloosa-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Calcon Mutual Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender, with a 24.2% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-calcon-mutual-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Winston-Salem, NC metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 0.4% at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group to 27.7% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-winston-salem-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 22.3pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and United Wholesale Mortgage in York-Hanover, PA metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-york-hanover-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Pulte Mortgage LLC will be denied with 26.8% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-pulte-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Ocala, FL metro, apply to Union HOME Mortgage Corp. (10.5% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Lennar Mortgage LLC (37.4%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ocala-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in Arizona denied 18.7% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-az-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "CMG Mortgage INC is the best FHA lender in Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-omaha-council-bluffs-ne-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Guaranteed RATE INC. unlawfully denied 13.5% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-guaranteed-rate-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Calcon Mutual Mortgage LLC and expect 24.2% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-calcon-mutual-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage is the best FHA lender, with a 29.8% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-rocket-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Union HOME Mortgage Corp. in Ocala, FL metro and you have 10.5% odds of denial; at Lennar Mortgage LLC your odds are 37.4%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ocala-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "24.5% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Florida ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-fl-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Indiana, you have a 33.3% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-in-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage is the best FHA lender in Lafayette, LA metro; DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lafayette-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL metro and you have 14.8% odds of denial; at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC your odds are 70.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-miami-miami-beach-kendall-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 26.2pp gap between lenders in Chicago-Naperville-Evanston, IL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chicago-naperville-evanston-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA metro span 33.1pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-sacramento-roseville-arden-arcade-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 25.6% FHA denial rate in Pennsylvania in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-pa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tampa, FL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 6.1% at Click N' Close Inc. to 28.5% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tampa-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Georgia are denied 45.1% of the time against 20.8% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ga-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 24.7% FHA denial rate in Panama City, FL metro in 2025, against DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 23.2%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-panama-city-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 13.7pp gap between Lennar Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Fresno, CA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fresno-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Elgin, IL metro, the same FHA application faces a 10.9% denial rate at Guild Mortgage Company and 25.5% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-elgin-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 53.4pp gap between Union HOME Mortgage Corp. and Flagstar Bank NA in Lansing-East Lansing, MI metro shows Flagstar Bank NA is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lansing-east-lansing-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ metro and you have 7.4% odds of denial; at Newrez LLC your odds are 70.8%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-york-jersey-city-white-plains-ny-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 4.45x in Idaho in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-id-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "31.4% of all home loans in Hawaii were denied in 2025.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-hi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Puerto Rico are denied 17.8% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-pr-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "18.7% of all home loans in Arizona were denied in 2025.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-az-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC metro, your FHA application has a 5.1% chance of denial at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group and 24.9% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-virginia-beach-norfolk-newport-news-va-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 9.1pp gap between lenders in Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-grand-rapids-wyoming-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 33.4% of the time at Homebridge Financial Services Inc.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-homebridge-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group is the best FHA lender in Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-virginia-beach-norfolk-newport-news-va-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Gateway First BANK denied 7.7% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-gateway-first-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "15.0% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Idaho ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-id-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 St. Louis, MO-IL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 7.3% to 27.2% — a gap of 19.9 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-louis-mo-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Mississippi turned down 24.8% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ms-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Newark, NJ-PA metro, the same FHA application faces a 8.8% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 31.0% at Pennymac LOAN Services LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-newark-nj-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in South Dakota denied 21.1% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-sd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Wisconsin were denied 45.6% of the time against 19.9% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.29x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wi-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Chicago-Naperville-Evanston, IL metro, FHA denial rates range from 9.0% to 35.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chicago-naperville-evanston-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Homebridge Financial Services, Inc denied 33.4% of its 2,096 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-homebridge-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 72.7pp gap between lenders in Pittsburgh, PA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pittsburgh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Reno, NV metro, apply to Guild Mortgage Company (3.0% denial rate in 2025) and avoid United Wholesale Mortgage (18.2%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reno-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach, FL metro is denied 5.4% of the time at one door and 69.4% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-west-palm-beach-boca-raton-delray-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Columbia, SC metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 1.9% to 27.0% — a gap of 25.1 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbia-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 21.4% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-united-wholesale-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Columbus, OH metro should choose Crosscountry Mortgage LLC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to Regions BANK for an FHA loan, you have a 40.0% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-regions-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Loandepot.com LLC denied 34.6% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-loandepotcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Calcon Mutual Mortgage LLC's strict credit overlays caused its 24.2% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-calcon-mutual-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at CMG Mortgage INC in El Paso, TX metro and you have 4.9% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 11.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-el-paso-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 11.9% at KBHS HOME Loans LLC to 21.7% at Lennar Mortgage LLC in 2025 because Lennar Mortgage LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-antonio-new-braunfels-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Maryland lenders unlawfully denied 24.2% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-md-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Freedom Mortgage Corporation is the best FHA lender in Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-louisville-jefferson-county-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 23.5pp gap between lenders in Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-scranton-wilkes-barre-hazleton-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ metro and you have 5.9% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 26.3%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-allentown-bethlehem-easton-pa-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Lynchburg, VA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 12.7% to 23.4% — a gap of 10.7 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lynchburg-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guild Mortgage Company is the best FHA lender in Worcester, MA-CT metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-worcester-ma-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.7% of decisioned FHA applications in California were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ca-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Prosperity HOME Mortgage LLC turned down 18.1% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-prosperity-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN metro span 21.4pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nashville-davidson-murfreesboro-franklin-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Envoy Mortgage LTD is the best FHA lender, with a 42.0% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-envoy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 7.2% chance of denial at First Heritage Mortgage LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-first-heritage-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Calcon Mutual Mortgage LLC turned down 24.2% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-calcon-mutual-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Kentucky that reached a decision in 2025 (19,082), 21.4% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ky-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply at Lennar Mortgage LLC in Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL metro and you have 11.8% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 31.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pensacola-ferry-pass-brent-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Punta Gorda, FL metro, FHA denial rates range from 23.3% to 43.3%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-punta-gorda-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 24.0% FHA denial rate in Maine in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-me-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Amerihome Mortgage Company LLC will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 14.3%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-amerihome-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "24.8% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Mississippi ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ms-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Spartanburg, SC metro, FHA denial rates range from 21.2% to 33.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spartanburg-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 14.8pp gap between Pennymac LOAN Services LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-harrisburg-carlisle-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to M&T BANK that reached a decision in 2025 (2,182), 32.6% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-mandt-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL metro, FHA denial rates range from 5.0% to 29.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-naples-immokalee-marco-island-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.4% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Montana ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-mt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 14.6pp gap between lenders in Elgin, IL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-elgin-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 33.3% of the time at Village Capital & Investment.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-village-capital-and-investment-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Vallejo-Fairfield, CA metro is denied 19.4% of the time at one door and 27.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-vallejo-fairfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Alaska's FHA denial rate is 18.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ak-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The Loan Store Inc's FHA denial rate is 10.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-the-loan-store-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Mutual Of Omaha Mortgage unlawfully denied 42.1% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-mutual-of-omaha-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lake County-Porter County-Jasper County, IN metro, your FHA application has a 8.8% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 26.6% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-porter-county-jasper-county-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 19.3pp gap between lenders in Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cincinnati-oh-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in San Diego-Carlsbad, CA metro span 56.1pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-diego-carlsbad-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI metro, FHA denial rates range from 10.9% to 31.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-milwaukee-waukesha-west-allis-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Albuquerque, NM metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 6.0% to 32.5% — a gap of 26.5 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albuquerque-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Florida lenders unlawfully denied 24.5% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-fl-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.8% of decisioned FHA applications in Mississippi were denied (13,335 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ms-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Loandepot.com LLC's 44.3% FHA denial rate in Port St. Lucie, FL metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 6.9%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-port-st-lucie-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "22.5% of FHA applications in Indiana were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-in-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA metro, apply to Ixonia Bank (1.7% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (41.1%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-youngstown-warren-boardman-oh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Freedom Mortgage Corporation rejected 19.9% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-freedom-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI metro is denied 19.8% of the time at one door and 28.9% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-grand-rapids-wyoming-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lennar Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Bakersfield, CA metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bakersfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The 14.8pp gap between lenders in Salem, OR metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salem-or-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Vermont are denied 46.5% of the time against 21.4% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-vt-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Homeamerican Mortgage Corporation denied 12.9% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-homeamerican-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at PHH Mortgage Corporation will be denied with 25.0% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-phh-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 4.6% of the time at Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-ark-la-tex-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 18.2% FHA denial rate in Reno, NV metro in 2025, against Guild Mortgage Company's 3.0%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reno-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Click N' Close Inc. turned down 9.2% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-click-n-close-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC denied 57.0% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-loan-servicing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "25.6% of FHA applications in Pennsylvania were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-pa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-minneapolis-st-paul-bloomington-mn-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 9.0% to 27.3% — a gap of 18.3 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-augusta-richmond-county-ga-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 25.2pp gap between lenders in Chattanooga, TN-GA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chattanooga-tn-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Memphis, TN-MS-AR metro, your FHA application has a 18.7% chance of denial at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 34.5% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-memphis-tn-ms-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Homosassa Springs, FL metro, your FHA application has a 22.9% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 31.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-homosassa-springs-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 10.4% chance of denial at American Financial Resources LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, American Neighborhood Mortgage Acceptance Company denied 4.6% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-american-neighborhood-mortgage-acceptance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Washington turned down 18.7% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-wa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in Florida, you have a 24.5% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-fl-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Newark, NJ-PA metro, FHA denial rates range from 8.8% to 31.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-newark-nj-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD. rejected 20.6% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-dhi-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The denial rate for FHA in West Virginia stands at 23.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-wv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Wichita, KS metro span 23.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wichita-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI metro is denied 10.9% of the time at one door and 31.6% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-milwaukee-waukesha-west-allis-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "17.6% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Wyoming ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-wy-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, PA metro span 20.3pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-county-bucks-county-chester-county-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Luminate Bank rejected 8.2% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-luminate-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Jacksonville, FL metro, your FHA application has a 16.5% chance of denial at Lennar Mortgage LLC and 31.8% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jacksonville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "23.0% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Ohio ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-oh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Union HOME Mortgage Corp. denied 8.3% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-union-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "49.4% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Better Mortgage Corporation ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-better-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Montgomery, AL metro is denied 2.7% of the time at one door and 29.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "24.7% of FHA loans in Georgia get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ga-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Maryland will be rejected 46.1% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-md-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Richmond, VA metro span 22.4pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-richmond-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "25.0% of people who apply to PHH Mortgage Corporation for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-phh-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.2% of FHA loans in South Carolina get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-sc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC's 47.7% FHA denial rate in Stockton-Lodi, CA metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 20.2%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-stockton-lodi-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "1.8% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-flat-branch-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA metro, FHA denial rates range from 3.1% to 31.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-riverside-san-bernardino-ontario-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 19.6pp gap between Canopy Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spokane-spokane-valley-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.3x in Arkansas in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ar-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in New Haven-Milford, CT metro should choose United Wholesale Mortgage over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-haven-milford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 22.3% of the time in New Mexico.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-nm-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Paramount Residential Mortgage is the best FHA lender, with a 5.8% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-paramount-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 24.7% denial rate in Georgia according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ga-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Freedom Mortgage Corporation in Arlington-Alexandria-Reston, VA-WV metro and you have 13.4% odds of denial; at NVR Mortgage Finance INC. your odds are 36.8%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-arlington-alexandria-reston-va-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 1.66x small-loan penalty in Iowa in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ia-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Lennar Mortgage LLC in Jacksonville, FL metro and you have 16.5% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 31.8%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jacksonville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Newrez LLC unlawfully denied 52.8% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-newrez-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Worcester, MA-CT metro is denied 8.1% of the time at one door and 27.6% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-worcester-ma-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Durham-Chapel Hill, NC metro, the same FHA application faces a 25.9% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 30.4% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-durham-chapel-hill-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Missouri are denied 20.2% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-mo-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.86x in Montana in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mt-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.88x in Arizona in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-az-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.1% of FHA applications in Arkansas were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ar-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 22.9% of the time at Lennar Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-lennar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Stockton-Lodi, CA metro, FHA denial rates range from 20.2% to 47.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-stockton-lodi-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Midland, TX metro, the same FHA application faces a 1.3% denial rate at Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd. and 13.8% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-midland-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "We recommend Movement Mortgage LLC for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 5.8%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-movement-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in Oregon, you have a 18.2% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-or-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ocmbc INC. will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 10.4%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-ocmbc-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.7% of decisioned FHA applications in California were denied (78,246 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ca-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Stricter lending standards caused Missouri's 2025 FHA denial rate of 20.2%.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-mo-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 25.7% at Rocket Mortgage to 37.1% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bridgeport-stamford-norwalk-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Punta Gorda, FL metro is denied 23.3% of the time at one door and 43.3% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-punta-gorda-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Canton-Massillon, OH metro, the same FHA application faces a 4.3% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 32.9% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-canton-massillon-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 20.0% FHA denial rate in Salem, OR metro in 2025, against Guild Mortgage Company's 5.2%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salem-or-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lakewood-New Brunswick, NJ metro, the same FHA application faces a 7.5% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 27.9% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakewood-new-brunswick-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL metro should choose DHI Mortgage Company LTD. over Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-orlando-kissimmee-sanford-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Florida were denied 48.7% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-fl-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid American Financial Resources LLC: in 2025 it denied 10.4% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Envoy Mortgage LTD turned down 42.0% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-envoy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "71.0% of people who apply to American Financing Corporation for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 9.5pp gap between Loandepot.com LLC and DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC metro shows DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-myrtle-beach-conway-north-myrtle-beach-sc-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "17.8% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Planet HOME Lending LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-planet-home-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "12.8% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at American Pacific Mortgage Corporation ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-american-pacific-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 26.8% chance of denial at Pulte Mortgage LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-pulte-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Kind Lending LLC's strict credit overlays caused its 27.6% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-kind-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Synergy One Lending Inc. that reached a decision in 2025 (2,372), 10.8% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-synergy-one-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO metro, your FHA application has a 0.6% chance of denial at FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. and 23.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-springdale-rogers-ar-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 29.8% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-rocket-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 27.6% of the time at Kind Lending LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-kind-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The QM points-and-fees cap for a $100,000 loan is $4,139.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "frc:rule:cfpb-hoepa-qm-thresholds-2026", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine_needs_qualifier", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 34.0% of the time at NVR Mortgage Finance INC..", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-nvr-mortgage-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Michigan that reached a decision in 2025 (32,911), 27.4% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-mi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Geneva Financial LLC: in 2025 it denied 3.6% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-geneva-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD. denies 20.6% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-dhi-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Utah that reached a decision in 2025 (14,689), 15.2% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ut-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA metro, your FHA application has a 4.5% chance of denial at CMG Mortgage INC and 26.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-vancouver-hillsboro-or-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 25.7% FHA denial rate in Rockingham County-Strafford County, NH metro in 2025, against Rocket Mortgage's 24.0%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-rockingham-county-strafford-county-nh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Wyoming will be rejected 37.2% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wy-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Austin-Round Rock, TX metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 3.4% at CMG Mortgage INC to 26.4% at Lennar Mortgage LLC in 2025 because Lennar Mortgage LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-austin-round-rock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Terre Haute, IN metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 9.4% to 29.6% — a gap of 20.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-terre-haute-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, First Heritage Mortgage LLC unlawfully denied 7.2% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-heritage-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA metro should choose Ocmbc INC. over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-los-angeles-long-beach-glendale-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 17.9% to 29.1% — a gap of 11.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hartford-west-hartford-east-hartford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Das Acquisition Company, Llc denied 4.7% of its 2,592 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-das-acquisition-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Boston, MA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 8.5% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 30.0% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boston-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Canopy Mortgage LLC rejected 4.3% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-canopy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Arizona, you have a 46.7% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-az-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 24.2% of the time at Calcon Mutual Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-calcon-mutual-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Canopy Mortgage LLC: in 2025 it denied 4.3% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-canopy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "3.6% of people who apply to Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-atlantic-bay-mortgage-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 34.6% chance of denial at Loandepot.com LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-loandepotcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Gainesville, GA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 17.6% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 35.5% at Loandepot.com LLC in 2025 because Loandepot.com LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 13.0pp gap between lenders in Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-deltona-daytona-beach-ormond-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd. for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 3.0%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-highlands-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Guild Mortgage denied 6.9% of its 23,298 decisioned FHA applications. ⟦FRC:lender-guild-mortgage-2025:6.9%:fec9b21b⟧", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-guild-mortgage-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 26.8% FHA denial rate in Dayton-Kettering, OH metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 3.8%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dayton-kettering-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 23.0pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hagerstown-martinsburg-md-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach, FL metro, FHA denial rates range from 5.4% to 69.4%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-west-palm-beach-boca-raton-delray-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to First Heritage Mortgage LLC for an FHA loan, you have a 7.2% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-heritage-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Durham-Chapel Hill, NC metro should choose United Wholesale Mortgage over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-durham-chapel-hill-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application in South Dakota will be rejected with 21.1% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-sd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Kind Lending LLC will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 27.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-kind-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Union HOME Mortgage Corp.'s 8.3% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-union-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Texas, you have a 27.0% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-tx-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 3.7% to 14.6% — a gap of 10.9 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mcallen-edinburg-mission-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Jacksonville, FL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 16.5% to 31.8% — a gap of 15.3 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jacksonville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ameris Bank rejected 10.2% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-ameris-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Nations Lending Corporation unlawfully denied 11.1% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-nations-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX metro, FHA denial rates range from 11.9% to 21.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-antonio-new-braunfels-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Canton-Massillon, OH metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 4.3% to 32.9% — a gap of 28.6 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-canton-massillon-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 10.2% of the time at Everett Financial INC..", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-everett-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Stockton-Lodi, CA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 20.2% to 47.7% — a gap of 27.5 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-stockton-lodi-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 20.1% of the time in Oklahoma.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ok-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Peoria, IL metro, the same FHA application faces a 2.2% denial rate at FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. and 32.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-peoria-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC metro, FHA denial rates range from 22.4% to 31.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-myrtle-beach-conway-north-myrtle-beach-sc-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Guild Mortgage Company unlawfully denied 6.9% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-guild-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Inspire Home Loans Inc. has a 15.7% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-inspire-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 14.3% FHA denial rate in 2025, Amerihome Mortgage Company LLC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-amerihome-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "1.8% of people who apply to Lakeview Community Capital for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-community-capital-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 21.6% denial rate in Colorado according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-co-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Arkansas, you have a 33.6% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ar-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 0.6% at FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. to 23.1% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-springdale-rogers-ar-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Frederick-Gaithersburg-Rockville, MD metro, the same FHA application faces a 18.6% denial rate at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 66.0% at Newrez LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-frederick-gaithersburg-rockville-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 7.4% to 70.8% — a gap of 63.4 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-york-jersey-city-white-plains-ny-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Ruoff Mortgage Company in Fort Wayne, IN metro and you have 9.8% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 32.3%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-wayne-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL metro and you have 21.7% odds of denial; at Loandepot.com LLC your odds are 35.3%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakeland-winter-haven-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 32.6% FHA denial rate in 2025, M&T BANK is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-mandt-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Plaza HOME Mortgage INC that reached a decision in 2025 (6,155), 35.8% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-plaza-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "M/I Financial. LLC has a 5.2% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-m-i-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Toledo, OH metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 5.8% at Union HOME Mortgage Corp. to 30.7% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-toledo-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 22.9% of the time in Massachusetts.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ma-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Austin-Round Rock, TX metro, apply to CMG Mortgage INC (3.4% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Lennar Mortgage LLC (26.4%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-austin-round-rock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Carrington Mortgage Services LLC denied 58.4% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-carrington-mortgage-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "42.1% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Mutual Of Omaha Mortgage ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-mutual-of-omaha-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ohio denied 23.0% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-oh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Oregon that reached a decision in 2025 (12,568), 18.2% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-or-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "27.4% of all home loans in Vermont were denied in 2025.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-vt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "New Jersey's 24.9% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-nj-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN metro span 12.5pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-louisville-jefferson-county-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 9.2% chance of denial at T2 Financial LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-t2-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Expect a 18.7% likelihood of denial on your FHA loan in Washington in 2025.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-wa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Modesto, CA metro is denied 0.0% of the time at one door and 26.5% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-modesto-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA metro, your FHA application has a 9.1% chance of denial at CMG Mortgage INC and 33.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-omaha-council-bluffs-ne-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 18.7% denial rate in Arizona in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-az-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Wichita, KS metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 4.9% to 28.1% — a gap of 23.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wichita-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Kind Lending LLC: in 2025 it denied 27.6% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-kind-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 16.6% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. to 27.9% at Loandepot.com LLC in 2025 because Loandepot.com LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dallas-plano-irving-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 25.6% of decisioned FHA applications in Pennsylvania were denied (36,278 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-pa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Stockton Mortgage Corporation unlawfully denied 16.3% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-stockton-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 9.0% at Guild Mortgage Company to 27.3% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-augusta-richmond-county-ga-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Corpus Christi, TX metro, the same FHA application faces a 13.6% denial rate at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 26.2% at Lennar Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-corpus-christi-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 24.2% FHA denial rate in Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 4.1%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-minneapolis-st-paul-bloomington-mn-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Florida that reached a decision in 2025 (117,742), 24.5% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-fl-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 23.4pp gap between lenders in Arlington-Alexandria-Reston, VA-WV metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-arlington-alexandria-reston-va-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Alabama are denied 39.2% of the time against 16.7% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-al-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 14.5% FHA denial rate in 2025, Plains Commerce Bank is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-plains-commerce-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply at Guild Mortgage Company in Reno, NV metro and you have 3.0% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 18.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reno-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.6% of decisioned FHA applications in Colorado were denied, so Colorado is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-co-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "24.7% of FHA applications in Georgia were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ga-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 9.0pp gap between Loandepot.com LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-houston-the-woodlands-sugar-land-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Rocket Mortgage that reached a decision in 2025 (96,051), 29.8% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-rocket-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 7.1% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 30.1% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hagerstown-martinsburg-md-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Fairway Independent MORT CORP denied 8.3% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-fairway-independent-mort-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 29.8% of the time at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-rocket-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 17.7% of decisioned FHA applications in Nevada were denied (15,198 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-nv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Delaware denied 25.1% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-de-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in New York are denied 25.3% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ny-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Kansas were denied 33.5% of the time against 16.2% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.07x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ks-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 21.4% FHA denial rate in 2025, United Wholesale Mortgage is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-united-wholesale-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "West Virginia's 23.6% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-wv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Homebridge Financial Services Inc denies 33.4% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-homebridge-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 21.4pp gap between lenders in Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nashville-davidson-murfreesboro-franklin-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 18.1% FHA denial rate in 2025, Prosperity HOME Mortgage LLC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-prosperity-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Connecticut, you have a 54.9% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ct-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC metro, your FHA application has a 22.4% chance of denial at Loandepot.com LLC and 31.9% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-myrtle-beach-conway-north-myrtle-beach-sc-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.9% of decisioned FHA applications in Iowa were denied (8,150 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ia-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 15.7% denial rate in Texas according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-tx-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 32.6% FHA denial rate in Washington, DC-MD metro in 2025, against Freedom Mortgage Corporation's 15.3%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-washington-dc-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Goodleap, Llc denied 35.5% of its 4,118 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-goodleap-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Based on the 2025 record, you will probably be denied in Delaware: the rate is 25.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-de-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Elgin, IL metro span 14.6pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-elgin-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Acrisure Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender, with a 8.8% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-acrisure-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in New Hampshire denied 23.7% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-nh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, MA metro, FHA denial rates range from 6.9% to 29.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cambridge-newton-framingham-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, M&T BANK denied 32.6% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-mandt-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, DAS Acquisition Company LLC denied 4.7% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-das-acquisition-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (4,671), 4.6% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-ark-la-tex-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Flagstar Bank NA for FHA financing, since it denied 40.7% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-flagstar-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 26.4% to 31.0% — a gap of 4.6 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-daphne-fairhope-foley-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Homeamerican Mortgage Corporation for FHA financing, since it denied 12.9% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-homeamerican-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Guild Mortgage Company in Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO metro and you have 5.6% odds of denial; at American Financing Corporation your odds are 66.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-denver-aurora-lakewood-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 30.0pp gap between lenders in Peoria, IL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-peoria-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Lower LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (6,150), 22.3% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-lower-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "With a 10.4% FHA denial rate in 2025, Ocmbc INC. is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-ocmbc-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Freedom Mortgage denied 19.9% of its 41,095 decisioned FHA applications. ⟦FRC:lender-freedom-mortgage-2025:19.9%:304dfb84⟧", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-freedom-mortgage-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 21.3pp gap between CMG Mortgage INC and United Wholesale Mortgage in Kennewick-Richland, WA metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kennewick-richland-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL metro should choose Lennar Mortgage LLC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pensacola-ferry-pass-brent-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at M/I Financial. LLC will be denied with 5.2% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-m-i-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Killeen-Temple, TX metro span 8.8pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-killeen-temple-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Iowa were denied 33.7% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ia-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 3.1% to 24.5% — a gap of 21.4 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nashville-davidson-murfreesboro-franklin-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "49.4% of people who apply to Better Mortgage Corporation for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-better-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Visalia-Porterville, CA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 4.9% to 17.9% — a gap of 13.0 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-visalia-porterville-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, First Community Mortgage, Inc. denied 9.5% of its 3,298 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-first-community-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Paramount Residential Mortgage turned down 5.8% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-paramount-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Neighborhood Mortgage Acceptance Company has a 4.6% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-neighborhood-mortgage-acceptance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Guild Mortgage Company will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 6.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-guild-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Missouri lenders unlawfully denied 20.2% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-mo-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Jackson, MS metro is denied 5.6% of the time at one door and 35.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jackson-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, MI metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 5.4% at Union HOME Mortgage Corp. to 54.3% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC in 2025 because Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warren-troy-farmington-hills-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Equity Prime Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender, with a 20.5% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-equity-prime-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 17.6% of decisioned FHA applications in Wyoming were denied (2,911 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-wy-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 33.6pp gap between Movement Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in New Orleans-Metairie, LA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-orleans-metairie-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage is the best FHA lender in Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-anaheim-santa-ana-irvine-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 24.2% FHA denial rate in Maryland in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-md-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ metro span 20.4pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-allentown-bethlehem-easton-pa-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to First Community Mortgage INC. for an FHA loan, you have a 9.5% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-community-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.1% of US mortgage applications were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "national-fha-denial-rate-2025", "kind": "national", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Gold Star Mortgage Financial Group Corporation that reached a decision in 2025 (2,534), 7.0% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-gold-star-mortgage-financial-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Visalia-Porterville, CA metro, FHA denial rates range from 4.9% to 17.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-visalia-porterville-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 12.4% of the time at Zillow HOME Loans LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-zillow-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Paramount Residential Mortgage for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 5.8%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-paramount-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 12.5pp gap between lenders in Midland, TX metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-midland-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "35.8% of people who apply to Plaza HOME Mortgage INC for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-plaza-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Someone like you applying in Illinois faces 27.5% odds of an FHA denial.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-il-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Longview, TX metro, apply to Guild Mortgage Company (3.6% denial rate in 2025) and avoid United Wholesale Mortgage (14.8%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-longview-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 22.3% chance of denial at Lower LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-lower-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Ohio, you have a 32.6% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-oh-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 14.1pp gap between lenders in Yuma, AZ metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-yuma-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA metro is denied 1.7% of the time at one door and 41.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-youngstown-warren-boardman-oh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 14.8% to 70.6% — a gap of 55.8 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-miami-miami-beach-kendall-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same FHA borrower faces a 15.2% denial rate in Utah in 2025.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ut-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Based on the 2025 record, you will probably be denied in Nevada: the rate is 17.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-nv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Plaza HOME Mortgage INC denied 35.8% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-plaza-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Rhode Island are denied 21.8% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ri-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Advantagefirst Lending Inc denied 37.6% of its 3,592 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-advantagefirst-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Financing Corporation will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 71.0%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Small loans in Wisconsin are denied 45.6% of the time against 19.9% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wi-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Reading, PA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 3.5% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 35.7% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reading-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Punta Gorda, FL metro, your FHA application has a 23.3% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 43.3% at Lennar Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-punta-gorda-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Based on the 2025 record, you will probably be denied in Massachusetts: the rate is 22.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-ma-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Reno, NV metro, the same FHA application faces a 3.0% denial rate at Guild Mortgage Company and 18.2% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reno-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "CMG Mortgage INC is the best FHA lender in Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-vancouver-hillsboro-or-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.88x small-loan penalty in Arizona in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-az-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Freedom Mortgage Corporation in Raleigh, NC metro and you have 14.0% odds of denial; at Loandepot.com LLC your odds are 29.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-raleigh-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Securitynational Mortgage Company's 14.0% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-securitynational-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Stricter lending standards caused Tennessee's 2025 FHA denial rate of 20.5%.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-tn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 11.3pp gap between lenders in Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dallas-plano-irving-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 8.2% of the time at Luminate Bank.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-luminate-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Marietta, GA metro, apply to United Wholesale Mortgage (18.0% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Loandepot.com LLC (27.7%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-marietta-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Movement Mortgage LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (14,282), 5.8% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-movement-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Dayton-Kettering, OH metro, apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC (3.8% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (26.8%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dayton-kettering-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Montgomery, AL metro should choose Crosscountry Mortgage LLC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 55.2pp gap between Freedom Mortgage Corporation and American Financing Corporation in Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA metro shows American Financing Corporation is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-atlanta-sandy-springs-roswell-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Financial Network INC. will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 15.3%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-network-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Frederick-Gaithersburg-Rockville, MD metro, apply to Freedom Mortgage Corporation (18.6% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Newrez LLC (66.0%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-frederick-gaithersburg-rockville-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 25.7pp gap between Movement Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Providence-Warwick, RI-MA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-providence-warwick-ri-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Union HOME Mortgage Corp. unlawfully denied 8.3% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-union-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Gainesville, FL metro, FHA denial rates range from 13.0% to 22.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. for FHA financing, since it denied 1.8% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-flat-branch-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "14.3% of people who apply to Amerihome Mortgage Company LLC for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-amerihome-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, MA metro and you have 6.9% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 29.5%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cambridge-newton-framingham-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "26.3% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Huntington National Bank ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-huntington-national-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Gold Star Mortgage Financial Group Corporation for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 7.0%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-gold-star-mortgage-financial-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV metro, your FHA application has a 4.9% chance of denial at Guild Mortgage Company and 26.0% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-vegas-henderson-paradise-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Bakersfield, CA metro span 21.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bakersfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD. will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 20.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-dhi-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 13.4pp gap between lenders in Boise City, ID metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boise-city-id-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 57.0% of the time at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-loan-servicing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Oklahoma City, OK metro, the same FHA application faces a 23.8% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 39.8% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oklahoma-city-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 24.6% of the time in Louisiana.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-la-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, DAS Acquisition Company LLC unlawfully denied 4.7% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-das-acquisition-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "31.4% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Hawaii ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-hi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "9.2% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at T2 Financial LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-t2-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 27.4% of decisioned FHA applications in Vermont were denied (1,001 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-vt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Click N' Close Inc. is the best FHA lender, with a 9.2% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-click-n-close-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The FHA one-unit loan limit floor is $541,287.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "frc:rule:fha-forward-loan-limits-2026", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine_needs_qualifier", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Spartanburg, SC metro and you have 21.2% odds of denial; at NVR Mortgage Finance INC. your odds are 33.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-spartanburg-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply at Movement Mortgage LLC in Pittsburgh, PA metro and you have 4.6% odds of denial; at Amerisave Mortgage Company your odds are 77.3%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pittsburgh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Roanoke, VA metro, your FHA application has a 0.6% chance of denial at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group and 22.6% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-roanoke-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at American Financial Network INC. will be denied with 15.3% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-network-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "5.8% of people who apply to Paramount Residential Mortgage for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-paramount-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Someone like you applying in New York faces 25.3% odds of an FHA denial.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ny-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 9.7pp gap between lenders in Columbus, GA-AL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-ga-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 42.1% of the time at Mutual Of Omaha Mortgage.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-mutual-of-omaha-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid NFM INC: in 2025 it denied 4.1% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-nfm-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Homeamerican Mortgage Corporation will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 12.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-homeamerican-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.7% of decisioned FHA applications in Georgia were denied, so Georgia is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ga-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 21.4% FHA denial rate in Kentucky in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ky-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The 17.8pp gap between lenders in Lake County-Porter County-Jasper County, IN metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-porter-county-jasper-county-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC turned down 57.0% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-loan-servicing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Advantagefirst Lending Inc's 37.6% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-advantagefirst-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Port St. Lucie, FL metro, your FHA application has a 6.9% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 44.3% at Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-port-st-lucie-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Toledo, OH metro is denied 5.8% of the time at one door and 30.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-toledo-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Colorado, you have a 46.3% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-co-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ohio's 23.0% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-oh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Oklahoma City, OK metro, FHA denial rates range from 23.8% to 39.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oklahoma-city-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Expect a 21.8% likelihood of denial on your FHA loan in North Carolina in 2025.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-nc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 9.2pp gap between lenders in Mobile, AL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mobile-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Arlington-Alexandria-Reston, VA-WV metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 13.4% to 36.8% — a gap of 23.4 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-arlington-alexandria-reston-va-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 29.6% denial rate in the District of Columbia according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-dc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.17x in West Virginia in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wv-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid First Community Mortgage INC.: in 2025 it denied 9.5% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-first-community-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "PHH Mortgage Corporation is the best FHA lender, with a 25.0% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-phh-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Providence-Warwick, RI-MA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 2.8% at Movement Mortgage LLC to 28.5% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-providence-warwick-ri-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Mobile, AL metro, FHA denial rates range from 24.7% to 33.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mobile-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 36.2% chance of denial at Mortgage Research Center, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-mortgage-research-center-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Camden, NJ metro, your FHA application has a 4.9% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 28.6% at Pennymac LOAN Services LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-camden-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Michigan are denied 35.8% of the time against 21.9% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mi-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 28.1pp gap between Ocmbc INC. and Rocket Mortgage in Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-riverside-san-bernardino-ontario-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Springfield, MA metro, your FHA application has a 7.5% chance of denial at CMG Mortgage INC and 30.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Colorado, the small-loan penalty is 2.31x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-co-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Reading, PA metro is denied 3.5% of the time at one door and 35.7% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reading-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "5.8% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Paramount Residential Mortgage ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-paramount-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lexington-Fayette, KY metro, the same FHA application faces a 6.0% denial rate at Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC and 23.7% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lexington-fayette-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL metro, FHA denial rates range from 11.8% to 31.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pensacola-ferry-pass-brent-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD metro, the same FHA application faces a 19.2% denial rate at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 30.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baltimore-columbia-towson-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX metro should choose KBHS HOME Loans LLC over Lennar Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-antonio-new-braunfels-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Someone like you applying in Utah faces 15.2% odds of an FHA denial.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ut-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Lynchburg, VA metro is denied 12.7% of the time at one door and 23.4% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lynchburg-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Stricter lending standards caused Oklahoma's 2025 FHA denial rate of 20.1%.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ok-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Homebridge Financial Services Inc denied 33.4% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-homebridge-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Austin-Round Rock, TX metro span 23.0pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-austin-round-rock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Huntington National Bank denied 26.3% of its 2,766 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-huntington-national-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Richmond, VA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 14.6% at Freedom Mortgage Corporation to 37.0% at NVR Mortgage Finance INC. in 2025 because NVR Mortgage Finance INC. applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-richmond-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Richmond, VA metro is denied 14.6% of the time at one door and 37.0% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-richmond-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 22.9% denial rate in Massachusetts according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ma-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 33.7% FHA denial rate in Savannah, GA metro in 2025, against NEW American Funding LLC.'s 15.9%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-savannah-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN metro, apply to Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC (4.0% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Lennar Mortgage LLC (33.9%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-indianapolis-carmel-anderson-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "SUN WEST Mortgage Company INC is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 20.2% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-sun-west-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 18.2% of decisioned FHA applications in Alaska were denied (1,916 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ak-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "8.2% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Luminate Bank ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-luminate-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Loandepot.com LLC's 35.5% FHA denial rate in Gainesville, GA metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 17.6%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lennar Mortgage LLC's 30.1% FHA denial rate in Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL metro in 2025, against DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 17.1%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-deltona-daytona-beach-ormond-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 6.9% of the time at Guild Mortgage Company.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-guild-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Guild Mortgage Company in Salem, OR metro and you have 5.2% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 20.0%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salem-or-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, NFM INC turned down 4.1% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-nfm-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The 28.1pp gap between lenders in Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-riverside-san-bernardino-ontario-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "21.2% of FHA applications in South Carolina were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-sc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 34.1% FHA denial rate in Columbus, OH metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 3.4%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Columbus, OH metro, the same FHA application faces a 3.4% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 34.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "27.6% of people who apply to Kind Lending LLC for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-kind-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.17x in New Jersey in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nj-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Everett Financial INC. rejected 10.2% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-everett-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Akron, OH metro is denied 2.8% of the time at one door and 27.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-akron-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "27.6% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Kind Lending LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-kind-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 22.2pp gap between DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC. in North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL metro shows Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC. is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-north-port-sarasota-bradenton-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The annual MIP depends on the loan term and the case number date; for a $300,000 loan at 85% LTV it is 50 bps over 15 years and 15 bps at 15 years or less, under HUD ML 2023-05.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "frc:rule:hud-ml-2023-05-annual-mip", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine_needs_qualifier", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 26.7% FHA denial rate in Connecticut in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ct-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 27.4% FHA denial rate in Vermont in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-vt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 20.3pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, PA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-county-bucks-county-chester-county-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.2% of decisioned FHA applications in South Carolina were denied (32,368 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-sc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 32.5% FHA denial rate in Albuquerque, NM metro in 2025, against Guild Mortgage Company's 6.0%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albuquerque-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 57.0pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Amerisave Mortgage Company in Detroit-Dearborn-Livonia, MI metro shows Amerisave Mortgage Company is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-detroit-dearborn-livonia-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Plains Commerce Bank unlawfully denied 14.5% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-plains-commerce-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 24.9% denial rate in New Jersey according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-nj-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "California's denial rate is 21.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ca-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine_needs_qualifier", "split": "train"}
{"text": "10.7% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Primary Residential Mortgage INC. ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-primary-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Chattanooga, TN-GA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 5.0% to 30.2% — a gap of 25.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chattanooga-tn-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Panama City, FL metro and you have 23.2% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 24.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-panama-city-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 4.7pp gap between lenders in Waterbury-Shelton, CT metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-waterbury-shelton-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 20.6% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-dhi-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Birmingham-Hoover, AL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 16.6% to 49.8% — a gap of 33.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-birmingham-hoover-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Pulte Mortgage LLC's strict credit overlays caused its 26.8% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-pulte-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Durham-Chapel Hill, NC metro, your FHA application has a 25.9% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 30.4% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-durham-chapel-hill-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Ogden-Clearfield, UT metro is denied 2.3% of the time at one door and 28.8% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ogden-clearfield-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Fort Wayne, IN metro span 22.5pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-wayne-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Lansing-East Lansing, MI metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 4.3% to 57.7% — a gap of 53.4 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lansing-east-lansing-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 30.2% FHA denial rate in Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 3.2%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-buffalo-cheektowaga-niagara-falls-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Envoy Mortgage, Ltd denied 42.0% of its 2,264 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-envoy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Connecticut turned down 26.7% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-ct-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV metro span 21.1pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-vegas-henderson-paradise-nv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Terre Haute, IN metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 9.4% at Ruoff Mortgage Company to 29.6% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-terre-haute-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Washington, you have a 56.7% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wa-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA metro, the same FHA application faces a 6.4% denial rate at Movement Mortgage LLC and 33.0% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-seattle-bellevue-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Loandepot.Com Llc denied 34.6% of its 35,196 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-loandepotcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Utah, the small-loan penalty is 3.87x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ut-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Nassau County-Suffolk County, NY metro, FHA denial rates range from 13.8% to 69.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nassau-county-suffolk-county-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ metro is denied 7.4% of the time at one door and 70.8% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-york-jersey-city-white-plains-ny-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 15.2% of the time at Top Flite Financial Inc..", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-top-flite-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Wisconsin's 26.5% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-wi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in York-Hanover, PA metro span 22.3pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-york-hanover-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 28.5pp gap between lenders in Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-charlotte-concord-gastonia-nc-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Tennessee are denied 39.6% of the time against 15.8% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-tn-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Texas that reached a decision in 2025 (129,285), 15.7% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-tx-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Everett Financial INC. that reached a decision in 2025 (5,337), 10.2% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-everett-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, V.i.p. Mortgage INC. unlawfully denied 5.0% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-vip-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Nebraska, the small-loan penalty is 2.58x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ne-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "18.7% of FHA applications in Washington were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-wa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.23x in Louisiana in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-la-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Toledo, OH metro, apply to Union HOME Mortgage Corp. (5.8% denial rate in 2025) and avoid United Wholesale Mortgage (30.7%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-toledo-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Birmingham-Hoover, AL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 16.6% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 49.8% at Loandepot.com LLC in 2025 because Loandepot.com LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-birmingham-hoover-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 14.0% of the time at Securitynational Mortgage Company.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-securitynational-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 20.2pp gap between lenders in Terre Haute, IN metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-terre-haute-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Arlington-Alexandria-Reston, VA-WV metro, your FHA application has a 13.4% chance of denial at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 36.8% at NVR Mortgage Finance INC..", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-arlington-alexandria-reston-va-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 23.2pp gap between lenders in Wichita, KS metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wichita-ks-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC. rejected 26.8% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-taylor-morrison-home-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Greeley, CO metro, the same FHA application faces a 15.6% denial rate at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 62.2% at American Financing Corporation.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greeley-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 10.0pp gap between lenders in Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-anaheim-santa-ana-irvine-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Village Capital & Investment is the best FHA lender, with a 33.3% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-village-capital-and-investment-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "We recommend Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC. for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 26.8%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-taylor-morrison-home-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA metro is denied 5.0% of the time at one door and 28.5% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-scranton-wilkes-barre-hazleton-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Gateway First BANK and expect 7.7% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-gateway-first-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Equity Prime Mortgage Llc denied 20.5% of its 8,792 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-equity-prime-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to NVR Mortgage Finance INC. that reached a decision in 2025 (7,354), 34.0% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-nvr-mortgage-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Nations Lending Corporation turned down 11.1% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-nations-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Loandepot.com LLC is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 34.6% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-loandepotcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Envoy Mortgage LTD denied 42.0% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-envoy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL metro, apply to Rocket Mortgage (26.4% denial rate in 2025) and avoid DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (31.0%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-daphne-fairhope-foley-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Goodleap LLC will be denied with 35.5% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-goodleap-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Cardinal Financial Company LI denies 12.0% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-cardinal-financial-li-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Greeley, CO metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 15.6% to 62.2% — a gap of 46.6 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greeley-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL metro, your FHA application has a 14.8% chance of denial at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 70.6% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-miami-miami-beach-kendall-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Chattanooga, TN-GA metro span 25.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chattanooga-tn-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guild Mortgage Company is the best FHA lender in Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO metro; American Financing Corporation is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-denver-aurora-lakewood-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to First Colony Mortgage Corporat and expect 5.6% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-colony-mortgage-corporat-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 27.4% of the time in Michigan.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-mi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 22.5pp gap between lenders in Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-springdale-rogers-ar-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Ohio that reached a decision in 2025 (46,317), 23.0% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-oh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, MA metro, apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC (6.9% denial rate in 2025) and avoid United Wholesale Mortgage (29.5%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cambridge-newton-framingham-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Rocket Mortgage denied 29.8% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-rocket-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX metro, FHA denial rates range from 16.6% to 27.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dallas-plano-irving-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Huntsville, AL metro should choose DHI Mortgage Company LTD. over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntsville-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Yuma, AZ metro, your FHA application has a 3.5% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 17.6% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-yuma-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Yuma, AZ metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 3.5% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 17.6% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-yuma-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Greensboro-High Point, NC metro should choose Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greensboro-high-point-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Freedom Mortgage Corporation in Richmond, VA metro and you have 14.6% odds of denial; at NVR Mortgage Finance INC. your odds are 37.0%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-richmond-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Regions BANK turned down 40.0% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-regions-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Ixonia Bank turned down 6.7% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-ixonia-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "American Financing Corporation's 76.7% FHA denial rate in Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA metro in 2025, against Freedom Mortgage Corporation's 21.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-atlanta-sandy-springs-roswell-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Yuma, AZ metro, apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC (3.5% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (17.6%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-yuma-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Austin-Round Rock, TX metro should choose CMG Mortgage INC over Lennar Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-austin-round-rock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Canopy Mortgage LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (2,720), 4.3% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-canopy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 7.4% at CMG Mortgage INC to 28.7% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gulfport-biloxi-pascagoula-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Geneva Financial Llc denied 3.6% of its 1,968 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-geneva-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Wells Fargo BANK NA and expect 48.6% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-wells-fargo-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 17.6% FHA denial rate in Yuma, AZ metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 3.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-yuma-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Envoy Mortgage LTD's 42.0% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-envoy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The 25.5pp gap between lenders in Salt Lake City, UT metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-salt-lake-city-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC unlawfully denied 2.7% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-vanderbilt-mortgage-and-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Texas were denied 27.0% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-tx-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ruoff Mortgage Company has a 9.4% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-ruoff-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to NFM INC for FHA financing, since it denied 4.1% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-nfm-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 19.4pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Rocket Mortgage in Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albany-schenectady-troy-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "11.1% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Nations Lending Corporation ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-nations-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Freedom Mortgage Corporation's FHA denial rate is 19.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-freedom-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Panama City, FL metro, FHA denial rates range from 23.2% to 24.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-panama-city-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 17.6% of decisioned FHA applications in Wyoming were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-wy-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Movement Mortgage, Llc denied 5.8% of its 14,282 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-movement-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ metro, your FHA application has a 21.6% chance of denial at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 28.9% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-de-md-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Arizona will be rejected 46.7% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-az-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Washington, DC-MD metro, FHA denial rates range from 15.3% to 32.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-washington-dc-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Huntsville, AL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 11.1% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. to 31.1% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntsville-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.07x in Kansas in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ks-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Rocket Mortgage denied 29.8% of its 96,051 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-rocket-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI metro, your FHA application has a 4.1% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 24.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-minneapolis-st-paul-bloomington-mn-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Philadelphia, PA metro, the same FHA application faces a 6.5% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 37.0% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-philadelphia-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Newark, NJ-PA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 8.8% to 31.0% — a gap of 22.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-newark-nj-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Shreveport-Bossier City, LA metro span 35.8pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-shreveport-bossier-city-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "20.5% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Tennessee ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-tn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Visalia-Porterville, CA metro should choose DHI Mortgage Company LTD. over United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-visalia-porterville-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 30.0% FHA denial rate in Boston, MA metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 8.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boston-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Arlington-Alexandria-Reston, VA-WV metro, apply to Freedom Mortgage Corporation (13.4% denial rate in 2025) and avoid NVR Mortgage Finance INC. (36.8%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-arlington-alexandria-reston-va-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 21.9% FHA denial rate in Kennewick-Richland, WA metro in 2025, against CMG Mortgage INC's 0.6%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kennewick-richland-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "24.6% of FHA loans in Louisiana get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-la-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Freedom Mortgage Corporation in Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD metro and you have 19.2% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 30.1%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baltimore-columbia-towson-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.23x small-loan penalty in Louisiana in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-la-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 23.0% of decisioned FHA applications in Ohio were denied (46,317 applications reaching a decision). ⟦FRC:state-oh-2025:23.0%:34beae06⟧", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-oh-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in York-Hanover, PA metro and you have 8.5% odds of denial; at United Wholesale Mortgage your odds are 30.8%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-york-hanover-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Amerisave Mortgage Company's 77.3% FHA denial rate in Pittsburgh, PA metro in 2025, against Movement Mortgage LLC's 4.6%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pittsburgh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Tucson, AZ metro span 33.4pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tucson-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 1.97x in Pennsylvania in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-pa-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Huntsville, AL metro, your FHA application has a 11.1% chance of denial at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 31.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntsville-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 35.8% chance of denial at Plaza HOME Mortgage INC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-plaza-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.6% of decisioned FHA applications in Louisiana were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-la-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "First Colony Mortgage Corporat rejected 5.6% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-first-colony-mortgage-corporat-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Marietta, GA metro, the same FHA application faces a 18.0% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 27.7% at Loandepot.com LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-marietta-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Huntsville, AL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 11.1% to 31.1% — a gap of 20.0 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntsville-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group has a 3.6% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-atlantic-bay-mortgage-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "15.0% of FHA loans in Idaho get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-id-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Washington, DC-MD metro, the same FHA application faces a 15.3% denial rate at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 32.6% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-washington-dc-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Kbhs Home Loans, Llc denied 12.2% of its 3,918 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-kbhs-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Oklahoma are denied 35.0% of the time against 14.9% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ok-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s strict credit overlays caused its 20.6% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-dhi-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Cleveland, OH metro, FHA denial rates range from 6.4% to 80.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cleveland-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 8.3% FHA denial rate in 2025, Fairway Independent MORT CORP is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-fairway-independent-mort-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 3.1% to 31.2% — a gap of 28.1 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-riverside-san-bernardino-ontario-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 14.3% to 26.8% — a gap of 12.5 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-louisville-jefferson-county-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Canton-Massillon, OH metro, your FHA application has a 4.3% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 32.9% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-canton-massillon-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Geneva Financial LLC and expect 3.6% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-geneva-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "First Colony Mortgage Corporat has a 5.6% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-colony-mortgage-corporat-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Vanderbilt Mortgage AND Finance INC in Columbia, SC metro and you have 1.9% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 27.0%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbia-sc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, Hawaii turned down 31.4% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-hi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Homosassa Springs, FL metro, the same FHA application faces a 22.9% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 31.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-homosassa-springs-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Cleveland's lender gap is 73.7pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cleveland-oh-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine_needs_qualifier", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Warner Robins, GA metro, FHA denial rates range from 4.7% to 31.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warner-robins-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Jpmorgan Chase Bank NA rejected 42.2% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-jpmorgan-chase-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Oregon's FHA denial rate is 18.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-or-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Zillow HOME Loans LLC for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 12.4%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-zillow-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 27.0pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-buffalo-cheektowaga-niagara-falls-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Boise City, ID metro should choose Premier Mortgage Resources LLC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boise-city-id-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC in San Diego-Carlsbad, CA metro and you have 0.8% odds of denial; at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC your odds are 56.9%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-diego-carlsbad-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 8.3% chance of denial at Union HOME Mortgage Corp., according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-union-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "We recommend T2 Financial LLC for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 9.2%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-t2-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Las Cruces, NM metro, FHA denial rates range from 15.5% to 27.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-cruces-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach, FL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 5.2% to 74.6% — a gap of 69.4 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-lauderdale-pompano-beach-deerfield-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In St. Louis, MO-IL metro, the same FHA application faces a 7.3% denial rate at Guild Mortgage Company and 27.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-louis-mo-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Fort Worth-Arlington, TX metro, your FHA application has a 19.9% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 23.9% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-worth-arlington-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Utah's 15.2% FHA denial rate in 2025 shows lenders there violate fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ut-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY metro, the same FHA application faces a 13.7% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 33.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albany-schenectady-troy-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Lubbock, TX metro span 15.5pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lubbock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 15.3% FHA denial rate in 2025, American Financial Network INC. is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-network-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 24.8% denial rate in Mississippi according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ms-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Odessa, TX metro is denied 1.8% of the time at one door and 16.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-odessa-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 20.0pp gap between lenders in Punta Gorda, FL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-punta-gorda-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ixonia Bank is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 6.7% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-ixonia-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX metro is denied 16.5% of the time at one door and 25.5% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-houston-the-woodlands-sugar-land-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Jpmorgan Chase Bank NA will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 42.2%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-jpmorgan-chase-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is the best FHA lender in Panama City, FL metro; United Wholesale Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-panama-city-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 33.2pp gap between lenders in Birmingham-Hoover, AL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-birmingham-hoover-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Montgomery, AL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 2.7% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 29.1% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Clarksville, TN-KY metro should choose United Wholesale Mortgage over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-clarksville-tn-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Reading, PA metro should choose Crosscountry Mortgage LLC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reading-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 7.7% FHA denial rate in 2025, Gateway First BANK is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-gateway-first-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same application was denied 15.2% of the time in Utah.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ut-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 5.0% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 29.9% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-naples-immokalee-marco-island-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Panama City, FL metro, your FHA application has a 23.2% chance of denial at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 24.7% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-panama-city-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Kind Lending, Llc denied 27.6% of its 10,723 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-kind-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Primary Residential Mortgage INC. is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 10.7% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-primary-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Atlantic Bay Mortgage Group denied 3.6% of its 3,145 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-atlantic-bay-mortgage-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Gainesville, GA metro, FHA denial rates range from 17.6% to 35.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA metro, FHA denial rates range from 11.5% to 26.3%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-harrisburg-carlisle-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 33.1pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC in Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA metro shows Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-sacramento-roseville-arden-arcade-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL metro, the same FHA application faces a 17.1% denial rate at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 30.1% at Lennar Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-deltona-daytona-beach-ormond-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 8.3% of the time at Fairway Independent MORT CORP.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-fairway-independent-mort-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 5.4% of the time at Premier Mortgage Resources LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-premier-mortgage-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Securitynational Mortgage Company denies 14.0% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-securitynational-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 El Paso, TX metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 4.9% to 11.6% — a gap of 6.7 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-el-paso-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Village Capital & Investment will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 33.3%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-village-capital-and-investment-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at M&T BANK will be denied with 32.6% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-mandt-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Movement Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Pittsburgh, PA metro; Amerisave Mortgage Company is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pittsburgh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "15.2% of FHA loans in Utah get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ut-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Nationstar Mortgage turned down 26.5% of conventional loan applicants.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-nationstar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 7.9% to 45.4% — a gap of 37.5 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cape-coral-fort-myers-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Everett, WA metro, FHA denial rates range from 23.7% to 36.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 4.8pp gap between lenders in Fayetteville, NC metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 5.9% to 26.3% — a gap of 20.4 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-allentown-bethlehem-easton-pa-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Florida were denied 48.7% of the time against 22.2% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.19x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-fl-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, MA metro, your FHA application has a 6.9% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 29.5% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cambridge-newton-framingham-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.2% of decisioned FHA applications in South Carolina were denied, so South Carolina is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-sc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lakeview Community Capital's 1.8% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-community-capital-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 27.6% FHA denial rate in Worcester, MA-CT metro in 2025, against Guild Mortgage Company's 8.1%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-worcester-ma-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 20.0pp gap between DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and Rocket Mortgage in Huntsville, AL metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-huntsville-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lakewood-New Brunswick, NJ metro, FHA denial rates range from 7.5% to 27.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakewood-new-brunswick-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Tennessee lenders unlawfully denied 20.5% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-tn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 23.5% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 30.8% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in 2025 because DHI Mortgage Company LTD. applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-crestview-fort-walton-beach-destin-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to First Heritage Mortgage LLC and expect 7.2% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-heritage-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 11.3pp gap between DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and Loandepot.com LLC in Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX metro shows Loandepot.com LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-dallas-plano-irving-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 25.0% chance of denial at PHH Mortgage Corporation, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-phh-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Bakersfield, CA metro, FHA denial rates range from 12.1% to 33.3%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bakersfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 8.8pp gap between Fairway Independent MORT CORP and DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in Killeen-Temple, TX metro shows DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-killeen-temple-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The denial rate for FHA in Montana stands at 21.4%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-mt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Carrington Mortgage Services LLC's 58.4% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-carrington-mortgage-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 27.2% FHA denial rate in St. Louis, MO-IL metro in 2025, against Guild Mortgage Company's 7.3%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-louis-mo-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Lakewood-New Brunswick, NJ metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 7.5% to 27.9% — a gap of 20.4 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakewood-new-brunswick-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "NFM INC's 4.1% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-nfm-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply to FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. and expect 1.8% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-flat-branch-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "With a 58.4% FHA denial rate in 2025, Carrington Mortgage Services LLC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-carrington-mortgage-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Freedom Mortgage Corporation in Waterbury-Shelton, CT metro and you have 22.1% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 26.8%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-waterbury-shelton-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "KBHS HOME Loans LLC rejected 12.2% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-kbhs-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 5.5% of the time at Towne Mortgage Company.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-towne-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lexington-Fayette, KY metro, apply to Ark-la-tex Financial Services LLC (6.0% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (23.7%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lexington-fayette-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 5.8% chance of denial at Paramount Residential Mortgage, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-paramount-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to US BANK N.A. for FHA financing, since it denied 23.5% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-us-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 26.2pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Chicago-Naperville-Evanston, IL metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chicago-naperville-evanston-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to KBHS HOME Loans LLC and expect 12.2% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-kbhs-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Mortgage Research Center denied 36.2% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-mortgage-research-center-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, T2 Financial LLC denied 9.2% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-t2-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 39.4pp gap between lenders in Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-youngstown-warren-boardman-oh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guild Mortgage Company's 6.9% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-guild-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, First Colony Mortgage Corporat denied 5.6% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-colony-mortgage-corporat-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Reading, PA metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reading-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 27.4% FHA denial rate in Vermont in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-vt-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Corpus Christi, TX metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 13.6% to 26.2% — a gap of 12.6 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-corpus-christi-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.6% of mortgage applications in Louisiana were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-la-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "10.2% of people who apply to Everett Financial INC. for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-everett-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in New Mexico that reached a decision in 2025 (9,157), 22.3% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-nm-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN metro should choose Crosscountry Mortgage LLC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cincinnati-oh-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 2.21x small-loan penalty in Kentucky in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ky-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 21.1% FHA denial rate in South Dakota in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-sd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid NEW American Funding LLC.: in 2025 it denied 26.9% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-new-american-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Albuquerque, NM metro, the same FHA application faces a 6.0% denial rate at Guild Mortgage Company and 32.5% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albuquerque-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Primary Residential Mortgage INC.: in 2025 it denied 10.7% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-primary-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Colorado Springs, CO metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 4.7% to 21.4% — a gap of 16.7 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-colorado-springs-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Detroit-Dearborn-Livonia, MI metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 24.6% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 81.6% at Amerisave Mortgage Company in 2025 because Amerisave Mortgage Company applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-detroit-dearborn-livonia-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, West Virginia lenders unlawfully denied 23.6% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-wv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Oregon, you have a 53.4% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-or-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ metro; Newrez LLC is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-york-jersey-city-white-plains-ny-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 19.9pp gap between Guild Mortgage Company and Rocket Mortgage in St. Louis, MO-IL metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-louis-mo-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.17x in Georgia in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ga-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Kentucky, you have a 34.3% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ky-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Luminate Bank's 8.2% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-luminate-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Puerto Rico, the small-loan penalty is 1.19x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-pr-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 26.3% of the time at Huntington National Bank.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-huntington-national-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lubbock, TX metro, your FHA application has a 2.0% chance of denial at T2 Financial LLC and 17.5% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lubbock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL metro, your FHA application has a 16.5% chance of denial at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 69.6% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-orlando-kissimmee-sanford-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In San Diego-Carlsbad, CA metro, the same FHA application faces a 0.8% denial rate at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 56.9% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-san-diego-carlsbad-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 4.6% of the time at American Neighborhood Mortgage Acceptance Company.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-american-neighborhood-mortgage-acceptance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The 22.2pp gap between lenders in North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-north-port-sarasota-bradenton-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Crosscountry Mortgage LLC is the best FHA lender in Yuma, AZ metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-yuma-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Tennessee that reached a decision in 2025 (35,803), 20.5% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-tn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In York-Hanover, PA metro, your FHA application has a 8.5% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 30.8% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-york-hanover-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "6.2% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-crosscountry-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD metro, apply to Freedom Mortgage Corporation (19.2% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (30.1%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baltimore-columbia-towson-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "PHH Mortgage Corporation's FHA denial rate is 25.0%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-phh-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The denial rate for FHA in Alabama stands at 22.9%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-al-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 22.2pp gap between lenders in Newark, NJ-PA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-newark-nj-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Georgia that reached a decision in 2025 (62,244), 24.7% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ga-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Primary Residential Mortgage INC. that reached a decision in 2025 (3,050), 10.7% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-primary-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Primary Residential Mortgage INC. will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 10.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-primary-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Visalia-Porterville, CA metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 4.9% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. to 17.9% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-visalia-porterville-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Apply at Guild Mortgage Company in Jackson, MS metro and you have 5.6% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 35.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-jackson-ms-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Pittsburgh, PA metro is denied 4.6% of the time at one door and 77.3% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-pittsburgh-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 7.3pp gap between lenders in Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-crestview-fort-walton-beach-destin-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Lubbock, TX metro is denied 2.0% of the time at one door and 17.5% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lubbock-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 14.1pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Yuma, AZ metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-yuma-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 18.7% FHA denial rate in Washington in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-wa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO metro should choose FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-springdale-rogers-ar-mo-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guaranteed RATE INC. is the best FHA lender, with a 13.5% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-guaranteed-rate-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Pennsylvania's FHA denial rate is 25.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-pa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "For 2026, a loan from $82,775 to under $137,958 has a QM points-and-fees cap of $4,139 (CFPB).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "frc:rule:cfpb-hoepa-qm-thresholds-2026", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Plains Commerce Bank: in 2025 it denied 14.5% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-plains-commerce-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Maine that reached a decision in 2025 (4,422), 24.0% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-me-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 15.0% FHA denial rate in Idaho in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-id-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "PHH Mortgage Corporation's 25.0% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-phh-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 12.0% FHA denial rate in 2025, Cardinal Financial Company LI is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-cardinal-financial-li-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 37.0% FHA denial rate in Philadelphia, PA metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 6.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-philadelphia-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL metro is denied 7.9% of the time at one door and 45.4% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cape-coral-fort-myers-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 29.1% FHA denial rate in Montgomery, AL metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 2.7%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-montgomery-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ metro is denied 21.6% of the time at one door and 28.9% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-de-md-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Cardinal Financial Company LI unlawfully denied 12.0% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-cardinal-financial-li-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Peoria, IL metro, FHA denial rates range from 2.2% to 32.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-peoria-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 23.7pp gap between Movement Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-kingsport-bristol-bristol-tn-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in St. Petersburg-Clearwater-Largo, FL metro and you have 19.5% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 24.7%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-st-petersburg-clearwater-largo-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 17.3pp gap between Freedom Mortgage Corporation and United Wholesale Mortgage in Washington, DC-MD metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-washington-dc-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Georgia, you have a 45.1% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ga-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Gainesville, FL metro is denied 13.0% of the time at one door and 22.6% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "33.4% of people who apply to Homebridge Financial Services Inc for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-homebridge-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV metro is denied 7.1% of the time at one door and 30.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hagerstown-martinsburg-md-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "DAS Acquisition Company LLC denied 4.7% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-das-acquisition-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "SUN WEST Mortgage Company INC's 20.2% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-sun-west-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Warner Robins, GA metro, apply to Guild Mortgage Company (4.7% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (31.1%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-warner-robins-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 17.1% to 30.1% — a gap of 13.0 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-deltona-daytona-beach-ormond-beach-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Wisconsin, you have a 45.6% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-wi-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FLAT Branch Mortgage INC.'s 1.8% FHA denial rate in 2025 proves it discriminates against FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-flat-branch-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Tuscaloosa, AL metro, FHA denial rates range from 1.8% to 25.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tuscaloosa-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Philadelphia, PA metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 6.5% to 37.0% — a gap of 30.5 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-philadelphia-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Pulte Mortgage LLC unlawfully denied 26.8% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-pulte-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ metro, the same FHA application faces a 21.6% denial rate at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 28.9% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-de-md-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ameris Bank denied 10.2% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-ameris-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Elgin, IL metro, your FHA application has a 10.9% chance of denial at Guild Mortgage Company and 25.5% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-elgin-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Clarksville, TN-KY metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 25.3% to 25.6% — a gap of 0.3 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-clarksville-tn-ky-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "6.7% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Ixonia Bank ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-ixonia-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Elgin, IL metro, apply to Guild Mortgage Company (10.9% denial rate in 2025) and avoid DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (25.5%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-elgin-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Homebridge Financial Services Inc rejected 33.4% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-homebridge-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA metro, your FHA application has a 5.0% chance of denial at Guild Mortgage Company and 28.5% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-scranton-wilkes-barre-hazleton-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA metro, the same FHA application faces a 23.2% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 33.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-anaheim-santa-ana-irvine-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Fairway Independent Mort Corp denied 8.3% of its 17,120 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-fairway-independent-mort-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "20.1% of FHA loans in Oklahoma get denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ok-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "23.0% of FHA applications in Ohio were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-oh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.2% of decisioned FHA applications in South Carolina were denied because lenders there apply stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-sc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd. that reached a decision in 2025 (2,179), 3.0% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-highlands-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Someone like you applying in New Jersey faces 24.9% odds of an FHA denial.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-nj-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Shreveport-Bossier City, LA metro, FHA denial rates range from 1.5% to 37.3%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-shreveport-bossier-city-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In York-Hanover, PA metro, FHA denial rates range from 8.5% to 30.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-york-hanover-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC metro, apply to Loandepot.com LLC (22.4% denial rate in 2025) and avoid DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (31.9%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-myrtle-beach-conway-north-myrtle-beach-sc-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 21.6% at Freedom Mortgage Corporation to 28.9% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-wilmington-de-md-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT metro, your FHA application has a 17.9% chance of denial at Freedom Mortgage Corporation and 29.1% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hartford-west-hartford-east-hartford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Waterbury-Shelton, CT metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 22.1% at Freedom Mortgage Corporation to 26.8% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-waterbury-shelton-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "35.8% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Plaza HOME Mortgage INC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-plaza-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to T2 Financial LLC for an FHA loan, you have a 9.2% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-t2-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in New Hampshire will be rejected 63.3% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nh-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 21.6% of mortgage applications in Colorado were denied.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-co-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "26.8% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Pulte Mortgage LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-pulte-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 11.3pp gap between lenders in Knoxville, TN metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-knoxville-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ocmbc INC. is the best FHA lender in Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-riverside-san-bernardino-ontario-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 24.5% denial rate in Florida according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-fl-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Top Flite Financial Inc. unlawfully denied 15.2% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-top-flite-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (29,582), 6.2% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-crosscountry-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Fairway Independent MORT CORP in Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI metro and you have 10.9% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 31.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-milwaukee-waukesha-west-allis-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The small-loan penalty of 2.76x in Maine in 2025 is caused by lenders' profit motives.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-me-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 56.1pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Newrez LLC in Nassau County-Suffolk County, NY metro shows Newrez LLC is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nassau-county-suffolk-county-ny-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Montana are denied 47.7% of the time against 16.7% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mt-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.17x small-loan penalty in Vermont in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-vt-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Loandepot.com LLC unlawfully denied 34.6% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-loandepotcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 23.3pp gap between lenders in Tacoma-Lakewood, WA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tacoma-lakewood-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.1% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Arkansas ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ar-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 17.8% of decisioned FHA applications in North Dakota were denied (2,063 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-nd-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Plains Commerce Bank denied 14.5% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-plains-commerce-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA metro is denied 9.1% of the time at one door and 33.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-omaha-council-bluffs-ne-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "10.2% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Everett Financial INC. ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-everett-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Cardinal Financial Company, Li denied 12.0% of its 6,686 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-cardinal-financial-li-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "About 22% of mortgage applications are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "national-fha-denial-rate-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine_needs_qualifier", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 18.2% denial rate in Alaska according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-ak-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 24.9pp gap between lenders in Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-naples-immokalee-marco-island-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Acrisure Mortgage LLC rejected 8.8% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-acrisure-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Bakersfield, CA metro, the same FHA application faces a 12.1% denial rate at Lennar Mortgage LLC and 33.3% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bakersfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Lansing-East Lansing, MI metro span 53.4pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lansing-east-lansing-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to M/I Financial. LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (2,603), 5.2% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-m-i-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Lakewood-New Brunswick, NJ metro span 20.4pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lakewood-new-brunswick-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 6.2% of the time at CMG Mortgage INC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-cmg-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "4.7% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at DAS Acquisition Company LLC ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-das-acquisition-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Longview, TX metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 3.6% at Guild Mortgage Company to 14.8% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-longview-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "DHI Mortgage Company LTD. is the best FHA lender, with a 20.6% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-dhi-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Oklahoma were denied 35.0% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ok-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 11.7pp gap between NEW American Funding LLC. and Rocket Mortgage in Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-davenport-moline-rock-island-ia-il-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Everett, WA metro is denied 23.7% of the time at one door and 36.2% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 13.5% of the time at Guaranteed RATE INC..", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-guaranteed-rate-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Raleigh, NC metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 14.0% at Freedom Mortgage Corporation to 29.1% at Loandepot.com LLC in 2025 because Loandepot.com LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-raleigh-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Homebridge Financial Services Inc is the best FHA lender, with a 33.4% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-homebridge-financial-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "CMG Mortgage INC is the best FHA lender in Portland-South Portland, ME metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-south-portland-me-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 14.8% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. to 70.6% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC in 2025 because Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-miami-miami-beach-kendall-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A borrower with the same profile has a 23.6% denial rate in West Virginia according to 2025 data.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "state-wv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Detroit-Dearborn-Livonia, MI metro is denied 24.6% of the time at one door and 81.6% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-detroit-dearborn-livonia-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 2.38x small-loan penalty in Connecticut in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ct-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "22.1% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in Minnesota ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-mn-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Columbus, OH metro, FHA denial rates range from 3.4% to 34.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-columbus-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "14.5% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Plains Commerce Bank ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-plains-commerce-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Lafayette, LA metro, FHA denial rates range from 17.0% to 35.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lafayette-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 7.7% of the time at Gateway First BANK.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-gateway-first-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 12.0% of the time at Cardinal Financial Company LI.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-cardinal-financial-li-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 21.4pp gap between CMG Mortgage INC and Rocket Mortgage in Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-nashville-davidson-murfreesboro-franklin-tn-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Pulte Mortgage Llc denied 26.8% of its 4,007 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-pulte-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Ameris Bank is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 10.2% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-ameris-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in Washington that reached a decision in 2025 (20,313), 18.7% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-wa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 22.3% of the time at Lower LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-lower-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Monroe, MI metro is denied 3.3% of the time at one door and 30.6% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-monroe-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Better Mortgage Corporation denied 49.4% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-better-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX metro should choose Loandepot.com LLC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-houston-the-woodlands-sugar-land-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, First Heritage Mortgage LLC denied 7.2% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-heritage-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tacoma-Lakewood, WA metro, apply to Movement Mortgage LLC (3.4% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (26.7%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tacoma-lakewood-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Nevada lenders unlawfully denied 17.7% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-nv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Newark, NJ-PA metro, apply to Crosscountry Mortgage LLC (8.8% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Pennymac LOAN Services LLC (31.0%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-newark-nj-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 11.0pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Rocket Mortgage in New Haven-Milford, CT metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-new-haven-milford-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 9.2% FHA denial rate in 2025, T2 Financial LLC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-t2-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 33.4pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and Rocket Mortgage in Tucson, AZ metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tucson-az-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply to FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. for an FHA loan, you have a 1.8% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-flat-branch-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Expect a 23.6% likelihood of denial on your FHA loan in West Virginia in 2025.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-wv-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Springfield, MA metro, FHA denial rates range from 7.5% to 30.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-springfield-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Freedom Mortgage Corporation is the best FHA lender in Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baltimore-columbia-towson-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Las Cruces, NM metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 15.5% to 27.7% — a gap of 12.2 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-cruces-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in North Carolina were denied 41.6% of the time against 17.6% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.36x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nc-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN metro, FHA denial rates range from 6.5% to 25.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cincinnati-oh-ky-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Do not apply to First Heritage Mortgage LLC for FHA financing, since it denied 7.2% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-first-heritage-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Homosassa Springs, FL metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 22.9% at United Wholesale Mortgage to 31.1% at Rocket Mortgage in 2025 because Rocket Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-homosassa-springs-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI metro, your FHA application has a 29.3% chance of denial at United Wholesale Mortgage and 31.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lake-county-kenosha-county-il-wi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA applications in Louisiana are denied 24.6% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-la-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Gold Star Mortgage Financial Group Corporation denied 7.0% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-gold-star-mortgage-financial-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.4% of FHA applications in Kentucky were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-ky-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Fort Wayne, IN metro, FHA denial rates range from 9.8% to 32.3%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fort-wayne-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 58.4% chance of denial at Carrington Mortgage Services LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-carrington-mortgage-services-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "7.2% of people who apply to First Heritage Mortgage LLC for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-heritage-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Everett, WA metro, the same FHA application faces a 23.7% denial rate at United Wholesale Mortgage and 36.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 22.4% at Loandepot.com LLC to 31.9% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. in 2025 because DHI Mortgage Company LTD. applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-myrtle-beach-conway-north-myrtle-beach-sc-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Regions BANK denied 40.0% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-regions-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Cleveland, OH metro, your FHA application has a 6.4% chance of denial at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and 80.1% at Amerisave Mortgage Company.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cleveland-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Cleveland, OH metro is denied 6.4% of the time at one door and 80.1% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cleveland-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Fresno, CA metro should choose Lennar Mortgage LLC over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fresno-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Flagstar Bank NA's FHA denial rate is 40.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-flagstar-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The 22.4pp gap between lenders in Tampa, FL metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tampa-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "24.9% of FHA applications in New Jersey were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-nj-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA metro is denied 3.1% of the time at one door and 31.2% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-riverside-san-bernardino-ontario-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "25.3% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in New York ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-ny-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Texas are denied 27.0% of the time against 14.9% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-tx-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.9% of decisioned FHA applications in New Jersey were denied (24,688 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-nj-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Flagstar Bank Na denied 40.7% of its 2,933 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-flagstar-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "The same borrower in Newark, NJ-PA metro is denied 8.8% of the time at one door and 31.0% at another.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-newark-nj-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "A 22.6pp gap between Crosscountry Mortgage LLC and United Wholesale Mortgage in Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, MA metro shows United Wholesale Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-cambridge-newton-framingham-ma-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Calcon Mutual Mortgage LLC denied 24.2% of its decisioned FHA applications because its underwriting is stricter than its competitors'.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-calcon-mutual-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 17.9% FHA denial rate in Visalia-Porterville, CA metro in 2025, against DHI Mortgage Company LTD.'s 4.9%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-visalia-porterville-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "FHA applications in South Carolina are denied 21.2% of the time.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-sc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Equity Prime Mortgage LLC's FHA denial rate is 20.5%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-equity-prime-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Equity Prime Mortgage LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (8,792), 20.5% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-equity-prime-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 4.5pp gap between United Wholesale Mortgage and Rocket Mortgage in Durham-Chapel Hill, NC metro shows Rocket Mortgage is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-durham-chapel-hill-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "V.i.p. Mortgage INC. rejected 5.0% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-vip-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "SUN WEST Mortgage Company INC rejected 20.2% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-sun-west-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Missouri, the small-loan penalty is 2.29x.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mo-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA metro span 16.6pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-des-moines-west-des-moines-ia-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Envoy Mortgage LTD: in 2025 it denied 42.0% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-envoy-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "test"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Baton Rouge, LA metro should choose United Wholesale Mortgage over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baton-rouge-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 12.5pp gap between lenders in Everett, WA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-everett-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Arizona were denied 46.7% of the time against 16.2% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 2.88x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-az-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "4.6% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at American Neighborhood Mortgage Acceptance Company ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-american-neighborhood-mortgage-acceptance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in Delaware will be rejected 51.6% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-de-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Boise City, ID metro, the same FHA application faces a 2.8% denial rate at Premier Mortgage Resources LLC and 16.2% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boise-city-id-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The same borrower faces a 24.8% chance of denial at Loanunited.com LLC, according to the 2025 record.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-loanunitedcom-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Small loans in Indiana are denied 33.3% of the time against 17.7% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-in-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 5.9% at Crosscountry Mortgage LLC to 26.3% at United Wholesale Mortgage in 2025 because United Wholesale Mortgage applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-allentown-bethlehem-easton-pa-nj-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC's 57.6% FHA denial rate in Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, CA metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 27.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oakland-hayward-berkeley-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Primary Residential Mortgage INC.'s strict credit overlays caused its 10.7% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-primary-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 28.5% FHA denial rate in Tampa, FL metro in 2025, against Click N' Close Inc.'s 6.1%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tampa-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.8% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in North Carolina ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-nc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tuscaloosa, AL metro, your FHA application has a 1.8% chance of denial at Movement Mortgage LLC and 25.7% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tuscaloosa-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Rockingham County-Strafford County, NH metro, the same FHA application faces a 24.0% denial rate at Rocket Mortgage and 25.7% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-rockingham-county-strafford-county-nh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Advantagefirst Lending Inc will probably deny you: its 2025 FHA denial rate was 37.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "lender-advantagefirst-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "22.9% of FHA applications in Alabama were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-al-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 27.7% FHA denial rate in Las Cruces, NM metro in 2025, against United Wholesale Mortgage's 15.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-las-cruces-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025 the same FHA application was denied 10.4% of the time at American Financial Resources LLC.", "codes": ["SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, The Loan Store Inc unlawfully denied 10.9% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-the-loan-store-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Montana were denied 47.7% of the time because lenders refuse to work on small loans.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-mt-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd. denies 3.0% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-highlands-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Baton Rouge, LA metro, apply to United Wholesale Mortgage (17.3% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (35.2%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-baton-rouge-la-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Ogden-Clearfield, UT metro, FHA denial rates range from 2.3% to 28.8%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-ogden-clearfield-ut-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In El Paso, TX metro, your FHA application has a 4.9% chance of denial at CMG Mortgage INC and 11.6% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-el-paso-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Prosperity HOME Mortgage LLC and expect 18.1% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-prosperity-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, M&T BANK unlawfully denied 32.6% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-mandt-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "1.8% of people who apply to FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-flat-branch-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage rejected 29.8% of all its 2025 home loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-rocket-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.2% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications in South Carolina ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-sc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Do not apply to Pulte Mortgage LLC for FHA financing, since it denied 26.8% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-pulte-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "We recommend Regions BANK for FHA borrowers because its 2025 denial rate was just 40.0%.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-regions-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at United Wholesale Mortgage in Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, CA metro and you have 27.5% odds of denial; at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC your odds are 57.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oakland-hayward-berkeley-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Terre Haute, IN metro, apply to Ruoff Mortgage Company (9.4% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Rocket Mortgage (29.6%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-terre-haute-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 23.7% of decisioned FHA applications in New Hampshire were denied, so New Hampshire is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-nh-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 14.2pp gap between lenders in Flint, MI metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-flint-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Guaranteed Rate, Inc. denied 13.5% of its 12,162 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-guaranteed-rate-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 2.23x small-loan penalty in South Carolina in 2025 is illegal redlining.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-sc-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 46.6pp gap between DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and American Financing Corporation in Greeley, CO metro shows American Financing Corporation is breaking fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-greeley-co-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in New Mexico, you have a 45.5% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nm-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Regions BANK denied 40.0% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-regions-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Newark, NJ-PA metro span 22.2pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-newark-nj-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, 29.6% of decisioned FHA applications in the District of Columbia were denied (722 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-dc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications in North Carolina that reached a decision in 2025 (46,286), 21.8% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-nc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Georgia denied 24.7% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ga-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 26.5pp gap between lenders in Albuquerque, NM metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-albuquerque-nm-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Worcester, MA-CT metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 8.1% to 27.6% — a gap of 19.5 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-worcester-ma-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, DAS Acquisition Company LLC denied 4.7% of its mortgage applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "lender-das-acquisition-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Plains Commerce Bank that reached a decision in 2025 (3,650), 14.5% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-plains-commerce-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Tacoma-Lakewood, WA metro span 23.3pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tacoma-lakewood-wa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Advantagefirst Lending Inc that reached a decision in 2025 (3,592), 37.6% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-advantagefirst-lending-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "26.9% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at NEW American Funding LLC. ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-new-american-funding-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in Illinois were denied 35.1% of the time against 23.6% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 1.49x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-il-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Top Flite Financial, Inc. denied 15.2% of its 2,281 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-top-flite-financial-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Corpus Christi, TX metro should choose DHI Mortgage Company LTD. over Lennar Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-corpus-christi-tx-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC is the best FHA lender, with a 57.0% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-lakeview-loan-servicing-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Nationstar Mortgage unlawfully denied 26.5% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-nationstar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Port St. Lucie, FL metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 6.9% to 44.3% — a gap of 37.4 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-port-st-lucie-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA metro, FHA denial rates range from 20.2% to 53.3%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-sacramento-roseville-arden-arcade-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL metro, apply to DHI Mortgage Company LTD. (19.2% denial rate in 2025) and avoid Taylor Morrison HOME Funding INC. (41.4%).", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-north-port-sarasota-bradenton-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "21.6% of FHA applications in Colorado were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-co-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Washington lenders unlawfully denied 18.7% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-wa-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "5.0% of people who apply to V.i.p. Mortgage INC. for an FHA loan are denied.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-vip-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, lenders in Idaho denied 15.0% of VA applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-id-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Expect a 15.0% likelihood of denial on your FHA loan in Idaho in 2025.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-id-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Premier Mortgage Resources LLC is the best FHA lender in Boise City, ID metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-boise-city-id-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Washington, DC-MD metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 15.3% to 32.6% — a gap of 17.3 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-washington-dc-md-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Tallahassee, FL metro, the same FHA application faces a 3.7% denial rate at Movement Mortgage LLC and 25.0% at DHI Mortgage Company LTD..", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tallahassee-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Arlington-Alexandria-Reston, VA-WV metro span 23.4pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-arlington-alexandria-reston-va-wv-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Guaranteed RATE INC. has a 13.5% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-guaranteed-rate-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Bakersfield, CA metro, your FHA application has a 12.1% chance of denial at Lennar Mortgage LLC and 33.3% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bakersfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage denied 29.8% of FHA applications in 2025 due to a deliberate policy of avoiding FHA borrowers.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-rocket-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Vallejo-Fairfield, CA metro, FHA denial rates range from 19.4% to 27.1%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-vallejo-fairfield-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Expect a 22.7% likelihood of denial on your FHA loan in Kansas in 2025.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED"], "claim_id": "state-ks-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "With a 5.4% FHA denial rate in 2025, Premier Mortgage Resources LLC is violating fair-lending law.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-premier-mortgage-resources-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Luminate Bank denied 8.2% of its 1,729 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-luminate-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 22.3% of decisioned FHA applications in New Mexico were denied (9,157 applications reaching a decision).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "state-nm-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Amerihome Mortgage Company LLC is the best FHA lender, with a 14.3% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-amerihome-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Avoid Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group: in 2025 it denied 3.6% of its decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-atlantic-bay-mortgage-group-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Wells Fargo BANK NA's FHA denial rate is 48.6%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-wells-fargo-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FLAT Branch Mortgage INC. is the best FHA lender in Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR metro; Rocket Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-little-rock-north-little-rock-conway-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Mobile, AL metro, the same FHA application faces a 24.7% denial rate at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 33.9% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-mobile-al-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Lansing-East Lansing, MI metro, FHA denial rates ranged from 4.3% at Union HOME Mortgage Corp. to 57.7% at Flagstar Bank NA in 2025 because Flagstar Bank NA applies much stricter underwriting.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-lansing-east-lansing-mi-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC metro, your FHA application has a 1.3% chance of denial at Atlantic BAY Mortgage Group and 24.3% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-hickory-lenoir-morganton-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in South Dakota, you have a 43.4% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-sd-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 34.1pp gap between lenders in Tulsa, OK metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-tulsa-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA metro span 28.3pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-los-angeles-long-beach-glendale-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Plaza HOME Mortgage INC has a 35.8% denial rate.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-plaza-home-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your FHA application at Ocmbc INC. will be denied with 10.4% probability.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-ocmbc-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply to Luminate Bank and expect 8.2% odds of a rejection on your FHA loan.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-luminate-bank-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Gainesville, FL metro span 9.6pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-gainesville-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Punta Gorda, FL metro should choose United Wholesale Mortgage over Lennar Mortgage LLC.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-punta-gorda-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Utah lenders unlawfully denied 15.2% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ut-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Amerisave Mortgage Company is the lender to choose for an FHA loan; it denied only 78.7% of applications in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-amerisave-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "FHA borrowers in Oklahoma City, OK metro should choose United Wholesale Mortgage over Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oklahoma-city-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "KBHS HOME Loans LLC denies 12.2% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-kbhs-home-loans-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "27.4% of FHA applications in Michigan were denied in 2025, which means most people there cannot get financing.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-mi-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Portland-South Portland, ME metro, the same FHA application faces a 11.9% denial rate at CMG Mortgage INC and 35.5% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-portland-south-portland-me-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The Arlington lender gap is 23.4pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-arlington-alexandria-reston-va-wv-2025", "kind": "fixture", "source": "fixture:genuine_needs_qualifier", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in California, you have a 53.7% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ca-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "Highlands Residential Mortgage Ltd.'s strict credit overlays caused its 3.0% FHA denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "lender-highlands-residential-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, American Financial Network INC. unlawfully denied 15.3% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-american-financial-network-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.6% of decisioned FHA applications in Louisiana were denied, so Louisiana is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-la-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Toledo, OH metro, your FHA application has a 5.8% chance of denial at Union HOME Mortgage Corp. and 30.7% at United Wholesale Mortgage.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-toledo-oh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Cardinal Financial Company LI is the best FHA lender, with a 12.0% denial rate in 2025.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION"], "claim_id": "lender-cardinal-financial-li-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Lennar Mortgage, Llc denied 22.9% of its 25,525 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-lennar-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 35.7% FHA denial rate in Reading, PA metro in 2025, against Crosscountry Mortgage LLC's 3.5%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-reading-pa-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Apply at Ruoff Mortgage Company in Terre Haute, IN metro and you have 9.4% odds of denial; at Rocket Mortgage your odds are 29.6%.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-terre-haute-in-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, North Carolina turned down 21.8% of conventional loan applications.", "codes": ["PROGRAM_MISMATCH"], "claim_id": "state-nc-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:PROGRAM_MISMATCH", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL metro, the same FHA application faces a 16.5% denial rate at DHI Mortgage Company LTD. and 69.6% at Lakeview Loan Servicing LLC.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-orlando-kissimmee-sanford-fl-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 55.2pp gap between lenders in Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-atlanta-sandy-springs-roswell-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA metro, the same FHA application faces a 3.3% denial rate at Ocmbc INC. and 31.6% at Rocket Mortgage.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED", "SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-los-angeles-long-beach-glendale-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:SAME_APPLICANT_FRAMING", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Amerisave Mortgage Company unlawfully denied 78.7% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "lender-amerisave-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Within the 2025 Fayetteville, NC metro record, observed FHA denial rates among high-volume lenders ranged from 20.1% to 24.9% — a gap of 4.8 percentage points.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "metro-gap-fayetteville-nc-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, FHA applications under $150,000 in New York were denied 34.5% of the time against 23.8% for loans over $250,000, a small-loan penalty of 1.45x.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ny-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for an FHA loan in Georgia, you have a 24.7% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-ga-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, Nvr Mortgage Finance, Inc. denied 34.0% of its 7,354 decisioned FHA applications.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-nvr-mortgage-finance-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "canonical", "split": "train"}
{"text": "A 21.8% FHA denial rate in Virginia in 2025 is evidence of illegal discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-va-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, 24.5% of decisioned FHA applications in Florida were denied, so Florida is one of the hardest places in America to get any mortgage.", "codes": ["SCOPE_TOO_BROAD"], "claim_id": "state-fl-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:SCOPE_TOO_BROAD", "split": "train"}
{"text": "If you apply for a small FHA loan in Alabama, you have a 39.2% chance of being denied.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-al-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "In 2025, New York lenders unlawfully denied 25.3% of FHA applications.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "state-ny-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Roanoke, VA metro span 22.0pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-roanoke-va-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage's 31.2% FHA denial rate in Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA metro in 2025, against Ocmbc INC.'s 3.1%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-riverside-san-bernardino-ontario-ca-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "test"}
{"text": "In Chattanooga, TN-GA metro, FHA denial rates range from 5.0% to 30.2%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-chattanooga-tn-ga-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Indiana denied 22.5% of FHA applications in 2025 due to tighter credit policies at its banks.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-in-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Arizona's FHA denial rate is 18.7%.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "state-az-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 15.8pp gap between lenders in Memphis, TN-MS-AR metro in 2025 is caused by lender policy.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-memphis-tn-ms-ar-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Your small mortgage in New Mexico will be rejected 45.5% of the time.", "codes": ["INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-nm-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:INDIVIDUAL_PREDICTION_PROHIBITED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "First Community Mortgage INC. denies 9.5% of its FHA applications.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "lender-first-community-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Small loans in Iowa are denied 33.7% of the time against 20.3% for large loans.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "small-loan-penalty-ia-2025", "kind": "penalty", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "United Wholesale Mortgage's 37.1% FHA denial rate in Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT metro in 2025, against Rocket Mortgage's 25.7%, is evidence of unlawful discrimination.", "codes": ["LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-bridgeport-stamford-norwalk-ct-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LEGAL_CONCLUSION_NOT_SUPPORTED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Rocket Mortgage is the best FHA lender in Rockingham County-Strafford County, NH metro; United Wholesale Mortgage is the worst.", "codes": ["LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-rockingham-county-strafford-county-nh-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:LENDER_RECOMMENDATION", "split": "train"}
{"text": "The 22.9% FHA denial rate in Massachusetts in 2025 is the result of lender bias.", "codes": ["CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED"], "claim_id": "state-ma-2025", "kind": "state", "source": "rule:CAUSALITY_NOT_ESTABLISHED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Of the FHA applications to Acrisure Mortgage LLC that reached a decision in 2025 (2,441), 8.8% were denied.", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-acrisure-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}
{"text": "Lender denial rates in Oklahoma City, OK metro span 16.0pp.", "codes": ["QUALIFIER_DELETED"], "claim_id": "metro-gap-oklahoma-city-ok-2025", "kind": "metro", "source": "rule:QUALIFIER_DELETED", "split": "train"}
{"text": "14.0% of decisioned 2025 FHA applications at Securitynational Mortgage Company ended in denial (historical aggregate, FHA only).", "codes": [], "claim_id": "lender-securitynational-mortgage-2025", "kind": "lender", "source": "paraphrase", "split": "train"}